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Shape from Shading: Recognizing the Mountains through a Global View

Shape from Shading: Recognizing the Mountains through a Glob...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Qihui Zhu Jianbo Shi Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Resolving local ambiguities is an important issue for shape from shading (SFS). Pixel ambiguities of SFS can be eliminated by propagation approaches. However, patch ambiguities still exist. Therefore, we formulate the global disambiguation problem to resolve these ambiguities. Intuitively, it can be interpreted as flipping patches and adjusting heights such that the result surface has no kinks. The problem is intractable because exponentially many possible configurations need to be checked. Alternatively, we solve the integrability testing problems closely related to the original one. It can be viewed as finding a surface which satisfies the global integrability constraint. To encode the constraints, we introduce a graph formulation called configuration graph. Searching the solution on this graph can be reduced to a Max-cut problem and its solution is computuble using semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation. Tests carried out on synthetic and real images show that the global disambiguation works well for complex shapes.

关键词： Shape Surface reconstruction Image reconstruction Equations Information science Testing Pixel Lighting Venus computer Society

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An Integrated Model of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attention for Optimizing Detection Speed

An Integrated Model of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attention for ...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： V. Navalpakkam L. Itti Department of Computer Science Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California USA

Integration of goal-driven, top-down attention and image-driven, bottom-up attention is crucial for visual search. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on models that are purely top-down or bottom-up. Here, we propose a new model that combines both. The bottom-up component computes the visual salience of scene locations in different feature maps extracted at multiple spatial scales. The topdown component uses accumulated statistical knowledge of the visual features of the desired search target and background clutter, to optimally tune the bottom-up maps such that target detection speed is maximized. Testing on 750 artificial and natural scenes shows that the model’s predictions are consistent with a large body of available literature on human psychophysics of visual search. These results suggest that our model may provide good approximation of how humans combine bottom-up and top-down cues such as to optimize target detection speed.

关键词： Object detection Layout Biological system modeling Humans Face detection Acceleration Robots Navigation Surveillance computer science

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Principal component analysis with missing data and its application to object modeling

Principal component analysis with missing data and its appli...

引用

IEEE computer Society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Heung-Yeung Shum Ikeuchi Reddy The Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University USA

Observation-based modeling can reduce the cost and effort of model constructions for tasks such as virtual reality environment. Object modeling from a sequence of range images has been formulated as a problem of principal component analysis with missing data (PCAMD), which can be generalized as a weighted least square (WLS) minimization problem. After all visible regions appeared over the whole sequence are segmented and tracked, a normal measurement matrix of surface normals and a distance measurement matrix of normal distances to the origin are constructed respectively. These two measurement matrices, with possibly many missing elements due to occlusion and mismatching, enable us to formulate multiple view merging as a combination of two WLS problems. The solution to the first WLS problem, which employs the quaternion representation of the rotation matrix, yields surface normals and rotation matrices. Subsequently the normal distances and translation vectors are computed by solving the second WLS problem. Experiments using synthetic data and real range images show that our approach is robust against noise and mismatch because it produces a statistically optimal object model by making use of redundancy from multiple views. A toy house model from a sequence of real range images is presented.< >

关键词： Least-mean-square methods Minimization methods Matrices Virtual reality Image segmentation Machine vision Modeling

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Illumination Invariant Three-Stage Approach for Face Alignment

Illumination Invariant Three-Stage Approach for Face Alignme...

引用

IEEE International conference on Image Processing

作者： Fatih Kahraman Muhittin Gokmen Informatics Institute Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey Computer Engineering Department Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Technical University

Localization of facial components is very important for many pattern recognition and computer vision applications such as face recognition, tracking of face expressions. This paper addresses the problem of precisely finding facial components, such as the eyes, the mouth, the nose etc. We present an illumination invariant three-stage approach for face alignment. This paper combines the concept of component-based approach and face alignment and develops component-based active appearance model (AAM) method for fine face alignment. We propose a new image representation to improve AAM segmentation accuracy for illumination invariant face alignment.

关键词： Lighting Face detection Active appearance model pattern recognition computer vision Application software Face recognition Eyes Mouth Nose

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Non-Rigid Structure from Motion using non-Parametric Tracking and Non-Linear Optimization

Non-Rigid Structure from Motion using non-Parametric Trackin...

引用

IEEE computer Society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW)

作者： A. Del Bue F. Smeraldi L. Agapito Department of Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London UK

In this paper we address the problem of estimating the 3D structure and motion of a deformable non-rigid object from a sequence of uncalibrated images. It has been recently shown that if the deformation is modelled as a linear combination of basis shapes both the motion and the 3D structure of the object may be recovered using an extension of Tomasi and Kanade's factorization algorithm for affine cameras. The main drawback of the existing methods is that the non-rigid factorization algorithm does not provide a correct estimate of the motion: the motion matrix has a repetitive structure which is not respected by the factorization algorithm. This also affects the estimation of the 3D shape. In this paper we present a non-linear optimization method which minimizes image reprojection error and imposes the correct structure onto the motion matrix by choosing an appropriate parameterization. In addition, we propose a novel non-rigid tracking algorithm based on the use of ranklets, a multiscale family of rank features. Finally, we show that improved motion and shape estimates are obtained on a real image sequence of a person's face which is moving and changing expression.

关键词： Tracking Shape Motion estimation Deformable models Cameras Image sequences computer science Optimization methods Error correction Cost function

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Hand Gesture recognition for Deaf People Interfacing

Hand Gesture Recognition for Deaf People Interfacing

引用

International conference on pattern recognition

作者： I.G. Incertis J.G. Garcia-Bermejo E.Z. Casanova CARTIF Foundation Spain University of Valladolid Spain

In this paper, an approach for deaf-people interfacing using computer vision is presented. The recognition of alphabetic static signs of the Spanish sign language is addressed. The proposed approach combines a number of norms to evaluate the distance of the current sign, to the sign models stored in a database (a dictionary). This solution leads to a largely selective criterion. The method is simple enough to provide real-time recognition, and works suitably for most letters

关键词： Deafness Handicapped aids pattern recognition Dictionaries Fingers Histograms computer vision Databases Man machine systems Graphics

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A Distributed Approach for Real Time 3D Modeling

A Distributed Approach for Real Time 3D Modeling

引用

IEEE computer Society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW)

作者： J.-S. Franco C. Menier E. Boyer B. Raffin GRAVIR-INRIA Rhône-Alpes France ID-INRIA-Rhône-Alpes France

This paper addresses the problem of real time 3D modeling from images with multiple cameras. Environments where multiple cameras and PCs are present are becoming usual, mainly due to new camera technologies and high computing power of modern PCs. However most applications in computer vision are based on a single, or few PCs for computations and do not scale. Our motivation in this paper is therefore to propose a distributed framework which allows to compute precise 3D models in real time with a variable number of cameras, this through an optimal use of the several PCs which are generally present. We focus in this paper on silhouette based modeling approaches and investigate how to efficiently partition the associated tasks over a set of PCs. Our contribution is a distribution scheme that applies to the different types of approaches in this field and allows for real time applications. Such a scheme relies on different accessible levels of parallelization, from individual task partitions to concurrent executions, yielding in turn controls on both latency and frame rate of the modeling system. We report on the application of the presented framework to visual hull modeling applications. In particular, we show that precise surface models can be computed in real time with standard components. Results with synthetic data and preliminary results in real contexts are presented.

关键词： Personal communication networks computer vision Digital cameras Concurrent computing Robot vision systems Application software Layout Computational modeling Power system modeling Real time systems

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Shape-Based Approach to Robust Image Segmentation using Kernel PCA

Shape-Based Approach to Robust Image Segmentation using Kern...

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conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： S. Dambreville Y. Rathi A. Tannen Georgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Atlanta GA USA

Segmentation involves separating an object from the background. In this work, we propose a novel segmentation method combining image information with prior shape knowledge, within the level-set framework. Following the work of Leventon et al., we revisit the use of principal component analysis (PCA) to introduce prior knowledge about shapes in a more robust manner. To this end, we utilize Kernel PCA and show that this method of learning shapes outperforms linear PCA, by allowing only shapes that are close enough to the training data. In the proposed segmentation algorithm, shape knowledge and image information are encoded into two energy functionals entirely described in terms of shapes. This consistent description allows to fully take advantage of the Kernel PCA methodology and leads to promising segmentation results. In particular, our shape-driven segmentation technique allows for the simultaneous encoding of multiple types of shapes, and offers a convincing level of robustness with respect to noise, clutter, partial occlusions, or smearing.

关键词： Image segmentation Kernel Principal component analysis Shape Noise robustness computer vision Application software Active contours Training data Encoding

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A Shape Representation for Planar Curves by Shape Signature Harmonic Embedding

A Shape Representation for Planar Curves by Shape Signature ...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Sang-Mook Lee A.L. Abbott N.A. Clark P.A. Araman Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA SRS-4702 USDA Forest Service Blacksburg VA USA

This paper introduces a new representation for planar curves. From the well-known Dirichlet problem for a disk, the harmonic function embedded in a circular disk is solely dependent on specified boundary values and can be obtained from Poisson’s integral formula. We derive a discrete version of Poisson’s formula and assess its harmonic properties. Various shape signatures can be used as boundary values, whereas only the corresponding Fourier descriptors are needed for the framework. The proposed approach is similar to a scale space representation but exhibits greater generality by accommodating using any type of shape signature. In addition, it is robust to noise and computationally efficient, and it is guaranteed to have a unique solution. In this paper, we demonstrate that the approach has strong potential for shape representation and matching applications.

关键词： Shape Kernel computer vision USA Councils Poisson equations Harmonic analysis Power harmonic filters Low pass filters Embedded computing US Department of Agriculture

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DIA: Diffusion based Inverse Network Attack on Collaborative Inference

DIA: Diffusion based Inverse Network Attack on Collaborative...

引用

IEEE computer Society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Dake Chen Shiduo Li Yuke Zhang Chenghao Li Souvik Kundu Peter A. Beerel University of Southern California Los Angeles USA Tsinghua University Beijing China Intel Labs San Diego USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350365474

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365481

With the continuous expansion of neural networks in size and depth, and the growing popularity of machine learning as a service, collaborative inference systems present a promising approach for deploying models in resource-constrained computing environments. However, as the deployment of these systems gains traction, evaluating their privacy and security has become a critical issue. Towards this goal, this paper introduces a diffusion-based inverse network attack, named DIA, for collaborative inference systems that uses a novel feature map awareness conditioning mechanism to guide the diffusion model. Compared to prior approaches, our extensive empirical results demonstrate that the proposed attack achieves an average improvement of 29%, 20%, 30% in terms of SSIM, PSNR, and MSE when applied to convolutional neural networks (CNN), 18%, 17%, 61% to ResNet models, and 55%, 54%, 84% to vision transformers (ViTs). Our results identify the significant vulnerability of ViTs and analyze the potential sources of this vulnerability. Based on our analysis, we raise caution regarding the deployment of transformer-based models in collaborative inference systems, emphasizing the need for careful consideration regarding the security of such models in collaborative settings.

关键词： computer vision Analytical models Privacy Computational modeling Neural networks Collaboration Transformers

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