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PEA: Improving the Performance of ReLU Networks for Free by Using Progressive Ensemble Activations

PEA: Improving the Performance of ReLU Networks for Free by ...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Utasi, Akos Continental AI Dev Ctr Budapest Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

In recent years novel activation functions have been proposed to improve the performance of neural networks, and they show superior performance compared to the ReLU counterpart. However, there are environments, where the availability of complex activations is limited, and usually only the ReLU is supported. In this paper we propose methods that can be used to improve the performance of ReLU networks by using these efficient novel activations during model training. More specifically, we propose ensemble activations that are composed of the ReLU and one of these novel activations. Furthermore, the coefficients of the ensemble are neither fixed nor learned, but are progressively updated during the training process in a way that by the end of the training only the ReLU activations remain active in the network and the other activations can be removed. This means that in inference time the network contains ReLU activations only. We perform extensive evaluations on the ImageNet classification task using various compact network architectures and various novel activation functions. Results show 0.2-0.8% top-1 accuracy gain, which confirms the applicability of the proposed methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate the proposed methods on semantic segmentation and we boost the performance of a compact segmentation network by 0.34% mIOU on the Cityscapes dataset.

关键词： Training Image segmentation computer vision conferences Semantics Neural networks Network architecture

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Unsupervised Anomaly Detection from Time-of-Flight Depth Images

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection from Time-of-Flight Depth Ima...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Schneider, Pascal Rambach, Jason Mirbach, Bruno Stricker, Didier German Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence DFKI Trippstadter Str 122 D-67663 Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Video anomaly detection (VAD) addresses the problem of automatically finding anomalous events in video data. The primary data modalities on which current VAD systems work on are monochrome or RGB images. Using depth data in this context instead is still hardly explored in spite of depth images being a popular choice in many other computer vision research areas and the increasing availability of inexpensive depth camera hardware. We evaluate the application of existing autoencoder-based methods on depth video and propose how the advantages of using depth data can be leveraged by integration into the loss function. Training is done unsupervised using normal sequences without need for any additional annotations. We show that depth allows easy extraction of auxiliary information for scene analysis in the form of a foreground mask and demonstrate its beneficial effect on the anomaly detection performance through evaluation on a large public dataset, for which we are also the first ones to present results on.

关键词： Training Optical losses computer vision Cameras Transformers Sensors Task analysis

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Online Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Person Re-identification

Online Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Person Re-identifi...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Rami, Hamza Ospici, Matthieu Lathuiliere, Stephane Inst Polytech Paris Telecom Paris LTCI Paris France Atos London England

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Unsupervised domain adaptation for person re-identification (Person Re-ID) is the task of transferring the learned knowledge on the labeled source domain to the unlabeled target domain. Most of the recent papers that address this problem adopt an offline training setting. More precisely, the training of the Re-ID model is done assuming that we have access to the complete training target domain data set. In this paper, we argue that the target domain generally consists of a stream of data in a practical realworld application, where data is continuously increasing from the different network's cameras. The Re-ID solutions are also constrained by confidentiality regulations stating that the collected data can be stored for only a limited period, hence the model can no longer get access to previously seen target images. Therefore, we present a new yet practical online setting for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for person Re-ID with two main constraints: Online Adaptation and Privacy Protection. We then adapt and evaluate the state-of-the-art UDA algorithms on this new online setting using the well-known Market-1501, Duke, and MSMT17 benchmarks.

关键词： Training Adaptation models Privacy computer vision conferences Benchmark testing Data models

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Linear Combination Approximation of Feature for Channel Pruning

Linear Combination Approximation of Feature for Channel Prun...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Joo, Donggyu Kim, Doyeon Yi, Eojindl Kim, Junmo Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol KAIST Daejeon South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Network pruning is an effective method that reduces the computation of neural networks while maintaining high performance. This enables the operation of deep neural networks in resource-limited environments. In a general large network, the roles of each channel often inevitably overlap with those of others. Therefore, for more effective pruning, it is important to observe the correlation between features in the network. In this paper, we propose a novel channel pruning method, namely, the linear combination approximation of features (LCAF). We approximate each feature map by a linear combination of other feature maps in the same layer, and then remove the most approximated one. Additionally, by exploiting the linearity of the convolution operation, we propose a supporting method called weight modification, to further reduce the loss change that occurs during pruning. Extensive experiments show that LCAF achieves state-of-the-art performance in several benchmarks. Furthermore, ablations on the LCAF demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in a variety of ways.

关键词： Deep learning computer vision Correlation Convolution conferences Neural networks Linearity

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Momentum Contrastive Pruning

Momentum Contrastive Pruning

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Pan, Siyuan Qin, Yiming Li, Tingyao Li, Xiaoshuang Hou, Liang Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Comp Technol Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Momentum contrast [16] (MoCo) for unsupervised visual representation learning has a close performance to supervised learning, but it sometimes possesses excess parameters. Extracting a subnetwork from an over-parameterized unsupervised network without sacrificing performance is of particular interest to accelerate inference speed. Typical pruning methods are not applicable for MoCo, because in the fine-tune stage after pruning, the slow update of the momentum encoder will undermine the pretrained encoder. In this paper, we propose a Momentum Contrastive Pruning (MCP) method, which prunes the momentum encoder instead to obtain a momentum subnet. It maintains an unpruned momentum encoder as a smooth transition scheme to alleviate the representation gap between the encoder and momentum subnet. To fulfill the sparsity requirements of the encoder, alternating direction method of multipliers [40] (ADMM) is adopted. Experiments prove that our MCP method can obtain a momentum subnet that has almost equal performance as the over-parameterized MoCo when transferred to downstream tasks, meanwhile has much less parameters and float operations per second (FLOPs).

关键词： Representation learning Visualization computer vision conferences Computational modeling Supervised learning Self-supervised learning

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Autonomous detection of disruptions in the intensive care unit using deep mask R-CNN 31

Autonomous detection of disruptions in the intensive care un...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Malhotra, Kumar Rohit Davoudi, Anis Siegel, Scott Bihorac, Azra Rashidi, Parisa Univ Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781538661000

ISBN: (纸本)9781538661000

Patients staying in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have a severely disrupted circadian rhythm. Due to patients' critical medical condition, ICU physicians and nurses have to provide round-the-clock clinical care, further disrupting patients' circadian rhythm. Mistimed family visits during rest-time can also disrupt patients' circadian rhythm. Currently, such effects are only reported based on hospital visitation policies rather than the actual number of visitors and care providers in the room. To quantify visitation disruptions, we used a deep Mask R-CNN model, a deep learning framework for object instance segmentation to detect and quantify the number of individuals in the ICU unit. This study represents the first effort to automatically quantify visitations in an ICU room, which could have implications in terms of policy adjustment, as well as circadian rhythm investigation. Our model achieved precision of 0.97 and recall of 0.67, with F1 score of 0.79 for detecting disruptions in the ICU units.

关键词： Hospitals Circadian rhythm Biomedical imaging computer vision Timing Lighting conferences

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Unveiling the Anomalies in an Ever-ChangingWorld: A Benchmark for Pixel-Level Anomaly Detection in Continual Learning

Unveiling the Anomalies in an Ever-ChangingWorld: A Benchmar...

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IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Bugarin, Nikola Bugaric, Jovana Barusco, Manuel Pezze, Davide Dalle Susto, Gian Antonio Univ Padua Padua Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Anomaly Detection is a relevant problem in numerous real-world applications, especially when dealing with images. However, little attention has been paid to the issue of changes over time in the input data distribution, which may cause a significant decrease in performance. In this study, we investigate the problem of Pixel-Level Anomaly Detection in the Continual Learning setting, where new data arrives over time and the goal is to perform well on new and old data. We implement several state-of-the-art techniques to solve the Anomaly Detection problem in the classic setting and adapt them to work in the Continual Learning setting. To validate the approaches, we use a real-world dataset of images with pixel-based anomalies to provide a reliable benchmark and serve as a foundation for further advancements in the field. We provide a comprehensive analysis, discussing which Anomaly Detection methods and which families of approaches seem more suitable for the Continual Learning setting.

关键词： Anomaly Detection computer vision Continual Learning

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The multi-modal universe of fast-fashion: the Visuelle 2.0 benchmark

The multi-modal universe of fast-fashion: the Visuelle 2.0 b...

引用

IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Skenderi, Geri Joppi, Christian Denitto, Matteo Scarpa, Berniero Cristani, Marco Univ Verona Verona Italy Humatics Srl Verona Italy Nuna Lie Srl Rome Italy

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

We present Visuelle 2.0, the first dataset useful for facing diverse prediction problems that a fast-fashion company has to manage routinely. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the use of computer vision is substantial in this scenario. Visuelle 2.0 contains data for 6 seasons / 5355 clothing products of Nuna Lie(1), a famous Italian company with hundreds of shops located in different areas within the country. In particular, we focus on a specific prediction problem, namely short-observation new product sale forecasting (SO-fore). SO-fore assumes that the season has started and a set of new products is on the shelves of the different stores. The goal is to forecast the sales for a particular horizon, given a short, available past (few weeks), since no earlier statistics are available. To be successful, SO-fore approaches should capture this short past and exploit other modalities or exogenous data. To these aims, Visuelle 2.0 is equipped with disaggregated data at the item-shop level and multi-modal information for each clothing item, allowing computer vision approaches to come into play. The main message that we deliver is that the use of image data with deep networks boosts performances obtained when using the time series in long-term forecasting scenarios, ameliorating the WAPE by 8.2% and the MAE by 7.7%. The dataset is available at : https://***/forecasting/visuelle.

关键词： computer vision conferences Clothing Time series analysis Companies Benchmark testing pattern recognition

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Label-free Anomaly Detection in Aerial Agricultural Images with Masked Image Modeling

Label-free Anomaly Detection in Aerial Agricultural Images w...

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IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Shikhar, Sambal Sobti, Anupam Plaksha Univ Mohali Punjab India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Detecting various types of stresses (nutritional, water, nitrogen, etc.) in agricultural fields is critical for farmers to ensure maximum productivity. However, stresses show up in different shapes and sizes across different crop types and varieties. Hence, this is posed as an anomaly detection task in agricultural images. Accurate anomaly detection in agricultural UAV images is vital for early identification of field irregularities. Traditional supervised learning faces challenges in adapting to diverse anomalies, necessitating extensive annotated data. In this work, we overcome this limitation with self-supervised learning using a masked image modeling approach. Masked Autoencoders (MAE) extract meaningful normal features from unlabeled image samples which produces high reconstruction error for the abnormal pixels during reconstruction. To remove the need of using only "normal" data while training, we use an anomaly suppression loss mechanism that effectively minimizes the reconstruction of anomalous pixels and allows the model to learn anomalous areas without explicitly separating "normal" images for training. Evaluation on the Agriculture-vision data challenge shows a 6.3% mIOU score improvement in comparison to prior state of the art in unsupervised and self-supervised methods. A single model generalizes across all the anomaly categories in the Agri-vision Challenge Dataset [5].

关键词： Anomaly Detection computer vision Masked Image Modelling Precision Agriculture UAV Images

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DANICE: Domain adaptation without forgetting in neural image compression

DANICE: Domain adaptation without forgetting in neural image...

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IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Katakol, Sudeep Herranz, Luis Yang, Fei Mrak, Marta Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA UAB Comp Vis Ctr Barcelona Spain BBC R&D London England

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

Neural image compression (NIC) is a new coding paradigm where coding capabilities are captured by deep models learned from data. This data-driven nature enables new potential functionalities. In this paper, we study the adaptability of codecs to custom domains of interest. We show that NIC codecs are transferable and that they can be adapted with relatively few target domain images. However, naive adaptation interferes with the solution optimized for the original source domain, resulting in forgetting the original coding capabilities in that domain, and may even break the compatibility with previously encoded bitstreams. Addressing these problems, we propose Codec Adaptation without Forgetting (CAwF), a framework that can avoid these problems by adding a small amount of custom parameters, where the source codec remains embedded and unchanged during the adaptation process. Experiments demonstrate its effectiveness and provide useful insights on the characteristics of catastrophic interference in NIC.

关键词： Video coding computer vision Image coding Codecs conferences Transfer learning Interference

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