In recent years water shortage is becoming one of the major worldwide problem，which negatively affects the quality of human life and the industrial *** a consequence，water availability needs to be necessarily increa...
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In recent years water shortage is becoming one of the major worldwide problem，which negatively affects the quality of human life and the industrial *** a consequence，water availability needs to be necessarily increased through advanced water production and treatment *** technologies，such as RO，MF，UF and NF，are already dominant technologies in sea-and brackish-water desalination and waste water treatment and *** present，the most interesting developments for these industrial membrane technologies are related to the possibility of integrating different membrane operations in order：(i)to exploit the advantages due to the introduction of a specific membrane operation，(ii)to take advantages from the synerglc effects that Can be reached，and(iii)to improve the recovery factor of the water treatment plants，pointing tothe goal or marginal or zero brine production and-as a consequence-to the reduction of the environmental problems related to lts *** this logic，Membrane Crystallizer(MCr)emerges as an innovative process for the quasi-total recovery of the desalted water combined to solid salts production：an interesting possibility for utilizing the added value of the retentate streams usually discharged by the desalination plants，thus reducing brine disposal problem，producing valuable crystals and increasing plant recovery *** this work，MCr has been used for potable water production and crystals recovery from NF retentate stream of an integrated membrane process constituted by MF/MF/*** results of the experimental tests have been compared wlth the ones achieved through computer simulation in term of water and crystals *** results achieved through computer simulation and experimental tests show a good *** error less than 6％.
Boron removal is a significant Subject in seawater RO desalination field since World Health Organization(WHO)proposed the provisional guideline value to its concentration in drinking water because of the harmful prope...
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Boron removal is a significant Subject in seawater RO desalination field since World Health Organization(WHO)proposed the provisional guideline value to its concentration in drinking water because of the harmful property of boron to plants and ***，SWRO plants in the world adopt various processes to meet the guideline value，and the processes are mainly classified into two groups such as single—stage RO process and multi-stage *** order to develop the appropriate membranes for each *** have researched with a point on the solute transport mechanism in RO *** this study，some structural analyses were applied to polyamide composite RO membranes in order to investigate the relations between boron removal performance and structural parameters of RO *** to the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy(PALS)analyses with positron beam method，it was found that the actual pore sizes in RO membranes were in the range of 0.56-0.70 nm in diameter and had correlation with the boron rejection *** result suggests that the pore size is one of main factors to determine the boron removal performance of RO ***,the chemical structures of polyamide in R0 membranes were estimated by solid—state 13C—nuclear magnetic resonance (13C—NMR)spectroscopy *** dynamics simulations based on the estimated chemical structures showed that the calculated pore sizes in polyamide models were in the range of 0.6—0.8 nm in diameter,which is well agreed with the experimental result measured by the *** the basis of this *** has succeeded in developing new RO membrane elements which suit for each stage of SWRO process for boron removal by strictly controlling membrane structures.
Fouling Of MF and UF membranes in the filtration of the secondary effiuent of the waste water iS mainlycaused bV the high concentration organic matters in the feed *** order to solve this problem，the new innovativepo...
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Fouling Of MF and UF membranes in the filtration of the secondary effiuent of the waste water iS mainlycaused bV the high concentration organic matters in the feed *** order to solve this problem，the new innovativepoly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)hollow fiber UF membranes were *** series of membranes were developed by applying the thermally induced phase separation technology，which showed high chemical resistance and physical strength，and they enabled various physical and chemical cleaning for the stable operation for the wide ranges of feed water *** first，we have tested the the permeabilities and fouling properties of three PVDF hollow fiber membranes in order to correlate with their structures and pore *** selected one type of membranes named HFU withl50.000 dartons as the nominal molecular weight cut off size，because it showed the best anti-fouling ***，in order to achieve higher flux operation of the filtration process with *** was tried to apply the combination of the coagulation and improved Chemical Enhanced Backwashing(CEB)technique，which was much more effective than the conventional method. Firstly，the coagulation condition was focused，and then it was found out that the membrane cleaning efficiencies were related to the zeta potentials of coagulated flOC and the membrane surfaces，and the coagulation condition was optimized based on the monitoring of the zeta ***，the investigation was conducted for the improved Chemical Enhanced Backwashing(CEB)in order to remove more effectively the organic matters from membrane surface and inside Of the *** a result of the investigations *** HFU filtration process achieved the extremely higher flux 167 LMH (4.O m/d)than before(52～83 LMH[1.25～2.0 m/d])，Which could reduce the operational cost as well as the initial equipment *** major difficulty in the RO operation for WWR is the membrane fouling due to the chemical and biological *** w
In this article，the high performance Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)flat-sheet membrane bio-reactor (MBR)modules for small plant were *** features of these MBR modules are 1)Small height，less than 1500 mm.2)Maintenan...
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In this article，the high performance Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)flat-sheet membrane bio-reactor (MBR)modules for small plant were *** features of these MBR modules are 1)Small height，less than 1500 mm.2)Maintenance saving.3)Good filterability,which Can achieve the high net operating flux more than 0.75 m/day (=3l LMH)as net *** MF membrane specialized for MBR was *** MF membrane is made of PVDF with high chemical resistance and mechanical *** it has extremely porous and smooth surface with small and narrow size distribution to achieve high flux and the *** ***,we adopted the fine bubble diffuser for the efficient aeration of the membrane surface to save the maintenance and the operation cost for the additional biological *** on our field test *** was confirmed that the combination of the fine bubble aeration with using the fine bubble diffuser and the newly developed smooth MF membrane could prevent the sludge onto the membrane surface very *** MBR block structure was hydrodynamically optimized the circulation of aeration and water flow，which enabled the stable *** total height of this module could be reduced to 1，474mm，and MBR system could be operated at 1.700 nlin depth of water,which enabled MBR system to apply tO the small water treatment plant much ***，we examined this new MBR module at the pilot test for sewage treatment consisting of the anoxic unit and aerobic unit(with MBR module inside)in order to ensure the excellent MBR performance. As a result，the high membrane performance，which was remarkably high flux at 1.0 m/day(=42 LMH)and stable trans-membrane pressure(TMP)，less than 0.05 kPa/day increase，was *** could be concluded that the newly developed small height MBR modules combined with the smooth-surface membranes and the fine bubble diffusers achieved good performance were suitable for application to small water treatme
This technical paper presents the engineering，procurement，construction，commissioning，and operations of a new SWRO desalination plant in *** desalination plant is the world's first full-scale desalination plant...
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This technical paper presents the engineering，procurement，construction，commissioning，and operations of a new SWRO desalination plant in *** desalination plant is the world's first full-scale desalination plant to use large-diameter SWRO elements，and produces two customized grades of water for 10,000 m3/day of total production capacity：9,000 m3/day of high-grade service water，and 1,000 m3/day of domestic drinking *** desalination plant was delivered as an engineer-procure-construct(EPC)contract，with CH2M HILL as the EPC contractor and PowerSeraya Ltd as the asset *** desalination plant is located on the site of PowerSeraya's existing Pulau Seraya Power Station，a 3，000 MW power ***2M HILL took advantage of the power station’S existing infrastructure of cooling water *** outfalls，and onsite tankage to CO-site the new desalination plant at the power station，resulting in an estimated 25 percent savings in capital costs for new *** desalination plant is located on Jurong Island，a unique cluster of the major oil，petrochemical，and specialty chemical industries of *** desalination plant features Granular Media Filtration(GMF)pretreatment and a two-pass RO *** RO system was supplied by GrahamTek Singapore Pte Ltd，and is the first full-scale installation in the world using large-diameter RO elements..The GrahamTek RO technology uses 16-inch spiral wound RO elements，incorporated with a patented integrated flow distributor and electromagnetic field(EMF)*** GrahamTek RO technology claims advantages over conventional RO systems of：(a)capability to desalinate poorer raw water quality;(b)operation at higher fluxes and reduced footptints;and(C)reducing the likelihood of membrane scaling and need of chemical addition for scale control of sparingly soluble *** authors will present their experiences gained through the EPC，commissioning，and operations of this unique and innovative large-diameter SWRO pla
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