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CRB Analysis of the Impact of Unknown Receiver Noise on Phased array Calibration

CRB Analysis of the Impact of Unknown Receiver Noise on Phas...

引用

sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： S. van der Tol S.J. Wijnholds Department Electrical Engineering /DIMES Delft University of Technnology Delft Netherlands Research and Development Department ASTRON Dwingeloo Netherlands

In radio astronomy images are made of astronomical objects as they appear at radio frequencies using a technique called aperture synthesis. signals from several antennas are correlated and integrated over time. The data collected over several hours are further processed to calibrate the instrument and to form an image or intensity map. The calibration and imaging algorithms do not use the autocorrelations because the receiver noise is unstable and hence considered unknown. In literature the Cramer Rao bound for the calibration problem has been derived assuming that the autocorrelations are part of the available data. If the assumption is correct that the autocorrelations do not contain useful information when the receiver noise is unknown, than the CRB for the case that the autocorrelations are not part of the data will be the same. In this paper we will derive the CRB excluding the autocorrelations and show that it indeed does not matter whether the autocorrelations are included or not

关键词： Phased arrays Phase noise Calibration Autocorrelation Receivers Radio astronomy Radio frequency Apertures signal synthesis Instruments

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The array Geometry Design in Airborne Microwave 2-D Direction Finding

The Array Geometry Design in Airborne Microwave 2-D Directio...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Cheol-Sun Park Won Jang Dae-Young Kim EW Laboratory Agency for Defence Development South Korea Department of Information & Communication Engineering Chungnam National University South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

The resolving ambiguity of phase interferometer is necessary when the baseline separation between elements exceeds half wavelength since the phase difference between elements can only be measured modulo 2pi. It is difficult to meet the condition the minimum distance between two antennas is less than half wavelength for avoiding ambiguity in wideband operation. In this paper, we propose a simple and efficient array design method which minimizes the probability of ambiguity. This method adapts NLA (nonuniform linear array) geometry. And there is no need to maintain the distance between antennas less than half wavelength. We also show some numerical examples and experimental results of the 2-D array prototype for airborne application

关键词： Microwave antenna arrays Broadband antennas Antenna measurements Phase measurement Wavelength measurement Design methodology Adaptive arrays Linear antenna arrays Information geometry Prototypes

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Optical array Aspects of Computed Spectroscopy

Optical Array Aspects of Computed Spectroscopy

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： R.T. Hoctor F.W. Wheeler E.B. Barrett GE Global Research Niskayuna NY USA ATC Lockheed Martin Space Systems Sunnyvale CA USA

Computed spectroscopytrade (CS) is a new approach to hyperspectral imaging recently introduced by the authors (R.T. Hoctor et al., 2006). The CS technique uses an adjustable optical array, which can be considered to be a form of delay-and-sum passive beamformer. Adopting this point of view, such an array can be analyzed using the (difference) coarray (R.T. Hoctor and S.A. Kassam, 1990), and a previous publication by the present authors (R.T. Hoctor et al., 2006) features a brief coarray-based analysis. In the present paper we review the computed spectroscopy method, give a coarray-based analysis of the approach, show how numerical problems arise in the reconstruction of wavenumber spectra at low spatial frequencies and give a method for addressing these problems in the computation. Additionally, we discuss an improved approach to discretization of the image formation model

关键词： Optical arrays Optical computing Spectroscopy Hyperspectral imaging Optical sensors Image reconstruction Optical imaging Frequency conversion Optical interferometry Satellites

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Performance Analysis of Linear Predictive Super-Resolution processing for Antenna arrays

Performance Analysis of Linear Predictive Super-Resolution P...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Honglei Chen D. Kasilingam Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth MA USA

Many applications in array processing require a high resolution beamforming method. For example, spatial division multiple access (SDMA) has been proposed to achieve higher system capacity in wireless systems. Implicit in SDMA is the ability to adaptively generate narrow antenna beam patterns, which ensures the physical separation between users and minimizes multiple user interference. However, antenna theory requires large antenna apertures to generate narrow beam patterns. This paper discusses an adaptive algorithm for extrapolating measurements from a small antenna array to a much larger virtual array. The technique utilizes linear prediction (LP) methods to perform the extrapolation. A least mean square (LMS) based algorithm was used to estimate the LP coefficients. Since the algorithm is linear, it serves both as a direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimator and a matched filter for retrieving the transmitted signal. Other popular high-resolution algorithms such as MUSIC are inherently nonlinear and thus cannot be used on their own for retrieving signal information. The performance of this algorithm is studied with respect to interference suppression, noise and spatial resolution. It is shown that the HR filter representing the LP process has poles corresponding to the DoA of the signal. The resulting LP coefficients can eliminate the interference between signals from different transmitters. However, no improvement in noise performance is seen because the receiver noise couples into the extrapolation process when two transmitters are closely located. The extrapolation algorithm is compared with the LCMV algorithm and found to produce similar results

关键词： Linear antenna arrays Performance analysis Adaptive arrays Spatial resolution Extrapolation array signal processing Multiaccess communication Aperture antennas Antenna theory Antenna arrays

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Planar Spherical Diffraction-arrays: Linear Sound Localization Algorithms

Planar Spherical Diffraction-Arrays: Linear Sound Localizati...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： A.A. Handzel Watertown MA USA

Sound source localization systems typically measure differences in time-of-arrival between microphones in free field arrays. Using a different concept, we previously designed and built a localization system that mimics nature's solution of harnessing wave diffraction about the head while relying only on two sensors positioned antipodally. Departing from the biological constraint of two sensors, I recently showed that for broadband sources, a high acuity array could be designed with merely three microphones. Yet adding more microphones may further increase acuity and robustness. The localization algorithm we have developed uses pair-wise comparisons between microphones, the number of which increases quadratically with the number of microphones, N. In order to minimize calculations in time sensitive applications, choosing a subset of pairs may be important. I examine this issue here through simulations of a hexagonal array. Thanks to the redundancy of spatial information contained in multiple microphone measurements, algorithms that are linear in N allow high acuity localization of broadband sources

关键词： Acoustic diffraction Microphone arrays sensor arrays Acoustic sensors Frequency Biosensors sensor systems Robustness Ear Information security

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Toward Bandwidth Invariance of Spatial processing in the Non-Cooperative Receiver

Toward Bandwidth Invariance of Spatial Processing in the Non...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Arnab Shaw M. Jamali N. Wilkins Wright State University Dayton OH USA University of Toledo Toledo OH Air Force Research Laboratory OH

As the modern electro-magnetic environment in urban and battlefield scenarios becomes increasingly denser, system designers tend to gravitate toward wide bandwidth solutions. Not only do spread spectrum designs permit increased co-channel utilization, they also tend to be inherently more secure, decreasing the probability of intercept by non-cooperative receivers. This is in part due to the code that must be applied in order to modulate the information bandwidth into a much wider transmitted bandwidth. In addition the non-cooperative receiver must contend with issues of increased noise, decreased sensitivity, and increased signal processing resource requirements among others. The problem is further exacerbated for receivers that must perform emitter geo-location or other forms of spatial processing, since the conventional high-resolution techniques rely on phase measurements based on the monochromatic assumption. This paper will discuss some of the existing methods suggested to contend with wide bandwidth spatial processing for noncooperative receivers and their limitations. It will introduce a new method based on the bilinear transformation that overcomes some of these limitations. It will present simulation results that demonstrate the advantage of this technique

关键词： Bandwidth Wideband Narrowband Frequency estimation Computational modeling Hardware Parameter estimation Matrix decomposition Road transportation Force sensors

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A Probabilistic Graphical Model for Microphone array Source Separation using Rich Pre-Trained Source Models

A Probabilistic Graphical Model for Microphone Array Source ...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： H.T. Attias Golden Metallic Inc. San Francisco CA USA

Voice based computing applications, such as phone communication and speech recognition, use microphone arrays to capture voice from a human speaker. In many environments of interest, however, sounds from other sources interfere with the speaker's voice, posing severe problems for subsequent processing. This paper describes a new framework for treating this problem, and presents and demonstrates a new algorithm for the cancellation of interfering sounds. Our framework combines techniques from statistical machine learning with ideas from speech and audio processing. An important feature involves training rich probabilistic models on data from different types of relevant sound sources. Those source models are then incorporated into a larger probabilistic model of the observed microphone data. Using that model we derive our algorithm, which is of the expectation-maximization type and infers from data the clean sound of separate individual sources. We report very good results on data recorded in different environments

关键词： Microphone arrays Graphical models Source separation Loudspeakers Machine learning algorithms Computer applications Speech recognition Humans Machine learning Speech processing

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Efficient and Accurate Rectangular Window Subspace Tracking

Efficient and Accurate Rectangular Window Subspace Tracking

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： T.M. Toolan D.W. Tufts Department of Electrical Engineering University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA

In this paper, we describe a rectangular window subspace tracking algorithm, which tracks the r largest singular values and corresponding left singular vectors of a sequence of n times c matrices in O(nr 2 ) time. This algorithm is designed to track rapidly changing subspaces. It uses a rectangular window to include a finite number of approximately stationary data columns. This algorithm is based on the improved fast adaptive subspace tracking (IFAST) algorithm of Toolan and Tufts, but reforms the rth order eigendecomposition with an alternative method that takes advantage of matrix structure. This matrix is a special rank-six modification of a diagonal matrix, so its eigendecomposition can be determined with only a single O(r 3 ) matrix product to rotate its eigenvectors, and all other computation is O(r 2 ). Methods for implementing this algorithm in a numerically stable way are also discussed

关键词： Matrix decomposition sensor arrays Image sensors Algorithm design and analysis Functional analysis Image analysis Digital images Singular value decomposition Symmetric matrices

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sensor Scheduling using a 0-1 Mixed Integer Programming Framework

Sensor Scheduling using a 0-1 Mixed Integer Programming Fram...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： A.S. Chhetri D. Morrell A. Papandreou-Suppappola Department of Electrical Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA Department of Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA

In this paper, we propose a novel myopic sensor scheduling methodology for tracking a target moving through a network of energy-constrained acoustic sensors. Specifically, we address the problem of activating the minimum-energy combination of sensors in a network that maintains a desired squared-error accuracy in the target's position estimate. We first formulate the scheduling problem as a binary (0-1) nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. Using a linearization technique, we then convert the 0-1 NLP problem into a 0-1 mixed integer programming (MIP) problem. We solve the reformulated 0-1 MIP problem using a linear programming relaxation based branch-and-bound technique. We demonstrate through Monte Carlo simulations that our proposed MIP scheduling method is very computational efficient as we can find optimal solutions to scheduling problems involving 50-60 sensors with processing time in the order of seconds

关键词： Linear programming Processor scheduling Acoustic sensors Target tracking Costs Constraint optimization Linearization techniques Scheduling algorithm Acoustical engineering Power engineering and energy

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Wireless sensing of flow-induced vibrations for pipeline integrity monitoring

Wireless sensing of flow-induced vibrations for pipeline int...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： A. Awawdeh S.T.S. Bukkapatnam S.R.T. Kumara C. Bunting R. Komanduri Electrical Engineering Oklahoma State University USA PA USA Mechanical and AeroSpace Engineering Oklahoma State University USA

Modern societies rely on a steady flow of utilities including water and gas through pipelines. Third party interventions (e.g., sabotage), sediments buildup, effects of abnormal temperatures and sustained dynamic loading adversely affect the flow patterns. They oftentimes lead to blocks, leakage and catastrophic failures in the utility grids. Round-the-clock monitoring of the vast array of pipeline network has therefore become crucial. This paper investigates the application of an ad-hoc wireless network coupled with accelerometer sensors for non-invasive continuous monitoring of flow rate and other flow patterns in large pipeline networks. The sensors rely on tracking flow-induced vibrations to directly estimate the change in the flow rate, and thus provide a means for detection and early warning of integrity loss in pipeline infrastructure.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Pipelines Condition monitoring Vibrations Large-scale systems Aerodynamics sensor systems Accelerometers Fatigue Industrial engineering

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