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Combining transmit beamforming and orthogonal space-time block codes by utilizing side information

Combining transmit beamforming and orthogonal space-time blo...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Jöngren, G Skoglund, M Ottersten, B Royal Inst Technol SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Recently, efficient space-time codes have been developed that achieve a large portion of the capacity available in communication systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. These codes are designed under the assumption that the transmitter has no knowledge about the channel. In this work, on the other hand, we consider the case when the transmitter has partial, but not perfect, knowledge about the channel and how to improve the code so that this fact is taken into account. A transmit scheme is proposed that combines the benefits of conventional beamforming with those given by orthogonal space-time block codes. Simulation results using four transmit antennas demonstrate significant gains.

关键词： Antenna arrays array signal processing Block codes Fading Receiving antennas signal processing Space technology Space time codes Transmitters Transmitting antennas

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PC clusters for signal processing: An early prototype

PC clusters for signal processing: An early prototype

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Chapin, J Chiu, A Hu, R MIT Comp Sci Lab Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

A cluster of commodity personal computers (PCs) is an attractive platform for signal processing, especially for applications like sensor arrays where there is significant parallelism in the computation. This paper reports the results of experiments with several small cluster configurations to explore the opportunities and limitations of this approach. Experiments included uniprocessor and multiprocessor PCs, 100 MBit/sec and 1 Gbit/sec ethernet. All experiments were receive-only, starting from raw spectrum samples provided by a wideband A/D card, and all signal processing code ran as application processes on top of standard Linux. The applications used to drive the experiments were delay and sum beamforming and the simultaneous reception of multiple AMPS cellular channels. The currently standard PCI I/O bus (32 bits at 33 MHz) was the most significant bottleneck in the experiments. This suggests that the arrival of the next generation of commodity PCs, with faster I/O busses (such as 64-bit PCI at 66 MHz), may open the door to their use as a low-cost platform for a variety of low-end realtime signal processing applications.

关键词： Application software array signal processing Concurrent computing Ethernet networks Microcomputers Parallel processing Personal communication networks Prototypes sensor arrays signal processing

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Impact of wideband channel-to-channel mismatch on adaptive arrays

Impact of wideband channel-to-channel mismatch on adaptive a...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Aalfs, DD Holder, EJ Georgia Inst Technol Georgia Tech Res Inst Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

The wide waveform bandwidths desired for fine range resolution in current and future phased array radars have an impact on the performance of adaptive digital beamforming (ADBF) dale to the inevitable frequency response mismatches that occur from channel to channel across the band. In previous work, analytical expressions for the correlation between channels have been developed for a simple two element array with a sinusoidal ripple in either the amplitude or phase response in one of the channels. This paper extends those results to a more general model that allows larger arrays utilizing time delay steering to be modeled. Expressions are developed for the correlation between channels as a function of the parameters of the channel frequency responses. The performance of the adaptive beamformer is characterized with respect to SINE for waveforms that are flat over the bandwidth and for LFM waveforms processed using stretch processing.

关键词： Adaptive arrays Bandwidth Broadband antennas Delay effects Frequency response Jamming Phased arrays signal processing signal to noise ratio Wideband

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Optimal linear constraints and subspace adaptive filtering

Optimal linear constraints and subspace adaptive filtering

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Rabideau, DJ MIT Lincoln Lab Lexington MA 02420 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Linearly constrained adaptive filters can remove interference while preserving signals of interest. However, in many applications the interference and signals are distributed throughout a large space. In such cases, fully adaptive filtering is difficult to implement. Instead, data is typically partitioned into subspaces. Then, within each subspace, interference is cancelled. Finally, the resulting subspace signals are recombined. This procedure is used in many fields, such as wideband radar, sonar, communications, and radio astronomy {relevant techniques include subband adaptive beamforming/filtering, adaptive subarrays, Frequency Jump Burst processing, and Space-Time Adaptive processing}. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) quantify the performance associated with subspace adaptation, and (2) enumerate techniques to improve its performance. In particular, we formulate a new class of "optimal linear subspace constraints." The benefits of these techniques are quantified and compared.

关键词： Adaptive filters array signal processing Filtering Frequency Interference cancellation Interference constraints Radio astronomy Sonar Spaceborne radar Subspace constraints

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Effects of crossterms on the performance of time-frequency music

Effects of crossterms on the performance of time-frequency m...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Amin, MG Zhang, KM Villanova Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Villanova PA 19085 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Spatial time-frequency distributions (STFDs) have been recently introduced as the natural means to deal with source signals that are localizable in the time-frequency domain. It has been shown that improved estimates of the signal and noise subspaces are achieved by constructing the subspaces from the time-frequency signatures of the signal arrivals rather than from the data covariance matrices, which are commonly used in conventional subspace estimation methods. This paper discusses the application of STFD to high-resolution direction finding. We focus on both the role and the effect of crossterms in angle estimation when multiple time-frequency points are incorporated. Simulation examples are presented to compare the performance of joint block-diagonalization and time-frequency averaging techniques for incorporating multiple autoterm and crossterm points in subspace estimation.

关键词： Energy resolution Frequency estimation Multiple signal classification Noise robustness Performance analysis sensor arrays signal processing Spatial resolution Time frequency analysis Vectors

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Multi-stage adaptive signal processing algorithms

Multi-stage adaptive signal processing algorithms

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Kozat, SS Singer, AC Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

In this paper, we explore the use of multi-stage adaptation algorithms for a variety of adaptive filtering applications where the structure of the underlying process to be estimated is unknown. These algorithms are "multi-stage" in that they comprise multiple adaptive filtering algorithms that operate in parallel on the observation sequence, and adaptively combine the outputs of this first stage to form an overall signal estimate. Several examples of this class of algorithms are demonstrated and analyzed in both a deterministic and stochastic context with respect to their convergence and mean squared error. The first example of this class, a "universal" linear predictor, was recently introduced and shown to asymptotically achieve the performance of the best linear predictor for each sequence, (up to some maximal order). Two new algorithms have been developed that generalize this universal linear predictor, and explore the use of the LMS algorithm in each stage of adaptation. Each of these algorithms are compared through theoretical analysis of their behavior.

关键词： Adaptive filters Adaptive signal processing Algorithm design and analysis Convergence Data compression Filtering algorithms Least squares approximation Machine learning algorithms Resonance light scattering signal processing algorithms

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Nearfield spot-beamforming with distributed arrays

Nearfield spot-beamforming with distributed arrays

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Flaig, A Arce, GR Univ Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

The concept of spot-beamforming with distributed arrays (DAs) is introduced. DAs are array-source configurations whose array elements are spatially dispersed submerging the sources in the nearfield of the array, where they can be distinguished not only by their angular but also by their range signature. The resulting enhanced spatial discrimination capabilities reflected in a beampattern characterized by spot-like mainlobes lend DAs optimality properties. A gradient based algorithm for the joint optimization of the array geometry and the shading coefficients of a narrowband spot-beamformer in a stationary multiple source system is derived, and its convergence and performance are discussed. An important subclass of DAs, namely distributed linear arrays are introduced. This class is of practical significance and has the important property of being ambiguity-free in the limit for high SNR. For DAs with an arbitrary geometry, which can suffer from spatial aliasing, a set description of the ambiguities is given.

关键词： near-field spot-beamforming distributed arrays optimal array geometries gain resolution ambiguity

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array processing estimation of non-linearly superimposed acoustic waves

Array processing estimation of non-linearly superimposed aco...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Piñero, G Vergara, L Univ Politecn Valencia Dept Comunicac Valencia 46022 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Acoustic pressure waves are non-linearly superimposed when a periodic gas flow is perturbing the propagating medium as' it arises in car exhaust systems. la such an environment, the application of standard beamforming techniques to the estimation of the forward and backward waves needs a previous reformulation to establish a linear superposition model, In this paper a new linearization method for the superposition of waves is proposed and compared to the classical assumption of linear pressure superposition, Moreover, a new problem formulation including the noise corruption of source waves is presented, In both new and classical linear contexts, three different beamformers - Delay-and-Sum (DS), Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) and Minimum mum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) - have been applied to numerical data generated by a thermodynamics modeling software. Results have shown that the new linearization method improves the backward wave estimation error in almost 3 dB for typical experiment conditions (few sensors and moderate signal-to-noise ratio).

关键词： Acoustic propagation Acoustic waves array signal processing Context modeling Estimation error Exhaust systems Fluid flow Nonlinear acoustics signal to noise ratio Thermodynamics

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The global matched filter: Application to DOA estimation with an uniform circular array

The global matched filter: Application to DOA estimation wit...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Fuchs, JJ Univ Rennes 1 IRISA F-35042 Rennes France

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

The problem of estimating the direction of arrivals (DOA's) of narrow-band sources impinging on a uniform circular array is considered. We present a method that uses as input the values of a small number of uniformly spaced beams and apply a model-fitting approach taking into account the statistical properties of the beams. The approach called the "global matched filter" fits simultaneously to the observations all the elements from a given dictionary needed to explain them. It chooses among all the so-obtained representations satisfying a given physically appealing constraint the one with minimal energy. This representation is in general quite sparse. The method drastically improves upon the conventional beamformer and has performance comparable to the best high resolution techniques. It further applies when the number of sources exceeds the number of sensors, a situation that cannot be handled by standard high resolution techniques.

关键词： Apertures Dictionaries Direction of arrival estimation Energy resolution Matched filters Mobile communication Narrowband Radar applications sensor arrays Sonar applications

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Subband STAP in wideband radar systems

Subband STAP in wideband radar systems

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Hoffman, A Kogon, SM MIT Lincoln Lab Lexington MA 02420 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

The detection of moving targets, both airborne and groundbased is enabled by ground clutter mitigation using space-time adaptive processing (STAP). As technological advances make it possible to perform wide bandwidth processing and future systems require high resolution for target identification, the need has arisen for the effective implementation of wideband STAP In order to prevent the deleterious effects of dispersion for wideband systems, STAP is performed in subbands, which is also computationally more efficient than full bandwidth STAP. The separate, independent adaptive processing in the individual subbands, however, introduces complications that must be addressed in order to maintain desired performance. These issues are unique to subband STAP namely, target Doppler dispersion across subbands and range sidelobe levels following subband recombination. In each case, we identify, the cause of the problem and propose an effective solution. Throughout this paper, we focus on practical solutions that are tractable and do not require an inordinate amount of computation.

关键词： Bandwidth Clutter Dispersion Doppler radar Frequency Radar detection Radar signal processing sensor arrays signal processing Wideband

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