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A clustering approach to multi-source localization in reverberant rooms

A clustering approach to multi-source localization in reverb...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Di Claudio, ED Parisi, R Orlandi, G Univ Roma La Sapienza INFOCOM Dpt I-00184 Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Localization of acoustic sources in the presence of reverberation is still a challenging task in audio signal processing. As a matter of fact, commonly adopted models are not adequate to describe real scenarios. Moreover, practical systems should not employ sophisticated and expensive architectures, that require precise synchronization and fast data shuffling among sensors. This work describes a new robust multi-step procedure for speaker localization in reverberant rooms. The proposed approach is based on a disturbed harmonics model of time delays in the frequency domain and employs the well-known ROOT-MUSIC algorithm, after a proper pre-processing of the received signals. Final clustering of raw TDOA estimates gives candidate source positions. Among the appealing features of the proposed approach are the capability of tracking multiple speakers simultaneously and the high accuracy of the closed form TDOA estimator.

关键词： Acoustic sensors Acoustic signal processing Clustering algorithms Delay effects Frequency domain analysis Frequency synchronization Reverberation Robustness sensor systems signal processing algorithms

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sensor arrays for improved instrumental landing systems

Sensor arrays for improved instrumental landing systems

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Barbieri, GGM Di Claudio, ED Parisi, R Univ Rome La Sapienza Dept Info Com I-00184 Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

The importance of air transportation in everyday's life has increased dramatically in the last few years. Among the consequences of the growing demand for air-related services, the need of assuring an exact and timely flight arrival has become a crucial factor, both for safety and economical reasons. At the same time, broadcasting antennas, radio links and cellular telephone basis stations demand continuously increasing spaces around airports, representing a source of disturbing interferences for radio-navigation systems. In this paper, an improved Instrumental Landing System (ILS) receiver based on array processing concepts is proposed for safer automatic landing procedures. The new approach is based on Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation performed by the UN-MUSIC algorithm. The superior performance of the proposed system with respect to currently employed techniques in the presence of unwanted interferences has been tested in extensive computer simulations.

关键词： Aerospace safety Air safety Air transportation Direction of arrival estimation Instruments Interference Radio broadcasting Radio link sensor arrays sensor systems

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Matched field processing for CDMA communication systems in a multipath channel

Matched field processing for CDMA communication systems in a...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Abraham, DA Gingras, DF Penn State Univ Appl Res Lab State Coll PA 16804 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Performance in DS-CDMA systems suffers in multipath channels. Some performance is recoverable through the use of a rake receiver when the path delays are separated by more than a chip duration and may be estimated However, this technique fails when the path delay differences are less than a chip duration, In this difficult situation it ics proposed that a technique called matched field processing (MFP) be applied. In MFP, a propagation model is assumed and used to represent the channel between the mobile and the base station. The channel model parameters can be estimated from the data and then used to form a receiver to estimate the transmitted data. This paper presents and analyzes an MFP based receiver for a DS-CDMA system with a base station comprised of an array of antennas.

关键词： Acoustic propagation Antenna arrays Base stations Delay estimation Electromagnetic propagation Fading Multiaccess communication Multipath channels Parameter estimation RAKE receivers

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Cramer-Rao bounds for estimating range, velocity, and direction with a sensor array

Cramer-Rao bounds for estimating range, velocity, and direct...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Dogandzic, A Nehorai, A Univ Illinois EECS Dept MC154 Chicago IL 60607 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

We derive Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) expressions for the range (time delay), velocity (Doppler shift), and direction of a point target using an active radar or sonar array. The CRB expressions are derived for an arbitrary signal waveform and a noise model that allows both spatial and temporal correlation. We discuss the relationship between the CRB and ambiguity function for this model. Then, we simplify the CRB for the cases of temporally or spatially uncorrelated noise. We compute the CRB for a 3-dimensional array with isotropic sensors in spatially uncorrelated noise and show that it is a function of the array geometry only through the "moments of inertia" of the array. The volume of the confidence region for the target's location is proposed as a measure of accuracy. For this measure, we show that the highest (and lowest) target location accuracy is achieved if the target lies along one of the principal axes of inertia of the array.

关键词： Antenna arrays Baseband Delay effects Delay estimation Doppler radar Doppler shift Radar antennas sensor arrays Sonar Volume measurement

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Space-time polarization signaling for wireless communications

Space-time polarization signaling for wireless communication...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Onggosanusi, EN Van Veen, BD Sayeed, AM Univ Wisconsin Dept Elect & Comp Engn Madison WI 53706 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

A polarization-based spread-spectrum spatio-temporal signaling scheme is proposed in this paper for transmitters consisting of an array of vector radiators. Each vector radiator consists of two closely spaced perpendicular antennas and each antenna is assigned a unique signature sequence. At the receiver, all three electric field components of the scattered signal are measured using an array of vector sensors. Each vector sensor consists of three closely spaced perpendicular antennas. The proposed polarization signaling scheme is cast in the framework of a general multiple antenna system. The distinguishing feature of polarization signaling lies within the resulting channel statistics. In particular, polarization signaling can be exploited to achieve diversity gain using less physical space than conventional antenna array approaches. We identify the key parameters controlling system performance and evaluate the relative advantages of polarization signaling under constraints of aperture size and number of antenna elements for given spatial scattering statistics.

关键词： Antenna measurements Diversity methods Electric variables measurement Polarization Scattering sensor arrays Spread spectrum communication Statistics Transmitters Wireless communication

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Downlink capacity enhancement by employing SDMA in GSM

Downlink capacity enhancement by employing SDMA in GSM

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Alexiou, A Yan, RH Bell Labs Lucent Technol Global Wireless Syst Res Swindon SN5 7YT Wilts England

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

In this paper we investigate the downlink capacity enhancement in GSM by employing an antenna array at the base station. The Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) approach allows multiple users to be served on the same frequency and timeslot. The proposed two-dimensional channel model reflects a realistic spatiotemporal scenario of scatterers and is compatible with GSM specifications. The downlink beamforming scheme employed, based on the estimation of spatial covariance matrices, maximises the average carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR), but may suffer from the non-observability of the downlink channel in FDD. To overcome this problem, a frequency transposition technique is used to approximate the downlink from the uplink channel second order statistics. Furthermore, in order to ensure that CIR for each user is kept above a required level and to optimise the trade-off between capacity and CIR performance, two spatial channel allocation strategies are applied. The resulting capacity enhancement is evaluated via simulations in terms of several system parameters.

关键词： Antenna arrays array signal processing Base stations Covariance matrix Downlink Frequency conversion GSM Multiaccess communication Scattering Statistics

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A parametric spatio-temporal channel estimation technique for FDD UMTS uplink

A parametric spatio-temporal channel estimation technique fo...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Chenu-Tournier, M Chevalier, P Barbot, JP Thomson CSF Commun BSR TBRTSI F-92231 Gennevilliers France

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Many multi-user receivers have been developed these last years to mitigate the effects of both multi-paths and interferences in CDMA radiocommunication networks. However;despite of these works, very few papers have been devoted to the implementation of these receivers and, more precisely to the channel estimation problem in both multi-user and FDD UMTS context. Assuming specular propagation channels and a multi-sensor receiver the purpose of this paper is to present a parametric technique for the joint estimation of the delays and angles of arrival of the propagation channels between each user and the array of sensor for the FDD UMTS uplink. The quality of the latter are then evaluated through mean square error (MSE) computations and bit error rates (BER) after demodulation at the output of two receivers (2D-RAKE and Decorrelator receiver) adapted to the FDD UMTS uplink.

关键词： 3G mobile communication Bit error rate Channel estimation Delay estimation Demodulation Interference Mean square error methods Multiaccess communication Propagation delay sensor arrays

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Turning point filters

Turning point filters

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Dzieciuch, M Worcester, P Munk, W Univ Calif San Diego Scripps Inst Oceanog La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Modal group delays in ocean acoustics are a potential observable, but their interpretation is ambiguous for signals with sufficient bandwidth for the inherent modal frequency dispersion to be significant. An inability to use the late-arriving energy in an inverse solution for ocean properties motivates this paper. We describe an alternate approach based on the WKBJ approximation for extracting observables from the final crescendo. We have called this approach a turning point filter. The turning point filter offers a unified approach to underwater acoustics, joining what are often two disparate schools of thought, rays and modes. The turning-point filter is an intermediate step between linear beamforming and a full matched field processor. Linear beamforming requires knowledge of the sound speed at the center of the receiving array to extract ray travel-times. Matched field processing attempts to match a measured arrival pattern with a hypothesized arrival pattern, by adjusting the entire sound-speed field between the source and receiver. Turning-point filtering only requires the sound-speed profile across the aperture of the receiving array to extract robust observable peaks. © 2000 ieee.

关键词： array signal processing Bandwidth Delay Educational institutions Filters Frequency Oceans Pattern matching Turning Underwater acoustics

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Blind source separation using higher-order time-frequency representations

Blind source separation using higher-order time-frequency re...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Kamran, ZM Leyman, AR Abed-Meraim, K Nanyang Technol Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Singapore 639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

In this paper, a novel blind separation approach using higher-order time-frequency distributions is presented. The concept of higher-order time-frequency distribution matrix is also introduced. It is devised to primarily separate sources with temporal nonstationary signal characteristics. So far, this problem has been solved using statistical information available on the source signals. In contrast to well known blind source separation approaches using second-order statistics (SOS) and/or higher-order statistics (HOS) which rely on stationarity properties of the signals, the proposed approach allows separation of the sources with nonstationarity properties. In addition, the effect of spreading the noise power while localizing of the source energy in the time-frequency domain amounts to increasing the signal to noise ratio. A computationally feasible implementation is presented based on joint diagonalization of the matrices of the principal slices of the time-multifrequency domain of support of the cumulant-based Wigner trispectrums. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Additive noise array signal processing Biomedical signal processing Blind source separation Narrowband sensor arrays signal processing algorithms signal to noise ratio Source separation Time frequency analysis

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Adaptive processing to correct for organ motion artifacts in X-ray CT medical imaging systems

Adaptive processing to correct for organ motion artifacts in...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Dhanantwari, AC Stergiopoulos, S Def & Civil Inst Environm Med Toronto ON M3M 3B9 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

X-ray CT scanners provide images of transverse cross sections of the human body from a large number of projections. During the data acquisition process, which usually takes about one second, motion such as respiration, cardiac motion and patient restlessness produce artifacts that appear as blurring in the reconstructed images and may lead to inaccurate diagnosis. This paper proposes a motion correction method that makes no assumptions about the properties of the motion. The approach uses a spatial overlap correlator (SOC) scheme to track organ motion in computed tomography (CT) imaging systems. An adaptive interference cancellation (AIC) algorithm is then used to correct for organ-motion artifacts. Synthetic data tests demonstrate the validity of this approach.

关键词： Adaptive systems Computed tomography Correlators Data acquisition Humans Image reconstruction Interference cancellation Testing Tracking X-ray imaging

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