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Passive range estimation and range rate detection

Passive range estimation and range rate detection

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Jeffers, R Breed, B Gallemore, B Digital Syst Resources Inc Fairfax VA 22033 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

The problem of interest is rapidly closing object (e.g a torpedo) emitting broadband and narrowband acoustic signatures. A high negative range rate is indicative of a torpedo threat, and good range-bearing estimates provide good target localization. A linear, towed hydrophone array is used as a receiver, and in many cases the received signals will display high signal-to-noise ratio. It is desirable to detect at ranges greater than the nearfield range of the array. High-resolution range-bearing estimators have been developed using narrowband signatures and broadband signatures. The range difference to the target across an array causes target signals to display a wave-front curvature. Range estimation is based on wave-front curvature determination using a matched-filtering post beamformer approach. First a target is selected for range estimation in which a subset of beams is chosen for sector inverse beamforming. Curvature pattern replicas over range and bearing are computed and used in a Capon Form beamformer. Simulations and experiments with in-water data compare algorithm performance to a derived benchmark. In addition, a cepstrum-based range rate indicator was demonstrated using experimental data displaying multipath propagation (Lloyd mirror).

关键词： Acoustic beams Acoustic emission Acoustic signal detection array signal processing Computational modeling Displays Mirrors Narrowband signal to noise ratio Sonar equipment

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The time-reversal technique re-interpreted: Subspace-based signal processing for multi-static target location

The time-reversal technique re-interpreted: Subspace-based s...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Lev-Ari, H Devaney, AJ Northeastern Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Boston MA 02115 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

The time-reversal field processing technique for active remote sensing is re-interpreted in the conceptual framework of subspace-based signal processing. Although both of these subjects have a long and extensive history, we believe that our work is the first to relate these two rather different signal processing approaches. The concept at the heart of both approaches is the multi-static Frequency Response Matrix (FRM) of the active antenna array. It is a function of array/scatterer geometry (via a suitable Green function) and of the scatterers' reflection coefficients. The time-reversal technique locates the most reflective target by determining the largest singular value of the FRM and the corresponding (right) singular vector. Consequently, it performs well only when the scatterers are "well-resolved," i.e., when the Green function vectors used in forming the FRM are approximately orthogonal to each other. In contrast, we show that subspace based signal processing can be successfully used even when the targets are not "well-resolved.'' Moreover, the performance of our subspace-based schemes can be further enhanced by using wideband signals and combining FRM information from multiple frequencies. The coupling of time-reversal field. processing with subspace methods leads to a powerful approach for locating targets under arbitrary wave-propagation conditions (both near-field and far-field), including arbitrary non-homogeneous media and arbitrary geometries.

关键词： Antenna arrays array signal processing Frequency response Geometry Green function Heart History Remote sensing Scattering signal processing

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Second-order statistics blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization for antenna array-based wireless communications systems

Second-order statistics blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization ...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Luo, H Liu, RW AT&T Labs Res Red Bank NJ 07701 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

A theoretic framework on blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization by use of SOS (second-order statistics) is established in this paper. First, a sufficient condition is given on the autocorrelations of source signals. Under this condition, it is guaranteed that an MIMO-FIR channel is equalized up to some scalar factors and some delays if, and only if, some SOS of composite output signals are the same as that of source signals. Subsequently, the concept of pre-filters are introduced to convert white sources, which don't satisfy this sufficient condition, into color ones that do satisfy it. Based on the sufficient condition and the pre-filters, a set of theorems are developed for blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization, which only use the SOS of the received signals. At last, a computer simulation is conducted to verify this theory. The theory and methods can be applied to antenna array-based wireless communications systems for high bandwidth efficiency.

关键词： Antenna arrays Antenna theory Autocorrelation Bandwidth Blind equalizers Computer simulation Delay Statistics Sufficient conditions Wireless communication

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Time-frequency matched field processing for time varying sources

Time-frequency matched field processing for time varying sou...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Dizaji, RM Chapman, NB Kirlin, RL Univ Victoria Sch Earth & Ocean Sci Dept Elect & Comp Engn Victoria BC V8W 3P6 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Deterministic broadband time-varying pulses such as chirp signals are widely used in seismic applications to determine the layering structure of the earth. Various broadband matched field processors (MFP) which have been already developed for use in inversion [1,2] rely on only their frequency distribution so their performance fail in the presence of similar powerful broadband correlated noises. Because chirp and other deterministic time-varying signals have distinct signatures in time-frequency space, we have introduced a cross relation based MFP in time-frequency space that incorporates these signatures in the processing to counter the effect of broadband correlated noises in the received data. Additionally, white noise can be removed by using a Cross-cross relation (CCR) time-frequency (TF)-MFP that contains only cross components of the received signals in its structure. We demonstrate the advantages of this process over the conventional MFPs to date.

关键词： Acoustic measurements Acoustic sensors Equations Oceans Sea measurements sensor arrays signal processing Time frequency analysis Transfer functions White noise

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Data-supported optimization for maximum likelihood DOA estimation

Data-supported optimization for maximum likelihood DOA estim...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Gershman, AB Stoica, P McMaster Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Commun Res Lab Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

We introduce a new conceptually simple and computationally effective solution to the maximum likelihood (ML) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem that consists of maximizing the likelihood function (LF) over a set of points derived from the data. Two different data-supported optimization (DSO) based techniques are formulated. which use the data-supported grid points obtained by means of ESPRIT-like and root-MUSIC-like methods, respectively. The first technique is shown to be the method of choice in the short sample size case, whereas the second technique is applicable to situations where the number of snapshots is large. We show that the data-supported grid search of the LF provides the performance similar to that achieved by the genetic algorithm (GA), but at a significantly lower computational cost.

关键词： Computational efficiency Control systems Councils Direction of arrival estimation Frequency estimation Genetic algorithms Information technology Maximum likelihood estimation Optimization methods signal processing algorithms

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Statistical performance of the MVDR beamformer in the presence of diagonal loading

Statistical performance of the MVDR beamformer in the presen...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Fertig, LB MIT Lincoln Lab Lexington MA 02173 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

New results are derived that describe the statistical performance of the MVDR (minimum variance distortionless response) adaptive beamformer when the weights are computed utilizing the sample covariance matrix and diagonal loading. It is well known that undesirably high sidelobes are generated when the unaugmented sample covariance matrix is used as an estimate of the true covariance matrix in adaptive beamforming algorithms. In practice, diagonal loading is frequently employed to reduce this deleterious effect. However, surprisingly little information is available in the technical literature that enables the user to predict the statistical performance of the MVDR algorithm when the sample covariance matrix and diagonal loading are employed. We help fill this gap by generating an approximate probability density function for the adaptive beam response for the diagonally loaded MVDR algorithm. The approximations are valid for an important class of signal scenarios. The utility of the new analysis is demonstrated via simulation. In particular, the new results are used to estimate the probability density function of the range sidelobe level for a wideband radar system in which adaptive beamforming and pulse compression are implemented in subbands.

关键词： Adaptive arrays Adaptive systems Analytical models array signal processing Covariance matrix Interference Laboratories Phased arrays Probability density function Radar

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Space-time adaptive processing for over-the-horizon spread-Doppler clutter mitigation

Space-time adaptive processing for over-the-horizon spread-D...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Kraut, S Harmanci, K Krolik, J Duke Univ Dept ECE Durham NC 27708 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

We address the problem of mitigating spread-Doppler distortion in over-the-horizon (OTH) HF radar returns, caused by motion of electron density irregularities in the ionosphere. For targets with significant radial velocity, discrimination from surface clutter is possible in Doppler space. However, this scheme breaks down in the presence of moving perturbations in the refracting ionosphere,,which can cause Doppler spreading of the surface clutter ridge, limiting detection performance. These ionospheric;irregularities should be highly correlated in the direction of geomagnetic field lines. We exploit this correlation across range by using neighboring range cells to estimate the spread-Doppler clutter (SDC) in the range cell of interest, and to selectively suppress this clutter, thereby increasing target visibility. For targets directly obscured in Doppler by clatter, we enhance target visibility by employing a single additional spatial channel to act as a sidelobe canceler on the main beam.

关键词： Diffraction Doppler radar Doppler shift Electrons Frequency Hafnium Ionosphere Magnetic fields Radar clutter Transmitters

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Airborne phased array radar: Clutter and jamming suppression and moving target detection and feature extraction

Airborne phased array radar: Clutter and jamming suppression...

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Li, J Liu, GQ Jiang, NZ Stoica, P Univ Florida Dept Elect & Comp Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

We study the clutter and jamming suppression and moving target detection and feature extraction for airborne phased array radars. For the Low Range Resolution (LRR) case, we use a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) filtering technique for clutter suppression and compare it to the Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA) processing technique in the presence of various system errors. For the High Range Resolution (HRR) case, we first show how to use the VAR filter to suppress the ground clutter. We divide the HRR range profiles into LRR segments to avoid the range migration problems that occur in the HRR radar data. Since each LRR segment contains a sequence of HRR range bins, no loss of resolution occurs due to the division. We then propose new algorithms for moving target detection and super resolution feature extraction. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： Airborne radar Feature extraction Filtering Filters Jamming Object detection Phased arrays Radar antennas Radar clutter Reactive power

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Early experimental results for a large-aperture microphone-array system

Early experimental results for a large-aperture microphone-a...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Silverman, HF Patterson, WR Sachar, JM Brown Univ Div Engn LEMS Providence RI 02912 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

Microphone arrays offer a potential solution to the important problem of obtaining high-quality sound pick-up from remote acoustic sources. Most reported results for microphone array technology have been theoretical, proposed algorithms with predicted performance, or based on ideal or near-ideal simulations of microphonearray systems and room environments. Previous work that is based on real data has usually been for a small number of microphones. In this paper, for the first time, measured results for a large number of microphones, 256, in a large-aperture, real-time, all DSP system are reported. The array system is mounted in a moderate-sized (8Mx8M) room with a significant reverberation time. While listeners to the locationing/tracking/beamforming system claim to hear near-close-talking microphone performance when the system acquires a talker, our measured results of the real-time system indicate that a true 9dB separation of a source from other sources in the room has been achieved and that reverberant effects have been significantly reduced. This level of isolation is maintained at all locations throughout the room. In addition to reporting these early performance measures, this paper discusses the nuances of the real-time algorithms, the latency in such systems, and introduces some of the issues of making real-time, real-room measurements.

关键词： Acoustic arrays array signal processing Delay Digital signal processing Microphone arrays Prediction algorithms Predictive models Real time systems Reverberation Time measurement

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Beamforming, Doppler compensation, and differential space-time coding

Beamforming, Doppler compensation, and differential space-ti...

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1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Ingram, MA Li, KH Nguyen, AV Pratt, T Georgia Inst Technol Sch Elect & Comp Engn Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

We consider the design of two beams, formed at the base station, that will serve as the two channels for differential space-time block coding in a high-mobility outdoor scenario. The mobile is assumed to have one omnidirectional antenna. In one approach, we consider selecting, assuming no interference, the two most powerful beams produced by an RF beamformer. In the other approach, we make a compromise between power and Doppler spectrum partitioning. One channel is a beam that points directly at the mobile. The other beam is the difference of left and right beams, symmetric about the mobile. These left and right beams are Doppler compensated prior to forming their difference. Using computer simulation, we find that selecting beams based on power is more effective than selecting beams based on Doppler partitioning. We also find that using the two most powerful beams formed from eight antenna elements yields 7 dB and 8 dB SNR improvements, at 1.9 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively, relative to spatial diversity with two omnidirectional antennas.

关键词： array signal processing Azimuth Base stations Block codes Chebyshev approximation Design engineering Diversity reception Downlink Mobile antennas Space technology

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