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PC clusters for signal processing: an early prototype

PC clusters for signal processing: an early prototype

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： J. Chapin A. Chiu R. Hu MIT Laboratory for Computer Science Cambridge MA USA Vanu Inc. Somerville MA USA

A cluster of commodity personal computers (PCs) is an attractive platform for signal processing, especially for applications like sensor arrays where there is significant parallelism in the computation. This paper reports the results of experiments with several small cluster configurations to explore the opportunities and limitations of this approach. Experiments included uniprocessor and multiprocessor PCs, 100 Mbit/sec and 1 Gbit/sec Ethernet. All experiments were receive-only, starting from raw spectrum samples provided by a wideband A/D card, and all signal processing code ran as application processes on top of standard Linux. The applications used to drive the experiments were delay and sum beamforming and the simultaneous reception of multiple AMPS cellular channels. The current standard PCI I/O bus (32 bits at 33 MHz) was the most significant bottleneck in the experiments. This suggests that the arrival of the next generation of commodity PCs, with faster I/O busses (such as 64-bit PCI at 66 MHz), may open the door to their use as a low-cost platform for a variety of low-end real-time signal processing applications.

关键词： signal processing Prototypes array signal processing Personal communication networks sensor arrays Microcomputers Application software Parallel processing Concurrent computing Ethernet networks

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A clustering approach to multi-source localization in reverberant rooms

A clustering approach to multi-source localization in reverb...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： E.D. Di Claudio R. Parisi G. Orlandi INFOCOIU Dpt Universita Roma La Sapienza Rome Italy

Localization of acoustic sources in the presence of reverberation is still a challenging task in audio signal processing. As a matter of fact, commonly adopted models are not adequate to describe real scenarios. Moreover, practical systems should not employ sophisticated and expensive architectures, that require precise synchronization and fast data shuffling among sensors. This work describes a new robust multi-step procedure for speaker localization in reverberant rooms. The proposed approach is based on a disturbed harmonics model of time delays in the frequency domain and employs the well-known ROOT-MUSIC algorithm, after a proper pre-processing of the received signals. Final clustering of raw TDOA estimates gives candidate source positions. Among the appealing features of the proposed approach are the capability of tracking multiple speakers simultaneously and the high accuracy of the closed form TDOA estimator.

关键词： Reverberation Acoustic signal processing Frequency synchronization sensor systems Acoustic sensors Robustness Delay effects Frequency domain analysis Clustering algorithms signal processing algorithms

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Subband STAP in wideband radar systems

Subband STAP in wideband radar systems

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： A. Hoffman S.M. Kogon MIT Lincoln Laboratories Lexington MA USA

The detection of moving targets, both airborne and ground-based, is enabled by ground clutter mitigation using space-time adaptive processing (STAP). As technological advances make it possible to perform wide bandwidth processing and future systems require high resolution for target identification, the need has arisen for the effective implementation of wideband STAP. In order to prevent the deleterious effects of dispersion for wideband systems, STAP is performed in subbands, which is also computationally more efficient than full bandwidth STAP. The separate, independent adaptive processing in the individual subbands, however, introduces complications that must be addressed in order to maintain desired performance. These issues are unique to subband STAP, namely, target Doppler dispersion across subbands and range sidelobe levels following subband recombination. In each case, we identify the cause of the problem and propose an effective solution. Throughout this paper, we focus on practical solutions that are tractable and do not require an inordinate amount of computation.

关键词： Doppler radar Clutter Bandwidth Radar detection sensor arrays Frequency signal processing Wideband Dispersion Radar signal processing

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Interferometric imaging of a rotating sphere using synthetic aperture techniques

Interferometric imaging of a rotating sphere using synthetic...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： D.W. Ricken D.R. Fuhrmann Dept. of Electr. Eng. Washington Univ. St. Louis MO USA Electronic Systems and Signals Research Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Washington University of Saint Louis Saint Louis CO USA

Interferometry has been used for decades to image distant electromagnetic sources at long wavelengths. However, the long data collection intervals have prevented imaging rotating objects such as planets. We show that one can craft an interferometric imaging algorithm using synthetic aperture beamforming techniques by linear beamforming in the correlation domain data rather than the signal-domain data. We then use this analogy to show how it is possible to create previously unrealized interferometric images of a rotating spherical blackbody.

关键词： Correlators Band pass filters Radio astronomy Laboratories Radio interferometry array signal processing Directive antennas Frequency Antenna arrays Jupiter

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Impact of wideband channel-to-channel mismatch on adaptive arrays

Impact of wideband channel-to-channel mismatch on adaptive a...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： D.D. Aalfs E.J. Holder Georgia Tech Research Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

The wide waveform bandwidths desired for fine range resolution in current and future phased array radars have an impact on the performance of adaptive digital beamforming (ADBF) due to the inevitable frequency response mismatches that occur from channel to channel across the band. In previous work, analytical expressions for the correlation between channels have been developed for a simple two element array with a sinusoidal ripple in either the amplitude or phase response in one of the channels. This paper extends those results to a more general model that allows larger arrays utilizing time delay steering to be modeled. Expressions are developed for the correlation between channels as a function of the parameters of the channel frequency responses. The performance of the adaptive beamformer is characterized with respect to the SINR for waveforms that are flat over the bandwidth and for LFM waveforms processed using stretch processing.

关键词： Wideband Adaptive arrays Phased arrays Bandwidth signal to noise ratio Delay effects Broadband antennas Frequency response Jamming signal processing

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Multi-stage adaptive signal processing algorithms

Multi-stage adaptive signal processing algorithms

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： S.S. Kozat A.C. Singer University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign IL USA

In this paper, we explore the use of multi-stage adaptation algorithms for a variety of adaptive filtering applications where the structure of the underlying process to be estimated is unknown. These algorithms are "multi-stage" in that they comprise multiple adaptive filtering algorithms that operate in parallel on the observation sequence, and adaptively combine the outputs of this first stage to form an overall signal estimate. Several examples of this class of algorithms are demonstrated and analyzed in both a deterministic and stochastic context with respect to their convergence and mean squared error. The first example of this class, a "universal" linear predictor, was recently introduced and shown to asymptotically achieve the performance of the best linear predictor for each sequence, (up to some maximal order). Two new algorithms have been developed that generalize this universal linear predictor, and explore the use of the LMS algorithm in each stage of adaptation. Each of these algorithms are compared through theoretical analysis of their behavior.

关键词： Adaptive signal processing signal processing algorithms Machine learning algorithms Resonance light scattering Adaptive filters Convergence Least squares approximation Filtering algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Data compression

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sensor arrays for improved instrumental landing systems

Sensor arrays for improved instrumental landing systems

引用

sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： G.G.M. Barbieri E.D. Di Claudio R. Parisi INFOCOM Dpt University of Roma La Sapienza Rome Italy

The importance of air transportation in everyday's life has increased dramatically, in the last few years. Among the consequences of the growing demand for air-related services, the need of assuring an exact and timely flight arrival has become a crucial factor, both for safety and economical reasons. At the same time, broadcasting antennas, radio links and cellular telephone base stations demand continuously increasing spaces around airports, representing a source of disturbing interference for radio-navigation systems. An improved instrumental landing system (ILS) receiver based on array processing concepts is proposed for safer automatic landing procedures. The new approach is based on direction of arrival (DOA) estimation performed by the UN-MUSIC algorithm. The superior performance of the proposed system with respect to currently employed techniques in the presence of unwanted interferences has been tested in extensive computer simulations.

关键词： sensor arrays sensor systems Instruments Interference Direction of arrival estimation Air transportation Air safety Aerospace safety Radio broadcasting Radio link

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Optimal linear constraints and subspace adaptive filtering

Optimal linear constraints and subspace adaptive filtering

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： D.J. Rabideau Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lexington MA USA

Linearly constrained adaptive filters can remove interference while preserving signals of interest. However, in many applications the interference and signals are distributed throughout a large space. In such cases, fully adaptive filtering is difficult to implement. Instead, data is typically partitioned into subspaces. Then, within each subspace, interference is cancelled. Finally, the resulting subspace signals are recombined. This procedure is used in many fields, such as wideband radar, sonar, communications, and radio astronomy (relevant techniques include subband adaptive beamforming/filtering, adaptive subarrays, frequency jump burst processing, and space-time adaptive processing). The purpose of this paper is to: (1) quantify the performance associated with subspace adaptation, and (2) enumerate techniques to improve its performance. In particular, we formulate a new class of "optimal linear subspace constraints." The benefits of these techniques are quantified and compared.

关键词： Subspace constraints Adaptive filters Interference constraints Interference cancellation Spaceborne radar Sonar Radio astronomy array signal processing Filtering Frequency

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array processing estimation of non-linearly superimposed acoustic waves

Array processing estimation of non-linearly superimposed aco...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： G. Pinero L. Vergara Department of Comunicaciones Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Valencia Spain

Acoustic pressure waves are non-linearly superimposed when a periodic gas flow is perturbing the propagating medium, as it arises in car exhaust systems. In such an environment, the application of standard beamforming techniques to the estimation of the forward and backward waves needs a previous reformulation to establish a linear superposition model. In this paper a new linearization method for the superposition of waves is proposed and compared to the classical assumption of linear pressure superposition. Moreover, a new problem formulation including the noise corruption of source waves is presented. In both new and classical linear contexts, three different beamformers-delay-and-sum (DS), linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE)-have been applied to numerical data generated by a thermodynamics modeling software. Results have shown that the new linearization method improves the backward wave estimation error in almost 3 dB for typical experiment conditions (few sensors and moderate signal-to-noise ratio).

关键词： array signal processing Nonlinear acoustics Acoustic waves Fluid flow Acoustic propagation Exhaust systems Thermodynamics Context modeling Estimation error signal to noise ratio

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A space-time coded transmitter diversity technique for frequency selective fading channels

A space-time coded transmitter diversity technique for frequ...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： K.F. Lee D.B. Williams Motorola Inc. Boynton Beach FL USA Center for Signal and Image Processing School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

A simple space-time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter diversity technique for wireless communications over frequency selective fading channels is presented. The proposed technique utilizes OFDM to transform frequency selective fading channels into multiple flat fading subchannels on which space-time coding is applied. A two-branch transmitter diversity system is implemented without bandwidth expansion and with a small increase in complexity beyond that of a conventional OFDM system. Simulations verify that the two-branch transmitter diversity system achieves a diversity gain equivalent to that of the optimal maximal ratio combining (MRC) receiver diversity system.

关键词： Transmitters Frequency diversity Fading Diversity reception Delay effects OFDM modulation Discrete Fourier transforms Wireless communication Base stations Receiving antennas

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