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A parametric spatio-temporal channel estimation technique for FDD UMTS uplink

A parametric spatio-temporal channel estimation technique fo...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： M. Chenu-Tournier P. Chevalier J.-P. Barbot Thomson-CSF-Commun. Gennevilliers France BSR/TBR/TSI Thomson CSF Communication France L. E. S. I. R Cachan France

Many multi-user receivers have been developed to mitigate the effects of both multipath and interference in CDMA radiocommunication networks. However despite of these works, very few papers have been devoted to the implementation of these receivers and, more precisely, to the channel estimation problem in both multi-user and FDD UMTS context. Assuming specular propagation channels and a multi-sensor receiver; the purpose of this paper is to present a parametric technique for the joint estimation of the delays and angles of arrival of the propagation channels between each user and the array of sensor for the FDD UMTS uplink. The quality of the latter are then evaluated through mean square error (MSE) computations and bit error rates (BER) after demodulation at the output of two receivers (2D-RAKE and decorrelator receiver) adapted to the FDD UMTS uplink.

关键词： Channel estimation 3G mobile communication sensor arrays Delay estimation Bit error rate Interference Multiaccess communication Propagation delay Mean square error methods Demodulation

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Adaptive threat detection and classification from dual band IR images

Adaptive threat detection and classification from dual band ...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： M.J. Kotrlik E.C. Real Signal Processing Directorate Sanders Lockheed Martin Company Nashua NH USA

Ground combat vehicles are threatened by a variety of guided and smart munitions. Many of these munitions overmatch practical armor. Because of this, modern CONOPS consists of a layered approach to vehicle protection. One of these layers may be stated as: "don't be hit." Since, vehicle maneuvering is usually insufficient to meet this requirement, hit-avoidance suites are now under development. An essential component of a hit-avoidance suite is threat warning. The threat warning component must detect, locate, and identify threats in time to effectively apply countermeasures. We present a practical, low cost, dual band IR threat warning system. The system consists of frame registration and threat detection, followed by feature extraction and classification. The system is designed for real time implementation. System performance is shown for real threats measured in real environments.

关键词： Infrared detectors Dual band Weapons Vehicle detection Intelligent vehicles Land vehicles Road vehicles Protection Costs Alarm systems

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Turning point filters

Turning point filters

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： M. Dzieciuch P. Worcester T. Munk Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

Modal group delays in ocean acoustics are a potential observable, but their interpretation is ambiguous for signals with sufficient bandwidth for the inherent modal frequency dispersion to be significant. An inability to use the late-arriving energy in an inverse solution for ocean properties motivates this paper. We describe an alternate approach based on the WKBJ approximation for extracting observables from the final crescendo. We have called this approach a turning point filter. The turning point filter offers a unified approach to underwater acoustics, joining what are often two disparate schools of thought, rays and modes. The turning-point filter is an intermediate step between linear beamforming and a full matched field processor. Linear beamforming requires knowledge of the sound speed at the center of the receiving array to extract ray travel-times. Matched field processing attempts to match a measured arrival pattern with a hypothesized arrival pattern, by adjusting the entire sound-speed field between the source and receiver. Turning-point filtering only requires the sound-speed profile across the aperture of the receiving array to extract robust observable peaks.

关键词： Turning Filters Oceans array signal processing Pattern matching Delay Bandwidth Frequency Underwater acoustics Educational institutions

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Stochastic partial update LMS algorithm for adaptive arrays

Stochastic partial update LMS algorithm for adaptive arrays

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： M. Godavarti A.O. Hero Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Partial updating of LMS filter coefficients is an effective method for reducing the computational load and the power consumption in adaptive filter implementations. Several algorithms have been proposed in the literature based on partial updating. Unfortunately, it has been observed that these algorithms do not have good convergence properties in practice. In particular, there generally exist signals for which these algorithms stagnate or diverge. We propose a new algorithm, called the stochastic partial update LMS (SPU-LMS) algorithm which attempts to remedy some of the drawbacks of existing algorithms. The SPU-LMS algorithm differs from the existing algorithms in that the subsets to be updated are chosen in a random manner at each iteration. We derive conditions for filter stability, convergence rate, and steady state error for the proposed algorithm under an independent snapshots assumption in the context of adaptive beamforming for antenna arrays. We verify the analysis via computer simulations and illustrate the advantages of the new algorithm through examples.

关键词： Stochastic processes Least squares approximation Adaptive arrays Adaptive filters Convergence Energy consumption Stability Steady-state Computer errors array signal processing

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Space-time adaptive processing for over-the-horizon spread-Doppler clutter mitigation

Space-time adaptive processing for over-the-horizon spread-D...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： S. Kraut K. Harmanci J. Krolik Department of ECE Duke University Durham NC USA Duke University Durham NC US

We address the problem of mitigating spread-Doppler distortion in over-the-horizon (OTH) HF radar returns, caused by motion of electron density irregularities in the ionosphere. For targets with significant radial velocity, discrimination from surface clutter is possible in Doppler space. However, this scheme breaks down in the presence of moving perturbations in the refracting ionosphere, which can cause Doppler spreading of the surface clutter ridge, limiting detection performance, These ionospheric irregularities should be highly correlated in the direction of geomagnetic field lines. We exploit this correlation across range by using neighboring range cells to estimate the spread-Doppler clutter (SDC) in the range cell of interest, and to selectively suppress this clutter, thereby increasing target visibility. For targets directly obscured in Doppler by clutter we enhance target visibility by employing a single additional spatial channel to act as a sidelobe canceler on the main beam.

关键词： Ionosphere Electrons Frequency Doppler shift Hafnium Doppler radar Diffraction Radar clutter Magnetic fields Transmitters

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Airborne phased array radar: clutter and jamming suppression and moving target detection and feature extraction

Airborne phased array radar: clutter and jamming suppression...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Jian Li Guoqing Liu Nanzhi Jiang P. Stoica Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

We study the clutter and jamming suppression and moving target detection and feature extraction for airborne phased array radar. For the low range resolution (LRR) case, we use a vector autoregressive (VAR) filtering technique for clutter suppression and compare it to the displaced phase center antenna (DPCA) processing technique in the presence of various system errors. For the high range resolution (HRR) case, we first show how to use the VAR filter to suppress the ground clutter. We divide the HRR range profiles into LRR segments to avoid the range migration problems that occur in the HRR radar data. Since each LRR segment contains a sequence of HRR range bins, no loss of resolution occurs due to the division. We then propose new algorithms for moving target detection and super resolution feature extraction. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

关键词： Phased arrays Airborne radar Radar clutter Jamming Object detection Feature extraction Reactive power Radar antennas Filtering Filters

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The time-reversal technique re-interpreted: subspace-based signal processing for multi-static target location

The time-reversal technique re-interpreted: subspace-based s...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： H. Lev-Ari A.J. Devancy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Northeastern University Boston MA US

The time-reversal field processing technique for active remote sensing is re-interpreted in the conceptual framework of subspace-based signal processing. Though both of these subjects have a long and extensive history, we believe that our work is the first to relate these two rather different signal processing approaches. The concept at the heart of both approaches is the multi-static frequency response matrix (FRM) of the active antenna array. It is a function of array/scatterer geometry (via a suitable Green function) and of the scatterers' reflection coefficients. The time-reversal technique locates the most reflective target by determining the largest singular value of the FRM and the corresponding (right) singular vector. Consequently, it performs well only when the scatterers are "well-resolved," i.e., when the Green function vectors used in forming the FRM are approximately orthogonal to each other. In contrast, we show that subspace-based signal processing can be successfully used even when the targets are not "well-resolved." Moreover, the performance of our subspace-based schemes can be further enhanced by using wideband signals and combining FRM information from multiple frequencies. The coupling of time-reversal field processing with subspace methods leads to a powerful approach for locating targets under arbitrary wave-propagation conditions (both near-field and far-field), including arbitrary non-homogeneous media and arbitrary geometries.

关键词： Scattering array signal processing Geometry Green function signal processing Remote sensing History Heart Frequency response Antenna arrays

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Passive range estimation and range rate detection

Passive range estimation and range rate detection

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： R. Jeffers B. Breed B. Gallemore Digital Syst. Resource Inc. Fairfax VA USA Breed and Harvel Associates Austin TX USA Digital Systems Resources Inc. Fairfax VA USA

The problem of interest is a rapidly closing object (e.g. a torpedo) emitting broadband and narrowband acoustic signatures. A high negative range rate is indicative of a torpedo threat, and good range-bearing estimates provide good target localization. A linear, towed hydrophone array is used as a receiver, and in many cases the received signals will display high signal-to-noise ratio. It is desirable to detect at ranges greater than the near field range of the array. High-resolution range-bearing estimators have been developed using narrowband signatures and broadband signatures. The range difference to the target across an array causes target signals to display a wave-front curvature. Range estimation is based on wave-front curvature determination using a matched-filtering post beamformer approach. First a target is selected for range estimation in which a subset of beams is chosen for sector inverse beamforming. Curvature pattern replicas over range and bearing are computed and used in a Capon form beamformer. Simulations and experiments with in-water data compare the algorithm performance to a derived benchmark. In addition, a cepstrum-based range rate indicator was demonstrated using experimental data displaying multipath propagation (Lloyd mirror).

关键词： Acoustic signal detection Narrowband Displays Acoustic emission Sonar equipment signal to noise ratio Acoustic beams array signal processing Computational modeling Mirrors

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Second-order statistics blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization for antenna array-based wireless communications systems

Second-order statistics blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization ...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Hui Luo Ruey-Wen Liu AT and T Research Laboratories Red Bank NJ USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA

A theoretic framework on blind MIMO-FlR channel equalization by use of SOS (second-order statistics) is established. First, a sufficient condition is given on the autocorrelations of source signals. Under this condition, it is guaranteed that an MIMO-FIR channel is equalized up to some scalar factors and some delays if, and only if, some SOS of the composite output signals are the same as that of the source signals. Subsequently, the concept of pre-filters are introduced to convert white sources, which do not satisfy this sufficient condition, into color ones that do satisfy it. Based on the sufficient condition and the pre-filters, a set of theorems are developed for blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization, which only use the SOS of the received signals. Finally, a computer simulation is conducted to verify this theory. The theory and methods can be applied to antenna array-based wireless communications systems for high bandwidth efficiency.

关键词： Statistics Blind equalizers Sufficient conditions Autocorrelation Delay Computer simulation Antenna theory Antenna arrays Wireless communication Bandwidth

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Early experimental results for a large-aperture microphone-array system

Early experimental results for a large-aperture microphone-a...

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sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： H.F. Silverman W.R. Patterson J.M. Sachar Brown University Providence RI USA

Microphone arrays offer a potential solution to the important problem of obtaining high-quality sound pick-up from remote acoustic sources. Most reported results for microphone array technology have been theoretical, proposed algorithms with predicted performance, or based on ideal or near-ideal simulations of microphone-array systems and room environments. Previous work that is based on real data has usually been for a small number of microphones. In this paper, for the first time, measured results for a large number of microphones, 256, in a large-aperture, real-time, all DSP system are reported. The array system is mounted in a moderate-sized (8M/spl times/8M) room with a significant reverberation time. While listeners to the locationing/tracking/beamforming system claim to hear near-close-talking microphone performance when the system acquires a talker, our measured results of the real-time system indicate that a true 9 dB separation of a source from other sources in the room has been achieved and that reverberant effects have been significantly reduced. This level of isolation is maintained at all locations throughout the room. In addition to reporting these early performance measures, this paper discusses the nuances of the real-time algorithms, the latency in such systems, and introduces some of the issues of making real-time, real-room measurements.

关键词： Microphone arrays Real time systems Acoustic arrays Prediction algorithms Predictive models Time measurement Digital signal processing Reverberation array signal processing Delay

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