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A retina-like CMOS sensor and its applications

A retina-like CMOS sensor and its applications

引用

1st ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM 2000)

作者： Sandini, G Questa, P Scheffer, D Dierickx, B Mannucci, A Univ Genoa LIRA Lab DIST Genoa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)0780363396

This paper describes the implementation in silicon of a retina-like sensor characterized by a space-variant resolution similar to that of the human retina. Besides the actual implementation using CMOS technology, the design peculiarities of retina-like sensors are compared with the use of software or hardware electronic remappers. The paper also describes the realization of a retina-like digital camera and its applications for realtime control and image transmission.

关键词： Application software CMOS image sensors CMOS technology Digital cameras Hardware Humans Retina sensor phenomena and characterization Silicon Space technology

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sensor Network Distributed Computation for Direct Position Determination

Sensor Network Distributed Computation for Direct Position D...

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ieee 7th sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Pourhomayoun, Mohammad Fowler, Mark L. SUNY Binghamton Dept Elect & Comp Engn Binghamton NY 13902 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467310710

Classical localization systems based on TDOA/FDOA use a two-stage estimation approach. In the first stage, pairs of sensors share data to estimate TDOA/FDOA. Then, the extracted TDOA/FDOA measurements are used to estimate the emitter location. In some recently published methods, an optimal single-stage approach named Direct Position Determination (DPD) has been proposed to improve the position estimation accuracy. However, unlike the classical two-stage method where the TDOA/FDOA estimation can be distributed across all sensors, DPD processes all the received signals together at a single sensor node. However, when sensors have limited computational capabilities it is desirable to distribute the computation across all sensors. Furthermore, concentrating all the processing into a single node makes the location system less robust to the loss of sensors. In this paper, we develop a distributed localization method with the goal of reducing the computational load on each sensor and increasing the reliability of the system.

关键词： Time difference of arrival

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Frequency-Switching Sparse arrays 13

Frequency-Switching Sparse Arrays

引用

13rd ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Zhang, Yimin D. Chowdhury, Md Waqeeb T. S. Temple Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Philadelphia PA 19122 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344820;9798350344813

In this paper, we propose high-resolution target direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation using frequency-switching sparse arrays which implement multi-frequency sparse arrays in a low-complexity manner. Unlike multi-frequency sparse arrays which require processing of wideband signals comprising multiple frequency components, the proposed frequency-switching sparse arrays only need to process a single-frequency component at any time instant, thereby eliminating such hurdles and significantly reducing the system complexity. A frequency-switching sparse array achieves the same number of degrees-of-freedom as a multi-frequency counterpart with comparable DOA estimation performance. Numerical results on the DOA estimation performance and Cramer-Rao bounds are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed frequency-switching sparse arrays.

关键词： Sparse array direction-of-arrival estimation frequency diversity frequency-switching group sparsity

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Scalable Algorithm for Polarization Constrained Sparse Interferometric Stokes Imaging 10

Scalable Algorithm for Polarization Constrained Sparse Inter...

引用

10th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Birdi, Jasleen Repetti, Audrey Wiaux, Yves Heriot Watt Univ Inst Sensors Signals & Syst Edinburgh EH14 4AS Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9781538647523

Polarized emissions from various astrophysical sources provide an additional means to infer the properties of the source. This information can be extracted by imaging the Stokes parameters characterizing these emissions, from the incomplete Fourier sampling measurements provided by the radio interferometer. To solve the corresponding ill-posed inverse problem, we recently proposed the Polarized SARA method which exploits the polarization constraint along with imposing an average sparsity prior for each of the Stokes parameters, encompassed in a reweighting approach. Motivated by the large amounts of data produced by the next-generation radio interferometers, in the current work, we propose a scalable version of this method, combined with an accelerating strategy. We showcase the performance of this improved method on a real dataset acquired by the Very Large array (VLA).

关键词： Imaging signal processing algorithms Stokes parameters Antenna measurements Radio interferometry Image reconstruction array signal processing"

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Planar spherical diffraction-arrays: Linear sound localization algorithms

Planar spherical diffraction-arrays: Linear sound localizati...

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Handzel, Amir A. 42 Hillcrest Circle Watertown MA 02472 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Sound source localization systems typically measure differences in time-of-arrival between microphones in free field arrays. Using a different concept, we previously designed and built a localization system that mimics nature's solution of harnessing wave diffraction about the head while relying only on two sensors positioned antipodally. Departing from the biological constraint of two sensors, I recently showed that for broadband sources, a high acuity array could be designed with merely three microphones. Yet adding more microphones may further increase acuity and robustness. The localization algorithm we have developed uses pair-wise comparisons between microphones, the number of which increases quadratically with the number of microphones, N. In order to minimize calculations in time sensitive applications, choosing a subset of pairs may be important. I examine this issue here through simulations of a hexagonal array. Thanks to the redundancy of spatial information contained in multiple microphone measurements, algorithms that are linear in N allow high acuity localization of broadband sources.

关键词： array processing

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Blind Phase-Offset Estimation in Sparse Partly Calibrated arrays 13

Blind Phase-Offset Estimation in Sparse Partly Calibrated Ar...

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13rd ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Liu, Tianyi Pesavento, Marius Tech Univ Darmstadt Commun Syst Grp Darmstadt Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344820;9798350344813

Spatial frequency estimation from a superposition of impinging waveforms in the presence of noise is important in many applications. While subspace-based methods offer high-resolution parameter estimation at a low computational cost, they heavily rely on precise array calibration with a synchronized clock, posing challenges for large distributed antenna arrays. In this study, we focus on direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation within sparse partly calibrated rectangular arrays. These arrays consist of multiple perfectly calibrated subarrays with unknown phase-offsets among them. We present a gridless sparse formulation for DoA estimation leveraging the multiple shift-invariance properties in the partly calibrated array. Additionally, an efficient blind calibration technique is proposed based on semidefinite relaxation to estimate the intersubarray phase-offsets accurately.

关键词： DoA estimation sparse arrays thinned arrays joint sparsity partly calibrated arrays shift-invariance blind array calibration

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Direct Position Determination of Locally Scattered Sources Using Generalized array Manifold Model 13

Direct Position Determination of Locally Scattered Sources U...

引用

13rd ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Palanivelu, Devanand Palur Oispuu, Marc Koch, Wolfgang Dallmann, Thomas Fraunhofer Inst Commun Informat Proc & Ergon FKIE Wachtberg Germany Tech Univ Ilmenau Radio Technol Automated & Connected Vehicles Res Ilmenau Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350344820;9798350344813

Source localization from raw array data by reparameterizing the array steering vector by the source position is a fundamental principle of direct position determination (DPD). In this paper, we propose a DPD method to estimate the position of locally scattered sources using an unsynchronized array sensor network. Here, we use the well-known generalized array manifold (GAM) model which approximates the steering vector using its first-order gradient in order to characterize the local scattering effect. The proposed method is compared with the conventional two-stage bearings-only localization (BOL) approach. Simulation results reveal that the proposed DPD position estimates asymptotically attain the derived Cramier-Rao Bound (CRB) for high SNR values and an improved localization accuracy is achieved by exploiting the local scattering parameters in the localization.

关键词： Direct Position Determination Generalized array Manifold model Cramier-Rao Bound Local Scattering Localization Accuracy

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Microphone array speech enhancement by Bayesian estimation of spectral amplitude and phase

Microphone array speech enhancement by Bayesian estimation o...

引用

2nd ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Balan, R Rosca, J Siemens Corp Res Multimedia & Video Technol Dept Princeton NJ 08540 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780375513

Microphone arrays provide new opportunities for noise reduction and speech enhancement. This paper presents a novel decomposition of the estimation problems for short-time spectral amplitude (STSA), log STSA, and phase in the Bayesian estimation framework. The decomposition is based on the notion of sufficient statistics for the microphone array case. It nicely generalizes the well-known single-channel Ephraim-Malah estimators [4, 5] to the microphone array case. We also compare noise reduction obtained in the single channel with the two- and four-channel cases on real data.

关键词： Speech enhancement

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Source counting in real-time sound source localization using a circular microphone array

Source counting in real-time sound source localization using...

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ieee 7th sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Pavlidi, Despoina Griffin, Anthony Puigt, Matthieu Mouchtaris, Athanasios FORTH ICS GR-70013 Iraklion Crete Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781467310710

Recently, we proposed an approach inspired by Sparse Component Analysis for real-time localization of multiple sound sources using a circular microphone array. The method was based on identifying time-frequency zones where only one source is active, reducing the problem to single-source localization for these zones. A histogram of estimated Directions of Arrival (DOAs) was formed and then processed to obtain improved DOA estimates, assuming that the number of sources was known. In this paper, we extend our previous work by proposing three different methods for counting the number of sources by looking for prominent peaks in the derived histogram based on: (a) performing a peak search, (b) processing an LPC-smoothed version of the histogram, (c) employing a matching pursuit-based approach. The third approach is shown to perform very accurately in simulated reverberant conditions and additive noise, and its computational requirements are very small.

关键词： Additive noise

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DOA Estimation of Quasi-Stationary signals With a Nested array in Unknown Noise Field 10

DOA Estimation of Quasi-Stationary Signals With a Nested Arr...

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10th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop (SAM)

作者： Huang, Huiping Liao, Bin Shen, Qiuxiang Shenzhen Univ Coll Informat Engn Shenzhen 518060 Guangdong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538647523

The problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of quasi-stationary signals using a nested array in unknown noise field is investigated and two methods based on differencing method and eigenspace are proposed in this paper. Through performing differencing between the virtual received data, the unknown noise component is directly removed from the data model. The resulting data model is then utilized to find out the DOAs of the signals based on the theory of subspace. Thanks to the configuration of the nested array, it can produce large degrees of freedom (DOF) in the virtual sensor array which provides the virtual received data. These increased DOF can contribute enhanced resolution in DOA estimation. Numerical simulations of DOA estimation exhibit the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods.

关键词： DOA estimation quasi-stationary signals nested array unknown noise field differencing method

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