The design of frequency invariant beamformers for traditional tapped delay-line array system can be formulated as a convex optimization problem and solved efficiently using the interior-point methods. This approach is...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
The design of frequency invariant beamformers for traditional tapped delay-line array system can be formulated as a convex optimization problem and solved efficiently using the interior-point methods. This approach is extended to the recently proposed broadband beamforming system with sensor delay-lines and some variations are proposed to cope with the specific requirements in the design. Design examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The performance of most existing arrayprocessing algorithms relies heavily on the precise knowledge of array manifold, which is decided by individual sensor characteristics and array configuration. A major challenge ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
The performance of most existing arrayprocessing algorithms relies heavily on the precise knowledge of array manifold, which is decided by individual sensor characteristics and array configuration. A major challenge for self-calibration techniques is the increased computational burden due to additional perturbation parameters. In this contribution, a novel procedure for array self-calibration is presented. We apply the well known numerical method, the Space Alternating Generalized EM algorithm (SAGE), to simplify the multi-dimensional search procedure required for finding maximum likelihood (ML) estimates. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods that are based on the small perturbation assumption. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm remain robust in critical scenarios including large sensor position errors and closely located signals.
This paper is concerned with the problem of antenna array calibration in a non-stationary signal environment. In detail, this study focuses on calibration of the antenna array geometry by employing properties of the d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
This paper is concerned with the problem of antenna array calibration in a non-stationary signal environment. In detail, this study focuses on calibration of the antenna array geometry by employing properties of the differential geometry of the array manifold vector. The proposed algorithm is totally blind, since the only available information to the array system is the received signal emitted by a moving source of unknown characteristics. The only assumption made is that the movement of the source has an angular component and that the position of one sensor with regards to the reference point is known. It is shown through Monte Carlo simulations that this method significantly improves the ability of the array system to estimate characteristics of the moving source, such as its direction of arrival (DOA), in addition to reducing the positioning errors of the array elements.
In this study, isotropic V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are considered. An isotropic array has the same value for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for all direction of arrival (DOA) angles. The conditions for isotro...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
In this study, isotropic V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are considered. An isotropic array has the same value for the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for all direction of arrival (DOA) angles. The conditions for isotropic V-shaped arrays are presented and closed form expressions for V-shaped uniform and nonuniform arrays are found. These expressions return the V-angle for the array. Therefore, given the number of sensors and sensor displacements, isotropic performance V-angle can be found easily. V-shaped arrays are compared with circular arrays and it is also shown that both uniform and nonuniform V-shaped arrays have certain advantages.
We consider the problem of tracking a magnetic target as it travels in a straight-line path in the vicinity of N magnetic sensors. The target is modeled as a magnetic dipole, and we study tracking algorithms when the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
We consider the problem of tracking a magnetic target as it travels in a straight-line path in the vicinity of N magnetic sensors. The target is modeled as a magnetic dipole, and we study tracking algorithms when the sensors are total-field (scalar) magnetometers and vector magnetometers. A novel, computationally-efficient vector-field algorithm is presented that jointly processes the data from N sensors, yielding estimates of the track and the target dipole moment vector. Simulation examples are included to illustrate the performance of the total-field and vector algorithms.
We consider a calibration problem, where we determine an unknown sensor location using the known track of a calibration target and a known reference sensor location. We cast the calibration problem as a sparse approxi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
We consider a calibration problem, where we determine an unknown sensor location using the known track of a calibration target and a known reference sensor location. We cast the calibration problem as a sparse approximation problem where the unknown sensor location is determined over a discrete spatial grid with respect to the reference sensor. To achieve the calibration objective, low dimensional random projections of the sensor data are passed to the reference sensor, which significantly reduces the inter-sensor communication bandwidth. The unknown sensor location is then determined by solving an l(1)-norm minimization problem (linear program). Field data results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Coherent wideband DOA estimation for non-uniform linear arrays (NLA) is considered. array interpolation is used for two mappings. In the first mapping, NLA is mapped to a uniform linear array with the same array apert...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
Coherent wideband DOA estimation for non-uniform linear arrays (NLA) is considered. array interpolation is used for two mappings. In the first mapping, NLA is mapped to a uniform linear array with the same array aperture. In the second mapping covariance matrices for each frequency bin are mapped to a single one at the center frequency for coherent DOA estimation. A Wiener formulation is used for array interpolation where both signal and noise powers are estimated with maximum likelihood method. Different approaches are compared and the advantages of wideband processing versus narrowband processing are outlined. The accuracy of the SNR estimation is high and it is shown that Wiener array interpolation significantly improves the DOA estimation performance in both narrowband and wideband
We propose a scalable and energy efficient method for reconstructing a 'sparse' Gauss-Markov random field that is observed by an array of sensors and described over wireless channels to a fusion center. The en...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
We propose a scalable and energy efficient method for reconstructing a 'sparse' Gauss-Markov random field that is observed by an array of sensors and described over wireless channels to a fusion center. The encoder is universal, i.e. invariant to the statistical model of the source and the channel, and is based on compressed sensing. The reconstruction algorithms exploit the a-priori statistical information about the field and the channel at the fusion center to yield a performance comparable to information theoretic bounds. Furthermore, by putting stringent constraints on the sensing matrix we avoid (or even eliminate) inter-sensor communication while suffering negligible degradation in performance.
In this paper, an efficient low-complexity robust adaptive beamforming method based on worst-case performance optimization is proposed. Lagrangian method was applied to obtain the expression for the robust adaptive we...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
In this paper, an efficient low-complexity robust adaptive beamforming method based on worst-case performance optimization is proposed. Lagrangian method was applied to obtain the expression for the robust adaptive weight vector, which is optimized on the boundary of the steering vector uncertainty region, that is to say, in the worst mismatch case. Combining the constraint condition and the eigendecomposition of the array covariance matrix, root-finding method is used to obtain the optimal Lagrange multiplier. Then, the diagonal loading-like robust weight vector is achieved. ne implementation efficiency is greatly improved since the main computational burden is the eigendecomposition operator. Numerical results show that the performance of the proposed method is nearly identical to the robust Capon beamforming.
In this paper, we propose angle of arrival estimation algorithms for arbitrary array geometries. The proposed methods extend the root-WSF [1] and Modified Variable Projection (MVP) [2] algorithms to arbitrary array co...
ISBN:
(纸本)9781424422401
In this paper, we propose angle of arrival estimation algorithms for arbitrary array geometries. The proposed methods extend the root-WSF [1] and Modified Variable Projection (MVP) [2] algorithms to arbitrary array configurations. This is accomplished by employing the recently introduced Manifold Separation Technique (MST) [3], which stems from wavefield modelling [4]. The algorithms process the data in the element-space domain, i.e. no mapping of the data that introduces errors is required. Moreover, coherent sources can be handled. The proposed MST-based MVP algorithm shows a statistical performance close to the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) [5, 6]. The performance is illustrated using calibration data from two real-world arrays.
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