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sensor management with uncertain performance characteristics

Sensor management with uncertain performance characteristics

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Kolba, Mark P. Collins, Leslie M. Duke Univ Elect & Comp Engn Dept Box 90291 Durham NC 27708 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Previous work has presented an information-theoretic sensor management framework for the detection of static targets. This framework is based on the expected discrimination gain maximization technique of Kastella. The sensor manager searches for N targets within a grid of cells using M sensors, which may be thought of as a reconfigurable sensor array. sensor probabilities of detection and false alarm are used in the mathematical structure of the sensor manager, and these probabilities have previously been assumed to be certain. Realistic problems, however, will inevitably involve uncertainty. This paper introduces uncertain sensor P-d and P-f values into the mathematical framework and allows for their incorporation into the sequential structure of the sensor manager. The performance of the presented sensor management technique is then compared to direct search, where the sensors sweep through the grid in a predefined sampling pattern. The sensor manager is found to be superior to direct search when the uncertainty present in the problem is properly modeled. When uncertainty is present but not modeled, the performance of the sensor manager is severely degraded. This result indicates that uncertainty modeling will be important and necessary for the successful application of the presented sensor manager to real-world problems. Additional simulations examine the robustness of the sensor manager to errors in the assumed densities for P-d and P-f, and the performance of the sensor manager is found to remain strong even when the assumed P-d and P-f densities differ from the true densities.

关键词： sensor management discrimination gain uncertainty detection multimodal sensing

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Toward bandwidth invariance of spatial processing in the non-cooperative receiver

Toward bandwidth invariance of spatial processing in the non...

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Shaw, Arnab Jamali, Moshin Wilkins, Nathan Wright State Univ 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway Dayton OH 45435 USA Univ Toledo Toledo OH 43606 USA AF Res Lab Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

As the modern electro-magnetic environment in urban and battlefield scenarios becomes increasingly denser, system designers tend to gravitate toward wide bandwidth solutions. Not only do spread spectrum designs permit increased co-channel utilization, they also tend to be inherently more secure, decreasing the probability of intercept by non-cooperative receivers. This is in part due to the code that must be applied in order to modulate the information bandwidth into a much wider transmitted bandwidth. In addition the non-cooperative receiver must contend with issues of increased noise, decreased sensitivity, and increased signal processing resource requirements among others. The problem is further exacerbated for receivers that must perform emitter geo-location or other forms of spatial processing, since the conventional high-resolution techniques rely on phase measurements based on the monochromatic assumption. This paper will discuss some of the existing methods suggested to contend with wide bandwidth spatial processing for noncooperative receivers and their limitations. It will introduce a new method based on the bilinear transformation that overcomes some of these limitations. It will present simulation results that demonstrate the advantage of this technique.

关键词： signal receivers

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Performance analysis of linear predictive super-resolution processing for antenna arrays

Performance analysis of linear predictive super-resolution p...

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Chen, Honglei Kasilingam, Dayalan Univ Massachusetts Dept Elect & Comp Engn N Dartmouth MA 02747 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Many applications in array processing require a high resolution beamforming method. For example, Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) has been proposed to achieve higher system capacity in wireless systems. Implicit in SDMA is the ability to adaptively generate narrow antenna beam patterns, which ensures the physical separation between users and minimizes multiple user interference. However, antenna theory requires large antenna apertures to generate narrow beam patterns. This paper discusses an adaptive algorithm for extrapolating measurements from a small antenna array to a much larger virtual array. The technique utilizes linear prediction (LP) methods to perform the extrapolation. A Least Mean Square (LMS) based algorithm was used to estimate the LP coefficients. Since the algorithm is linear, it serves both as a direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimator and a matched filter for retrieving the transmitted signal. Other popular high-resolution algorithms such as MUSIC are inherently nonlinear and thus cannot be used on their own for retrieving signal information. The performance of this algorithm is studied with respect to interference suppression, noise and spatial resolution. It is shown that the IIR filter representing the LP process has poles corresponding to the DoA of the signal. The resulting LP coefficients can eliminate the interference between signals from different transmitters. However, no improvement in noise performance is seen because the receiver noise couples into the extrapolation process when two transmitters are closely located. The extrapolation algorithm is compared with the LCMV algorithm and found to produce similar results.

关键词： array processing

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Joint source and relay optimization for a non-regenerative MIMO relay

Joint source and relay optimization for a non-regenerative M...

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Fang, Zheng Hua, Yingbo Koshy, John C. Univ Calif Riverside Dept Elect Engn Riverside CA 92521 USA Telecordia Technol Adv Wireless Signal Processing Res Red Bank NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

We consider a non-regenerative MIMO relay system where the source, relay and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. The relay does not decode the packets but performs a multidimensional amplify-and-forward function (a relay matrix) on the baseband signals. Under the condition that the source is white, the relay matrix that maximizes the capacity between the source and the destination has been previously found. In this paper, we show a new result on how the source covariance matrix and the relay matrix can be jointly optimized to maximize the source-destination capacity. It is shown that the optimal coordinate system governed by the previously discovered relay matrix is still valid under the joint optimization, and the joint optimization yields a further capacity gain when the SNR at the relay is low.

关键词： Radio links

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Extreme beam broadening using phase only pattern synthesis

Extreme beam broadening using phase only pattern synthesis

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Brown, George C. Kerce, J. Clayton Mitchell, Mark A. Georgia Inst Technol Georgia Tech Res Inst Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

This paper describes methods for broadening the beam of a phased array antenna using phase-only element weights. This type of broadening can be valuable for improving the search occupancy and/or reducing the search frame time for large phased arrays, when transmit beam broadening is combined with multiple simultaneous receive beams. Phase-only broadening is required for typical solid-state (active phased) arrays because control of the transmit amplitude at each element is not practical. A notable result is that there is a relationship between the amount of beam broadening and the efficiency (directivity) of the resulting beam. In particular it is shown that broadening less than similar to 2.5:1 results in reduced beam efficiency for both linear and circular arrays, while a broadening of greater than similar to 2.5:1 results in improved beam efficiency, and that, therefore, certain broadening configurations will be preferable to the radar designer (e.g. 4:1 in one plane rather than 2:1 in two planes, due to a large difference in efficiency). The algorithms used to achieve the broadening patterns presented here are based on a combination of homotopy from known optimality with a stochastic gradient descent approach using a carefully constructed one parameter family of penalty functions.

关键词： pattern synthesis wideband array processing transmit spoiling null control

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Model for a smart network monitoring a wired sensor matrix

Model for a smart network monitoring a wired sensor matrix

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Magagni, Luca Gennaretti, Davide Nicolini, Matteo Sergio, Maximilian Guerrieri, Roberto Canegallo, Roberto Univ Bologna ARCES I-40126 Bologna Italy STMicroelect FTM Agrate Brianza Italy

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Monitoring harsh environments such as underwater scenarios or aircraft external surfaces pertains to important applications like assisted navigation and tactical surveillance;nevertheless, it poses additional challenges compared with standard applications. At Transducers2005 we presented a wired addressing architecture of distributed sensors for monitoring real-time in-situ pressure variations in underwater environment that faces the above-mentioned issues. This architecture consists in a double array of identical and interconnected smart nodes monitoring a matrix of passive sensors. I n this paper, we present an analysis of the delay model related to the presented architecture and a calculation of the overall frame-rate of the system as a function of the geometrical topology of the arrays. The topology of the network, i.e. the length of each bus and the number of nodes, can be chosen according to the application, and directly affects the global capacitive load on the serial lines. Each serial line can be schematized with a distributed RC model for the flat cable plus a lumped capacitance for each smart node. Then, a 3(rd)-order pi-segmented model of O'Brien-Savarino [4] is calculated for a 16-block fine with block length equal to 0.3m. Thanks to that, the global time per iteration is calculated on each bus as well as the scanning time of the whole matrix and the frame rate for the system as a function of sensor distribution and of the aspect ratio of the matrix. This model can be employed to identify the optimal arrangement for the sensor matrix and smart node arrays.

关键词： Intelligent networks

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MIMO radar space-time adaptive processing for multipath clutter mitigation

MIMO radar space-time adaptive processing for multipath clut...

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4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Mecca, Vito F. Ramakrishnan, Dinesh Krolik, Jeffrey L. Duke Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Durham NC 27708 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

This paper describes a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) generalization of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) to mitigate radar clutter subject to multipath propagation between transmit and receive arrays. Multipath clutter can occur when surface returns are multiply scattered, causing significant Doppler frequency and wavenumber spreads. In the worst case, multipath propagation may cause Doppler spread clutter to return via the receiver mainlobe. In such situations, conventional STAP cannot mitigate Doppler spread mainlobe clutter without also suppressing the target. MIMO radar techniques using orthogonal waveforms have been proposed for increasing radar coverage rate often at the expense of employing significantly larger radar time-bandwidth products. In this paper, we consider a MIMO approach wherein conventional radar waveforms are phase-coded to be orthogonal after Doppler processing at the receiver, i.e. in "slow-time." Slow-time MIMO has the advantages of being bandwidth efficient and easily implemented without the need to modify the receiver before range pulse-compression. In this paper, the mathematical formulation of MIMO STAP is developed for both direct-path and multipath clutter scenarios. At each slant range, the MIMO STAP processor operates on a receive sensor, transmitted pulses, and slow-time phase code channel data cube. Coherent combination of the decoded slow-time channels at the receiver permits effective control of the transmit array pattern by receive post-processing as a function of slant range. Simulation results demonstrate SNR gains when a transmit null is steered in the outbound direction towards the multiply scattered clutter.

关键词： Radar

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Improved 2-D Root MUSIC for non-circular signals

Improved 2-D Root MUSIC for non-circular signals

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Salameh, Amjad Tayem, Nizar Kwon, Hyuck M. Florida Atlantic Univ Dept Elect Engn Boca Raton FL 33431 USA W Virginia Univ Inst Technol Dept Elect Engn Montgomery AL 25136 USA Wichita State Univ Dept ECE Wichita KS 67260 USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

This paper proposes an improved two-dimensional (2-D) Root MUSIC algorithm for non-circular sources. The proposed method has many advantages over conventional Root MUSIC algorithms. First, it requires no pair matching between the azimuth and elevation angle estimation, whereas conventional 2-D Root MUSIC algorithms require an exhaustive pair-matching search. Second, the proposed algorithm shows no estimation failure when the elevation angles are between 70 and 90 degrees, whereas the conventional 2-D Root MUSIC algorithms fail. Third, the proposed algorithm can estimate the direction of arrival angles (DOAs) of coherent sources, whereas the conventional 2-D Root MUSIC algorithms cannot. Fourth, the algorithm does not require any forward/backward spatial smoothing, whereas the conventional 2-D MUSIC algorithms do. Hence, the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational load significantly and can be applied to faster real-time radar/sonar and commercial wireless systems. In addition to these advantages, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional Root MUSIC algorithms by a 7 dB gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to achieve the same root mean square error (RMSE) performance.

关键词： antenna arrays array signal processing Root MUSIC coherent sources Toeplitz

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Forward-looking planar array 3D-STAP using space time illumination patterns (STIP)

Forward-looking planar array 3D-STAP using space time illumi...

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop

作者： Corbell, Phillip M. Temple, Michael A. Hale, Todd B. SNHE Air Force Res Lab Hanscom AFB MA 01731 USA ENG Air Force Inst Technol Wright Patterson AFB OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

Close-in sensing is needed for urban warfare operations, where Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) could be provided via forward or rear-facing multi-function array radars mounted on small highly-maneuverable airborne platforms. However, airborne radar arrays oriented any direction other than side-looking cause an elevation dependent angle-Doppler relationship in the clutter returns. This non-stationarity is acute in close-in sensing geometries where elevation diversity exists over the scene of interest. However, planar arrays have an inherent advantage over linear arrays due to their ability to observe clutter statistics as a function of elevation. This paper demonstrates the utility of elevation diversity by synthesizing a single 3D-STAP filter that exhibits an elevation dependent azimuth-Doppler response which is tailored to null the clutter "bowl" which characterizes the forward-looking clutter spectrum. Such a capability is particularly exploitable on transmit, where all elevation angles are simultaneously illuminated. To demonstrate potential benefits, this paper proposes the use of recently developed Space Time Illumination Patterns (STIP) from a planar AESA to invoke elevation diverse space-time illumination in a forward-looking clutter scenario. It is shown that 3D-STIP (azimuth-elevation-Doppler) facilitates elevation specific space-time beamforming which removes the clutter energy from a given Doppler frequency across all ranges, potentially simplifying processing on receive. Simulations using synthesized training data and clairvoyant covariance knowledge are conducted to demonstrate proof-of-concept.

关键词： Radar systems

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signal strength localization bounds in ad hoc & sensor networks when transmit powers are random

Signal strength localization bounds in ad hoc & sensor netwo...

引用

4th ieee sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop Proceedings, SAM 2006

作者： Patwari, Neal Hero III, Alfred O. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424403081

sensor localization bounds have been derived assuming that received signal strength (RSS) measurements are performed with perfectly known sensor transmit powers. In this paper the Bayesian Cramér-Rao bound is derived assuming transmit powers are random with known prior distribution. Further, both directional measurements on each link, from i to j and from j to i, and their correlation, are explicitly considered. Results show that random transmit powers have a small (5-13%) impact on coordinate estimation bounds. However, using only the average of the directional measurements can significantly increase these bounds. © 2006 ieee.

关键词： signal analysis

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