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Photo-Realistic Image Restoration in the Wild with Controlled vision-Language Models

Photo-Realistic Image Restoration in the Wild with Controlle...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Luo, Ziwei Gustafsson, Fredrik K. Zhao, Zheng Sjolund, Jens Schon, Thomas B. Uppsala Univ Uppsala Sweden Karolinska Inst Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Though diffusion models have been successfully applied to various image restoration (IR) tasks, their performance is sensitive to the choice of training datasets. Typically, diffusion models trained in specific datasets fail to recover images that have out-of-distribution degradations. To address this problem, this work leverages a capable vision-language model and a synthetic degradation pipeline to learn image restoration in the wild (wild IR). More specifically, all low-quality images are simulated with a synthetic degradation pipeline that contains multiple common degradations such as blur, resize, noise, and JPEG compression. Then we introduce robust training for a degradation-aware CLIP model to extract enriched image content features to assist high-quality image restoration. Our base diffusion model is the image restoration SDE (IR-SDE). Built upon it, we further present a posterior sampling strategy for fast noise-free image generation. We evaluate our model on both synthetic and real-world degradation datasets. Moreover, experiments on the unified image restoration task illustrate that the proposed posterior sampling improves image generation quality for various degradations.

关键词： Diffusion model Image restoration real-world Super-resolution

来源：评论

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Manipulating Transfer Learning for Property Inference

Manipulating Transfer Learning for Property Inference

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Tian, Yulong Suya, Fnu Suri, Anshuman Xu, Fengyuan Evans, David Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing Peoples R China Univ Virginia Charlottesville VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Transfer learning is a popular method for tuning pre-trained (upstream) models for different downstream tasks using limited data and computational resources. We study how an adversary with control over an upstream model used in transfer learning can conduct property inference attacks on a victim's tuned downstream model. For example, to infer the presence of images of a specific individual in the downstream training set. We demonstrate attacks in which an adversary can manipulate the upstream model to conduct highly effective and specific property inference attacks (AUC score > 0.9), without incurring significant performance loss on the main task. The main idea of the manipulation is to make the upstream model generate activations (intermediate features) with different distributions for samples with and without a target property, thus enabling the adversary to distinguish easily between downstream models trained with and without training examples that have the target property. Our code is available at https:// ***/yulongt23/Transfer-Inference.

关键词： accountability ethics in vision fairness privacy Transparency

来源：评论

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Learning Rotation-Equivariant Features for Visual Correspondence

Learning Rotation-Equivariant Features for Visual Correspond...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Lee, Jongmin Kim, Byungjin Kim, Seungwook Cho, Minsu Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH Pohang South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Extracting discriminative local features that are invariant to imaging variations is an integral part of establishing correspondences between images. In this work, we introduce a self-supervised learning framework to extract discriminative rotation-invariant descriptors using group-equivariant CNNs. Thanks to employing group-equivariant CNNs, our method effectively learns to obtain rotation-equivariant features and their orientations explicitly, without having to perform sophisticated data augmentations. The resultant features and their orientations are further processed by group aligning, a novel invariant mapping technique that shifts the group-equivariant features by their orientations along the group dimension. Our group aligning technique achieves rotation-invariance without any collapse of the group dimension and thus eschews loss of discriminability. The proposed method is trained end-to-end in a self-supervised manner, where we use an orientation alignment loss for the orientation estimation and a contrastive descriptor loss for robust local descriptors to geometric/photometric variations. Our method demonstrates state-of-the-art matching accuracy among existing rotation-invariant descriptors under varying rotation and also shows competitive results when transferred to the task of keypoint matching and camera pose estimation.

关键词： Low-level vision

来源：评论

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Re-thinking Federated Active Learning based on Inter-class Diversity

Re-thinking Federated Active Learning based on Inter-class D...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Kim, SangMook Bae, Sangmin Song, Hwanjun Yun, Se -Young KAIST AI Daejeon South Korea NAVER AI LAB Grenoble France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Although federated learning has made awe-inspiring advances, most studies have assumed that the client's data are fully labeled. However, in a real-world scenario, every client may have a significant amount of unlabeled instances. Among the various approaches to utilizing unlabeled data, a federated active learning framework has emerged as a promising solution. In the decentralized setting, there are two types of available query selector models, namely 'global' and 'local-only' models, but little literature discusses their performance dominance and its causes. In this work, we first demonstrate that the superiority of two selector models depends on the global and local interclass diversity. Furthermore, we observe that the global and local-only models are the keys to resolving the imbalance of each side. Based on our findings, we propose LoGo, a FAL sampling strategy robust to varying local heterogeneity levels and global imbalance ratio, that integrates both models by two steps of active selection scheme. LoGo consistently outperforms six active learning strategies in the total number of 38 experimental settings. The code is available at: https://***/raymin0223/LoGo.

关键词： vision applications and systems

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Generalized UAV Object Detection via Frequency Domain Disentanglement

Generalized UAV Object Detection via Frequency Domain Disent...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Wang, Kunyu Fu, Xueyang Huang, Yukun Cao, Chengzhi Shi, Gege Zha, Zheng-Jun Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Anhui Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

When deploying the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles object detection (UAV-OD) network to complex and unseen real-world scenarios, the generalization ability is usually reduced due to the domain shift. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel frequency domain disentanglement method to improve the UAV-OD generalization. Specifically, we first verified that the spectrum of different bands in the image has different effects to the UAV-OD generalization. Based on this conclusion, we design two learnable filters to extract domain-invariant spectrum and domain-specific spectrum, respectively. The former can be used to train the UAV-OD network and improve its capacity for generalization. In addition, we design a new instance-level contrastive loss to guide the network training. This loss enables the network to concentrate on extracting domain-invariant spectrum and domain-specific spectrum, so as to achieve better disentangling results. Experimental results on three unseen target domains demonstrate that our method has better generalization ability than both the baseline method and state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： detection recognition: Categorization retrieval

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Contrastive Semi-supervised Learning for Underwater Image Restoration via Reliable Bank

Contrastive Semi-supervised Learning for Underwater Image Re...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Huang, Shirui Wang, Keyan Liu, Huan Chen, Jun Li, Yunsong Xidian Univ Xian Peoples R China McMaster Univ Hamilton ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Despite the remarkable achievement of recent underwater image restoration techniques, the lack of labeled data has become a major hurdle for further progress. In this work, we propose a mean-teacher based Semi-supervised Underwater Image Restoration (Semi-UIR) framework to incorporate the unlabeled data into network training. However, the naive mean-teacher method suffers from two main problems: (1) The consistency loss used in training might become ineffective when the teacher's prediction is wrong. (2) Using L1 distance may cause the network to overfit wrong labels, resulting in confirmation bias. To address the above problems, we first introduce a reliable bank to store the "best-ever" outputs as pseudo ground truth. To assess the quality of outputs, we conduct an empirical analysis based on the monotonicity property to select the most trustworthy NR-IQA method. Besides, in view of the confirmation bias problem, we incorporate contrastive regularization to prevent the overfitting on wrong labels. Experimental results on both full-reference and non-reference underwater benchmarks demonstrate that our algorithm has obvious improvement over SOTA methods quantitatively and qualitatively. Code has been released at https://***/Huang-ShiRui/Semi-UIR.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Learning Sample Relationship for Exposure Correction

Learning Sample Relationship for Exposure Correction

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Huang, Jie Zhao, Feng Zhou, Man Xiao, Jie Zheng, Naishan Zheng, Kaiwen Xiong, Zhiwei Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Exposure correction task aims to correct the underexposure and its adverse overexposure images to the normal exposure in a single network. As well recognized, the optimization flow is the opposite. Despite great advancement, existing exposure correction methods are usually trained with a mini-batch of both underexposure and overexposure mixed samples and have not explored the relationship between them to solve the optimization inconsistency. In this paper, we introduce a new perspective to conjunct their optimization processes by correlating and constraining the relationship of correction procedure in a mini-batch. The core designs of our framework consist of two steps: 1) formulating the exposure relationship of samples across the batch dimension via a context-irrelevant pretext task. 2) delivering the above sample relationship design as the regularization term within the loss function to promote optimization consistency. The proposed sample relationship design as a general term can be easily integrated into existing exposure correction methods without any computational burden in inference time. Extensive experiments over multiple representative exposure correction benchmarks demonstrate consistent performance gains by introducing our sample relationship design.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Learning Distortion Invariant Representation for Image Restoration from A Causality Perspective

Learning Distortion Invariant Representation for Image Resto...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Li, Xin Li, Bingchen Jin, Xin Lan, Cuiling Chen, Zhibo Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Peoples R China Eastern Inst Adv Study Ningbo Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

In recent years, we have witnessed the great advancement of Deep neural networks (DNNs) in image restoration. However, a critical limitation is that they cannot generalize well to real-world degradations with different degrees or types. In this paper, we are the first to propose a novel training strategy for image restoration from the causality perspective, to improve the generalization ability of DNNs for unknown degradations. Our method, termed Distortion Invariant representation Learning (DIL), treats each distortion type and degree as one specific confounder, and learns the distortion-invariant representation by eliminating the harmful confounding effect of each degradation. We derive our DIL with the back-door criterion in causality by modeling the interventions of different distortions from the optimization perspective. Particularly, we introduce counterfactual distortion augmentation to simulate the virtual distortion types and degrees as the confounders. Then, we instantiate the intervention of each distortion with a virtual model updating based on corresponding distorted images, and eliminate them from the meta-learning perspective. Extensive experiments demonstrate the generalization capability of our DIL on unseen distortion types and degrees. Our code will be available at https://***/lixinustc/Causal-IR-DIL.

关键词： Low-level vision

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DiCo-NeRF: Difference of Cosine Similarity for Neural Rendering of Fisheye Driving Scenes

DiCo-NeRF: Difference of Cosine Similarity for Neural Render...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Choi, Jiho Hwang, Gyutae Lee, Sang Jun Jeonbuk Natl Univ Jeonju South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Neural radiance fields have emerged in the field of autonomous driving, which contributes to improve perception of the complex 3D environment through the reconstruction of geometry and appearance. Moving objects and sky for outdoor environment is challenging to optimize the NeRF model. Previous work addresses these challenges through preprocessing such as masking;however, the masking process requires additional ground-truth data and a segmentation network. We propose DiCo-NeRF, an approach for driving scenes by leveraging cosine similarity map differences of vision-language aligned model. DiCo-NeRF investigates the correlation between rendered patches and pre-defined text and adjusts the loss of challenging patches, such as moving objects and the sky. Our neural radiance field utilizes embedding vectors from a pre-trained CLIP to obtain the cosine similarity maps. We introduce SimLoss, a loss function aimed at regulating the color field of NeRF based on the quantified distribution differences between ground-truth and rendered similarity maps. Unlike previous NeRF models that used driving datasets, our approach does not require additional input, such as sensor data, to the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of language semantic cues improves the performance of the novel view synthesis task, particularly in complex driving environments. We conducted experiments that included fisheye driving scenes from the KITTI360 and real-world datasets. Our code is available at https://***/ziiho08/DiCoNeRF.

关键词： Autonomous driving Fisheye camera Neural Radiance Fields vision-Language models

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Knowledge Combination to Learn Rotated Detection Without Rotated Annotation

Knowledge Combination to Learn Rotated Detection Without Rot...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Zhu, Tianyu Ferenczi, Bryce Purkait, Pulak Drummond, Tom Rezatofighi, Hamid van den Hengel, Anton Amazon IML Seattle WA 98109 USA Monash Univ Clayton Vic Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Rotated bounding boxes drastically reduce output ambiguity of elongated objects, making it superior to axis-aligned bounding boxes. Despite the effectiveness, rotated detectors are not widely employed. Annotating rotated bounding boxes is such a laborious process that they are not provided in many detection datasets where axis-aligned annotations are used instead. In this paper, we propose a framework that allows the model to predict precise rotated boxes only requiring cheaper axis-aligned annotation of the target dataset(1). To achieve this, we leverage the fact that neural networks are capable of learning richer representation of the target domain than what is utilized by the task. The under-utilized representation can be exploited to address a more detailed task. Our framework combines task knowledge of an out-of-domain source dataset with stronger annotation and domain knowledge of the target dataset with weaker annotation. A novel assignment process and projection loss are used to enable the co-training on the source and target datasets. As a result, the model is able to solve the more detailed task in the target domain, without additional computation overhead during inference. We extensively evaluate the method on various target datasets including fresh-produce dataset, HRSC2016 and SSDD. Results show that the proposed method consistently performs on par with the fully supervised approach.

关键词： detection recognition: Categorization retrieval

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