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IEEE international conference on Cognitive Informatics

作者： Feng Zhao Microsoft Research Asia Beijing China

Summary form only given: Networked sensors and actuators are increasingly pervasive in our daily lives, from tracking inventory in warehouses to monitoring movement of environmental pollutants and helping elderly living a more independent life. The data collected by the sensors needs to be distilled into higher level information and knowledge that must be promptly acted upon by autonomous controllers or humans. The scale of these systems-sometimes called Internet of Things (IOT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), or Sensor networks (Sensornet)-dwarfs the Internet as we know today. In addition to the challenges of making the sensors small, affordable, and energy efficient, and networking them into a reliable ensemble, the more arduous task is the timely processing of voluminous and streaming sensor data subject to energy and network constraints and uncertainties. To address these challenges, we must leverage the advances in disciplines such as devices, wireless communication, control and decision theory, machine learning, and database, to name a few. Cloud computing provides new opportunities in aggregating sensor data and exploiting the aggregates for greater coverage and relevancy, and yet at the same time exacerbates the issue of privacy and security. A multi-disciplinary, holistic approach is needed.

关键词： Sensors Asia Computer science Monitoring Cloud computing Media

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Monitoring and visualisation of the Large Hadron Collider optical private network

Monitoring and visualisation of the Large Hadron Collider op...

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Roedunet international conference (RoEduNet)

作者： Patricia Marcu David Schmitz Andreas Hanemann Szymon Trocha C/o Leibniz Supercomputing Centre German Research Network Garching Germany German Research Network Berlin Germany Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center Poznan Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424473359

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments at CERN result in vast amounts of data which are interesting for researchers around the world. For transporting the data to 11 data distribution centers, an optical private network (OPN) has been constructed as the result of a collaboration of several academic networks. The multi-domain nature of this collaboration poses new challenges, in particular to network monitoring. This has been addressed by adopting the multi-domain tool set perfSONAR. In the implemented solution, the network users can access network monitoring information from various measurement points through the LHCOPN Weathermap visualisation tool. This paper details the tool itself and its operation within the LHCOPN using perfSONAR tools. It serves as a blueprint for the support of future data-intensive large-scale projects.

关键词： Monitoring Large Hadron Collider Optical fiber networks High speed optical techniques Data visualization Large-scale systems Collaboration distributed computing Europe Optical devices

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Cost Benefit Deployment of DNIPS

Cost Benefit Deployment of DNIPS

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IEEE international conference on Communications

作者： E. Rozenshine-Kemelmakher R. Puzis A. Felner Y. Elovici Deutsche Telekom Laboratories The Department of Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba Israel Deutsche Telekom Laboratories Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba Israel Department of Information Systems Engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beersheba Israel

Effective deployment of Real Time distributed Network Intrusion Detection Systems (DNIDS) on High-speed and large-scale networks within limited budget constraints is a challenging task. In this paper we investigate algorithms aiming at optimizing the deployment of DNIDS systems. We use Group Betweenness Centrality (GBC) as an approximation of the DNIDS deployment utility. In this work we use two cost models. The first cost model assumes that all network intrusion detection devices have the same cost. The second model assumes that the cost of the device is relative to the traffic load on the network node on which it is installed. We evaluate two algorithms for finding the most prominent group in these cost models. The first algorithm is based on greedy choice of vertices and the second is based on heuristic search and finds the optimal deployment locations. We investigate combinations of heuristic functions based on solution cost and on solution utility and different node ordering strategies. We show that intelligent choice of the heuristic functions and node ordering can speed up the search. Empirical evaluation shows that while in the first cost model the greedy algorithm produces results that are negligibly close to optimal in the second cost model the difference between optimal and suboptimal solutions can be significant.

关键词： Intrusion detection Cost function Large-scale systems Peer to peer computing Laboratories Information systems Systems engineering and theory Communications Society Telecommunication traffic Greedy algorithms

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Modeling Human-Like Decision Making for Virtual Agents in Time-Critical Situations

Modeling Human-Like Decision Making for Virtual Agents in Ti...

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international conference on Cyberworlds

作者： Linbo Luo Suiping Zhou Wentong Cai Michael Lees Malcolm Yoke Hean Low Parallel and Distributed Computing Centre School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Generating human-like behaviors for virtual agents has become increasingly important in many applications, such as crowd simulation, virtual training, digital entertainment, and safety planning. One of challenging issues in behavior modeling is how virtual agents make decisions given some time-critical and uncertain situations. In this paper, we present HumDPM, a decision process model for virtual agents, which incorporates two important factors of human decision making in time-critical situations: experience and emotion. In HumDPM, rather than relying on deliberate rational analysis, an agent makes its decisions by matching past experience cases to the current situation. We propose the detailed representation of experience case and investigate the mechanisms of situation assessment, experience matching and experience execution. To incorporate emotion into HumDPM, we introduce an emotion appraisal process in situation assessment for emotion elicitation. In HumDPM, the decision making process of an agent may be affected by its emotional states when: 1) deciding whether it is necessary to do a re-match of experience cases, 2) determining the situational context, and 3) selecting experience cases. We illustrate the effectiveness of HumDPM in crowd simulation. A case study for emergency evacuation in a subway station scenario is conducted, which shows how a varied crowd composition leads to different evacuation behaviors, due to the retrieval of different experiences and the variation of agents' emotional states.

关键词： Appraisal Decision making Humans Computational modeling Context Time factors Context modeling

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Energy-aware data processing techniques for wireless sensor networks: A review

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2011年 6790 LNCS卷 117-137页

作者： Chong, Suan Khai Gaber, Mohamed Medhat Krishnaswamy, Shonali Loke, Seng Wai Centre for Distributed Systems and Software Engineering Monash University 900 Dandenong Rd Caulfield East VIC 3145 Australia School of Computing University of Portsmouth Portsmouth Hampshire PO1 3HE United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University Victoria 3086 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783642230738

Extensive data generated by peers of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) needs to be analysed and processed in order to extract information that is meaningful to the user. Data processing techniques that achieve this goal on sensor nodes are required to operate while meeting resource constraints such as memory and power to prolong a sensor network's lifetime. This survey serves to provide a comprehensive examination of such techniques, enabling developers of WSN applications to select and implement data processing techniques that perform efficiently for their intended WSN application. It presents a general analysis of the issue of energy conservation in sensor networks and an up-to-date classification and evaluation of data processing techniques that have factored in energy constraints of sensors. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Communication Timescales, Structure and Popularity: Using Social Network Metrics for Youtube-Like Multimedia Content Distribution

Communication Timescales, Structure and Popularity: Using So...

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IEEE international conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： V. Kulkarni M. Devetsikiotis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

A significant portion of the HTTP multimedia traffic on the Internet comes from sites like Youtube which serve short videos. Caching of Youtube-like multimedia content, when possible, can reduce traffic on the backbone while providing faster access. The performance of such a caching system will depend on identifying the videos which should be cached and the appropriate duration. In this paper, we look at both of these questions from a social network perspective. We propose that the decision to cache a video should be based on the combined popularity of the individual as well as related videos rather than simply based on individual popularity of a video. We identify timescales at which the inter-relationships between the videos can change through a longitudinal data set. Using the concepts of centrality of nodes, we rank the set of videos in the data set according to their perceived importance. In doing so, we compare three centrality techniques - degree, closeness and betweenness. We evaluate how these centralities affect the performance of a cache. We show that ``Closeness" centrality always performs at least as well as the other two in all cases. Finally, we show that a distributed cache mechanism employing the centrality method to rank videos can reduce the load on the network significantly for even moderate content cache sizes.

关键词： Social network services Videos YouTube Telecommunication traffic Internet Pattern analysis Communications Society IP networks Spine Peer to peer computing

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High End Scientific Visualization with Scalable Display System

High End Scientific Visualization with Scalable Display Syst...

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international conference on Advances in Computer Engineering (ACE)

作者： S.K. Bose Dinesh M. Sarode Venkata P.P.K. Pritam P. Shete A.G. Apte Computer Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai India

ISBN: (纸本)9781424471546;9780769540580

Today we can have huge datasets resulting from computer simulations (FEA, CFD, physics, chemistry etc) and sensor measurements (medical, seismic and satellite). There is exponential growth in computational requirements in scientific research. Modern parallel computers and Grid are providing the required computational power for the simulation runs. The rich visualization is essential in interpreting the large, dynamic data generated from these simulation runs. The visualization process maps these datasets onto graphical representations and then generates the pixel representation. The large number of pixels shows the picture in greater details and interaction with it enables the greater insight on the part of user in understanding the data more quickly, picking out small anomalies that could turn out to be critical and make better decisions. However, the memory constraints in frame buffer, lack of the rendering power and the display resolution offered by even the most powerful graphics workstation makes the visualization of this magnitude difficult or impossible. This paper focuses on building an environment which render and drive over 47 millions of pixels, using the open source software framework. Our system's display geometry is easy to configure and reconfigure, accommodates casually tiled displays and arbitrary display surfaces, and can be operational in a matter of minutes. In addition, the underlying distributed rendering architecture (chromium) is transparent to existing OpenGL applications, requiring no custom APIs or re-compilation of existing OpenGL executables. In short, we present a practical and flexible low-cost tiled display system that is simple to deploy and easy to operate. We also describe the software packages developed for such a system and its use to visualize data generated by computational simulations and applications requiring higher intrinsic display resolution and more display space.

关键词： Data visualization Computational modeling Computer displays Computer simulation Concurrent computing Grid computing Medical simulation Rendering (computer graphics) Application software Computational fluid dynamics

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Enhancing the pervasive trust management model in MANETs by analyzing the factors affecting performance of various attacks

Enhancing the pervasive trust management model in MANETs by ...

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international conference on Emerging Trends in Robotics and Communication Technologies (INTERACT)

作者： Pandiyan Durairajan T. Sasikala Sathyabama University Chennai Tamil Nadu India SRR Engineering College Chennai Tamil Nadu India

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) consists of a collection of wireless mobile hosts without the required intervention of any existing infrastructure or centralized access point such as base station. The dynamic topology of MANET allows nodes to join and leave the network at any point of time. Wireless MANET is particularly vulnerable due to its fundamental characteristics such as open medium, dynamic topology, distributed cooperation and constrained capability. In Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), network traffics are redirected to a specific node or from the malicious node causing serious damage. And also it causes false identification of a good node as a bad one. This increases false alarms and as a result any further communication with that node or via that node is halted. It occurs due to lack of authentication and it grants provision for any node to corrupt other node's legitimate information. In this paper we compare and analysis the performance of various attacks with proposed attacks on different routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks. Various types of scenarios are generated and each of the attacks is simulated on each of these, then their parameters like throughput, packet delivery ratio and delay will be compared The performance differentials are analyzed using varying pause time, constant nodes and dynamic topology. Based on the observations, we make valuable conclusions about which attacks induce more false alarm and impact on Mobile Ad Hoc Network.

关键词： Ad hoc networks Mobile computing Security Routing Routing protocols Watches Wireless networks

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Mapping Spatial Distribution of Soil Loss in the Upper Basin of Miyun Reservoir

Mapping Spatial Distribution of Soil Loss in the Upper Basin...

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international conference on Advanced Geographic Information Systems, Applications, and Services (GEOPROCESSING)

作者： Tao Chen Rui-qing Niu Ping-xiang Li Liang-pei Zhang Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of Geoscience Wuhan China State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping & Remote Sensing Wuhan University of China Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424458097;9780769539515

This paper used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to investigate the spatial distribution of annual soil loss in the upper basin of Miyun reservoir in China. Among the soil erosion factors, the vegetative cover or C factor has been one of the most difficult to estimate over broad geographic areas. In this paper, the C factor was estimated based on a multivariate regression analysis, Back Propagation (BP) neural network and the results were compared with the values measured in the filed. The correlation coefficient (r) obtained was 0.929. Then the C factor and the other factors were used as the input to RUSLE model. By integrating these factor maps in GIS through pixel-based computing, the spatial distribution of soil loss over the upper basin of Miyun reservoir was obtained. The results showed that the annual average soil loss for the upper Basin of Miyun Reservoir was 9.86 t ha -1 ya -1 in 2005, and the area of 46.61 km 2 (0.3%) experiences extremely severe erosion risk, which needs suitable conservation measures to be adopted on a priority basis. The spatial distribution of erosion risk classes was 66.9% lower, 21.89% low, 6.18% moderate, 2.89% severe and 1.84% very severe. Thus, by using RUSLE in a GIS environment, the spatial distribution of water erosion can be obtained and the regions which susceptible to water erosion and need immediate soil conservation planning and application over the upper basin of Miyun reservoir in China can be identified.

关键词： Reservoirs Soil measurements Geographic Information Systems Water conservation Water resources Equations Multivariate regression Neural networks distributed computing Area measurement

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A novel mobility management scheme for target tracking in cluster-based sensor networks 10

A novel mobility management scheme for target tracking in cl...

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Proceedings of the 6th IEEE international conference on distributed computing in Sensor Systems

作者： Zhibo Wang Wei Lou Zhi Wang Junchao Ma Honglong Chen State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou P.R. China Department of Computing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9783642136504

Target tracking is a typical and important application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the consideration of scalability and energy efficiency for target tracking in large scale WSNs, it has been employed as an effective solution by organizing the WSNs into clusters. However, tracking a moving target in cluster-based WSNs suffers the boundary problem when the target moves across or along the boundary among clusters. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme, called hybrid cluster-based target tracking (HCTT), which integrates on-demand dynamic clustering into a cluster-based WSN for target tracking. To overcome the boundary problem, when the target moves close to the boundary among clusters, a dynamic cluster will be constructed for the management of target tracking. As the target moves, static clusters and on-demand dynamic clusters alternately manage the tracking task. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs better in tracking the moving target when compared with other typical target tracking protocols.

关键词： boundary problem mobility management target tracking wireless sensor networks

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