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Situational Awareness Matters in 3D vision Language Reasoning

Situational Awareness Matters in 3D Vision Language Reasonin...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Man, Yunze Gui, Liang-Yan Wang, Yu-Xiong Univ Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Being able to carry out complicated vision language reasoning tasks in 3D space represents a significant milestone in developing household robots and human-centered embodied AI. In this work, we demonstrate that a critical and distinct challenge in 3D vision language reasoning is the situational awareness, which incorporates two key components: (1) The autonomous agent grounds its self-location based on a language prompt. (2) The agent answers open-ended questions from the perspective of its calculated position. To address this challenge, we introduce SIG3D, an end-to-end Situation-Grounded model for 3D vision language reasoning. We tokenize the 3D scene into sparse voxel representation, and propose a language-grounded situation estimator, followed by a situated question answering module. Experiments on the SQA3D and ScanQA datasets show that SIG3D outperforms state-of-the-art models in situational estimation and question answering by a large margin (e.g., an enhancement of over 30% on situation accuracy). Subsequent analysis corroborates our architectural design choices, explores the distinct functions of visual and textual tokens, and highlights the importance of situational awareness in the domain of 3D question-answering. Project page is available at https://***/situation3d.

关键词： vision-Language Multi-modal 3D Reasoning

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SleepVST: Sleep Staging from Near-Infrared Video Signals using Pre-Trained Transformers

SleepVST: Sleep Staging from Near-Infrared Video Signals usi...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Carter, Jonathan F. Jorge, Joao Gibson, Oliver Tarassenkol, Lionel Univ Oxford Inst Biomed Engn Oxford England Oxehealth Ltd Oxford England

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Advances in camera-based physiological monitoring have enabled the robust, non-contact measurement of respiration and the cardiac pulse, which are known to be indicative of the sleep stage. This has led to research into camera-based sleep monitoring as a promising alternative to "gold-standard" polysomnography, which is cumbersome, expensive to administer, and hence unsuitable for longer-term clinical studies. In this paper, we introduce SleepVST, a transformer model which enables state-of-the-art performance in camera-based sleep stage classification (sleep staging). After pre-training on contact sensor data, SleepVST outperforms existing methods for cardio-respiratory sleep staging on the SHHS and MESA datasets, achieving total Cohen's kappa scores of 0.75 and 0.77 respectively. We then show that SleepVST can be successfully transferred to cardio-respiratory waveforms extracted from video, enabling fully contact-free sleep staging. Using a video dataset of 50 nights, we achieve a total accuracy of 78.8% and a Cohen's. of 0.71 in four-class video-based sleep staging, setting a new state-of-the-art in the domain.

关键词： computer vision remote monitoring sleep staging transformers

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Know Your Neighbors: Improving Single-View Reconstruction via Spatial vision-Language Reasoning

Know Your Neighbors: Improving Single-View Reconstruction vi...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Li, Rui Fischer, Tobias Segu, Mattia Pollefeys, Marc Van Gool, Luc Tombari, Federico Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland Google Mountain View CA 94043 USA Tech Univ Munich Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Recovering the 3D scene geometry from a single view is a fundamental yet ill-posed problem in computer vision. While classical depth estimation methods infer only a 2.5D scene representation limited to the image plane, recent approaches based on radiance fields reconstruct a full 3D representation. However, these methods still struggle with occluded regions since inferring geometry without visual observation requires (i) semantic knowledge of the surroundings, and (ii) reasoning about spatial context. We propose KYN, a novel method for single-view scene reconstruction that reasons about semantic and spatial context to predict each point's density. We introduce a vision-language modulation module to enrich point features with fine-grained semantic information. We aggregate point representations across the scene through a language-guided spatial attention mechanism to yield per-point density predictions aware of the 3D semantic context. We show that KYN improves 3D shape recovery compared to predicting density for each 3D point in isolation. We achieve state-of-the-art results in scene and object reconstruction on KITTI-360, and show improved zero-shot generalization compared to prior work. Project page: https://***/kyn.

关键词： radiance field spatial attention spatial context vision-language model

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Robust Image Denoising through Adversarial Frequency Mixup

Robust Image Denoising through Adversarial Frequency Mixup

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Ryou, Donghun Ha, Inju Yoo, Hyewon Kim, Dongwan Han, Bohyung Seoul Natl Univ ECE Comp Vis Lab Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ IPAI Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353013;9798350353006

Image denoising approaches based on deep neural networks often struggle with overfitting to specific noise distributions present in training data. This challenge persists in existing real-world denoising networks, which are trained using a limited spectrum of real noise distributions, and thus, show poor robustness to out-of-distribution real noise types. To alleviate this issue, we develop a novel training framework called Adversarial Frequency Mixup (AFM). AFM leverages mixup in the frequency domain to generate noisy images with distinctive and challenging noise characteristics, all the while preserving the properties of authentic real-world noise. Subsequently, incorporating these noisy images into the training pipeline enhances the denoising network's robustness to variations in noise distributions. Extensive experiments and analyses, conducted on a wide range of real noise benchmarks demonstrate that denoising networks trained with our proposed framework exhibit significant improvements in robustness to unseen noise distributions. The code is available at https://***/dhryougit/AFM.

关键词： Image Denoising Low-level vision Robustness

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SonicvisionLM: Playing Sound with vision Language Models

SonicVisionLM: Playing Sound with Vision Language Models

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Xie, Zhifeng Yu, Shengye He, Qile Li, Mengtian Shanghai Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Mot Picture Special Effects Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

There has been a growing interest in the task of generating sound for silent videos, primarily because of its practicality in streamlining video post-production. However, existing methods for video-sound generation attempt to directly create sound from visual representations, which can be challenging due to the difficulty of aligning visual representations with audio representations. In this paper, we present SonicvisionLM, a novel framework aimed at generating a wide range of sound effects by leveraging vision-language models(VLMs). Instead of generating audio directly from video, we use the capabilities of powerful VLMs. When provided with a silent video, our approach first identifies events within the video using a VLM to suggest possible sounds that match the video content. This shift in approach transforms the challenging task of aligning image and audio into more well-studied sub-problems of aligning image-to-text and text-to-audio through the popular diffusion models. To improve the quality of audio recommendations with LLMs, we have collected an extensive dataset that maps text descriptions to specific sound effects and developed a time-controlled audio adapter. Our approach surpasses current state-of-the-art methods for converting video to audio, enhancing synchronization with the visuals, and improving alignment between audio and video components. Project page: https://***. io/***/

关键词： audio generation multi-modal vision-language model

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Instance-Aware Group Quantization for vision Transformers

Instance-Aware Group Quantization for Vision Transformers

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Jaehyeon, Moon Kim, Dohyung Cheon, Junyong Ham, Bumsub Yonsei Univ Seoul South Korea Articron Bogota Colombia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is an efficient model compression technique that quantizes a pretrained full-precision model using only a small calibration set of unlabeled samples without retraining. PTQ methods for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) provide quantization results comparable to full-precision counterparts. Directly applying them to vision transformers (ViTs), however, incurs severe performance degradation, mainly due to the differences in architectures between CNNs and ViTs. In particular, the distribution of activations for each channel vary drastically according to input instances, making PTQ methods for CNNs inappropriate for ViTs. To address this, we introduce instance-aware group quantization for ViTs (IGQ-ViT). To this end, we propose to split the channels of activation maps into multiple groups dynamically for each input instance, such that activations within each group share similar statistical properties. We also extend our scheme to quantize softmax attentions across tokens. In addition, the number of groups for each layer is adjusted to minimize the discrepancies between predictions from quantized and full-precision models, under a bit-operation (BOP) constraint. We show extensive experimental results on image classification, object detection, and instance segmentation, with various transformer architectures, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.

关键词： Post-training quantization ViT

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A Closer Look at the Few-Shot Adaptation of Large vision-Language Models

A Closer Look at the Few-Shot Adaptation of Large Vision-Lan...

引用

ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Iguez, Julio Silva-Rodr Hajimiri, Sina Ben Ayed, Ismail Dolz, Jose ETS Montreal Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Efficient transfer learning (ETL) is receiving increasing attention to adapt large pre-trained language-vision models on downstream tasks with a few labeled samples. While significant progress has been made, we reveal that state-of-the-art ETL approaches exhibit strong performance only in narrowly-defined experimental setups, and with a careful adjustment of hyperparameters based on a large corpus of labeled samples. In particular, we make two interesting, and surprising empirical observations. First, to out-perform a simple Linear Probing baseline, these methods require to optimize their hyper-parameters on each target task. And second, they typically underperform -sometimes dramatically-standard zero-shot predictions in the presence of distributional drifts. Motivated by the unrealistic assumptions made in the existing literature, i.e., access to a large validation set and case-specific grid-search for optimal hyperparameters, we propose a novel approach that meets the requirements of real-world scenarios. More concretely, we introduce a CLass-Adaptive linear Probe ( CLAP) objective, whose balancing term is optimized via an adaptation of the general Augmented Lagrangian method tailored to this context. We comprehensively evaluate CLAP on a broad span of datasets and scenarios, demonstrating that it consistently outperforms SoTA approaches, while yet being a much more efficient alternative. Code available at https://***/jusiro/CLAP.

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LQMFormer: Language-aware Query Mask Transformer for Referring Image Segmentation

LQMFormer: Language-aware Query Mask Transformer for Referri...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Shah, Nisarg A. Vibashan, V. S. Patel, Vishal M. Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Referring Image Segmentation (RIS) aims to segment objects from an image based on a language description. Recent advancements have introduced transformer-based methods that leverage cross-modal dependencies, significantly enhancing performance in referring segmentation tasks. These methods are designed such that each query predicts different masks. However, RIS inherently requires a single-mask prediction, leading to a phenomenon known as Query Collapse, where all queries yield the same mask prediction. This reduces the generalization capability of the RIS model for complex or novel scenarios. To address this issue, we propose a Multi-modal Query Feature Fusion technique, characterized by two innovative designs: (1) Gaussian enhanced Multi-Modal Fusion, a novel visual grounding mechanism that enhances overall representation by extracting rich local visual information and global visual-linguistic relationships, and (2) A Dynamic Query Module that produces a diverse set of queries through a scoring network where the network selectively focuses on queries for objects referred to in the language description. Moreover, we show that including an auxiliary loss to increase the distance between mask representations of different queries further enhances performance and mitigates query collapse. Extensive experiments conducted on four benchmark datasets validate the effectiveness of our framework.

关键词： Image segmentation Multimodal Transformer vision-Language

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HomoFormer: Homogenized Transformer for Image Shadow Removal

HomoFormer: Homogenized Transformer for Image Shadow Removal

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Xiao, Jie Fu, Xueyang Zhu, Yurui Li, Dong Huang, Jie Zhu, Kai Zha, Zheng-Jun Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Peoples R China Alibaba Grp Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

The spatial non-uniformity and diverse patterns of shadow degradation conflict with the weight sharing manner of dominant models, which may lead to an unsatisfactory compromise. To tackle with this issue, we present a novel strategy from the view of shadow transformation in this paper: directly homogenizing the spatial distribution of shadow degradation. Our key design is the random shuffle operation and its corresponding inverse operation. Specifically, random shuffle operation stochastically rear-ranges the pixels across spatial space and the inverse operation recovers the original order. After randomly shuffling, the shadow diffuses in the whole image and the degradation appears in a homogenized way, which can be effectively processed by the local self-attention layer. Moreover, we further devise a new feed forward network with position modeling to exploit image structural information. Based on these elements, we construct the final local window based transformer named HomoFormer for image shadow removal. Our HomoFormer can enjoy the linear complexity of local transformers while bypassing challenges of non-uniformity and diversity of shadow. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify the superiority of our HomoFormer across public datasets. Code is available at https://***/jiexiaou/HomoFormer.

关键词： Image Restoration Image Shadow Removal vision Transformer

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Learning for Transductive Threshold Calibration in Open-World recognition

Learning for Transductive Threshold Calibration in Open-Worl...

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ieee/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Zhang, Qin An, Dongsheng Xiao, Tianjun He, Tong Tang, Qingming Wu, Ying Nian Tighe, Joseph Xing, Yifan AWS AI Labs Shanghai Peoples R China Amazon Web Serv Shanghai Peoples R China Alexa AI Seattle WA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

In deep metric learning for visual recognition, the calibration of distance thresholds is crucial for achieving desired model performance in the true positive rates (TPR) or true negative rates (TNR). However, calibrating this threshold presents challenges in open-world scenarios, where the test classes can be entirely disjoint from those encountered during training. We define the problem of finding distance thresholds for a trained embedding model to achieve target performance metrics over unseen open-world test classes as open-world threshold calibration. Existing posthoc threshold calibration methods, reliant on inductive inference and requiring a calibration dataset with a similar distance distribution as the test data, often prove ineffective in open-world scenarios. To address this, we introduce OpenGCN, a Graph Neural Network-based transductive threshold calibration method with enhanced adaptability and robustness. OpenGCN learns to predict pairwise connectivity for the unlabeled test instances embedded in a graph to determine its TPR and TNR at various distance thresholds, allowing for transductive inference of the distance thresholds which also incorporates test-time information. Extensive experiments across open-world visual recognition benchmarks validate OpenGCN's superiority over existing posthoc calibration methods for open-world threshold calibration.

关键词： deep metric learning open world recognition Posthoc calibration

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