Introducing robots to future construction sites will impose extra uncertainties and necessitate workers' situational awareness (SA) of them. While previous literature has suggested that system errors, trust change...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485224
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485224
Introducing robots to future construction sites will impose extra uncertainties and necessitate workers' situational awareness (SA) of them. While previous literature has suggested that system errors, trust changes, and time pressure may affect SA, the linkage between these factors and workers' SA in the future construction industry is understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to fill the research gap by simulating a future bricklaying worker-robot collaborative task where participants experienced robot errors and time pressure during the interaction. The results indicated that robot errors significantly impacted subjects' trust in robots. However, under time pressure in time-critical construction tasks, workers were tended to recover their reduced trust in the faulty robots (sometimes over-trust) and reduce their situational awareness. The contributions of this study lie in providing insights into the importance of SA in future jobsites and the need for investigating effective strategies for better preparing future workers.
Safety planning is currently a manual and labor-intensive task. As a response, there has been active research on automated safety planning approaches. With the emergence of digital twins and the increased temporal res...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485248
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485248
Safety planning is currently a manual and labor-intensive task. As a response, there has been active research on automated safety planning approaches. With the emergence of digital twins and the increased temporal resolution of updates on the status of a construction site, automated approaches for safety analysis will be necessary to exploit this increasing quantity of data. Nevertheless, creating a digital representation of the construction site and performing safety planning is computationally complex and intensive. It is not feasible to re-compute the safety assessment of the entire construction situation from scratch for every change that occurs. This work presents a novel approach to capture incremental localized changes happening in the construction situation, that is, when one or more elements are constructed, but the rest of the site remains unchanged. The changes are captured in a graph-based structure where the affected safety elements can efficiently and rapidly be extracted, facilitating a targeted re-computation. This work also demonstrates other benefits of the graph, such as improved decision support for construction planning.
Design intent is communicated using 2D plans or 3D rendered building models displayed on 2D monitors. Buildings are designed to comply with American Disability Act (ADA) and code requirements. It is impossible to visi...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485248
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485248
Design intent is communicated using 2D plans or 3D rendered building models displayed on 2D monitors. Buildings are designed to comply with American Disability Act (ADA) and code requirements. It is impossible to visit buildings before they are built to check how they feel and perform for diverse occupants' needs. How can we know that future buildings will not only comply with ADA requirements but will also be as welcoming for a person in a wheelchair as they will be for people without disabilities? This requires an empathic design mindset. How can virtual field trips in building models advance project-based learning towards developing an empathic design mindset of the next generation AEC workforce? The paper presents an empathic design mindset framework developed and tested to study and define the AEC learners' transformative journey from emotional to cognitive empathy experiences gained through virtual field trips in buildings towards developing an empathic design mindset.
The construction industry has been experiencing a severe welder shortage in the US. Therefore, the development of welding robotics that can move around the job site and perform welding is in critical need. Moreover, w...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485224
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485224
The construction industry has been experiencing a severe welder shortage in the US. Therefore, the development of welding robotics that can move around the job site and perform welding is in critical need. Moreover, welding robotics removes health-related issues associated with harmful fumes, elevated temperatures, and strenuous physical labor. It will also reduce the risk of injuries. An autonomous robot operating on a construction site must be able to detect obstacles, navigate to welding material, and then perform welding on the desired material. This paper focuses on developing an integrated unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) system with an automated robotic welding system to provide mobility for the construction site. The autonomous system maps and navigates with collision avoidance using a 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor. When the robot has reached the desired position where the target welding material is located, the robotic welding system automatically performs the welding process using visual sensors. A hardware and software integration between the UGV and the robotic welding system is also proposed. The results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events, resulting in more extreme flash flooding events. To increase flood resilience in urban areas, there is a need for local-scale f...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485248
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485248
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events, resulting in more extreme flash flooding events. To increase flood resilience in urban areas, there is a need for local-scale flood information systems to guide evacuation and rescue operations. However, current guidance for inland areas prone to riverine flooding is often limited and ambiguous due to limited application of urban-scale hydrodynamic models and digital urban feature datasets. To address these challenges, this study proposes an operational framework that integrates a validated urban-scale flood forecasting model, high-resolution urban point cloud datasets, human vulnerability model, and transportation network to predict rescue and evacuation routes. Using Manville Township in New Jersey as a case study, the study reveals the time-varying nature of evacuation route for residents and rescuers during Hurricane Ida. The results highlight the importance of an operational framework with flood forecasting systems to increase the effectiveness of evacuation actions.
Wildfire damage related to residential areas causes enormous economic and social losses. Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken at the appropriate time to reduce the damage to residential infrastructure caused ...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485248
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485248
Wildfire damage related to residential areas causes enormous economic and social losses. Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken at the appropriate time to reduce the damage to residential infrastructure caused by the disaster. Post-wildfire assessment of a home can play an important role in understanding the overall extent of damage and developing a disaster mitigation plan for the future. Unfortunately, these assessments require extensive on-site investigation, which takes a lot of human resources and time. As a way to compensate for this, this study provides an efficient and effective methodology to perform damage assessments of housing after a wildfire using deep learning techniques to efficiently analyze unmanned aircraft systems' (UAS) imagery of residential areas. Application of this efficient methodology reduces the need for on-site investigation and associated safety risks as well as enables decision-makers to rapidly assess a large area to determine the relative degree of damage to structures and develop cost estimates for a community for damages after a wildfire.
Field-of-view calibration is essential for establishing the relationship between 2D image coordinates inside the camera and 3D real-world coordinates of the traffic scene. For many surveillance-based traffic applicati...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485224
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485224
Field-of-view calibration is essential for establishing the relationship between 2D image coordinates inside the camera and 3D real-world coordinates of the traffic scene. For many surveillance-based traffic applications, the field-of-view calibration involves precisely extracting the three orthogonal vanishing points. However, many traffic scenes lack parallel lines along all three dominant directions, making it difficult to successfully calibrate using the present methods. This study proposed a novel method for estimating the three mutually orthogonal vanishing points in traffic scenes. To determine the dominant directions of the real-world coordinate frame, this method exploits the visual features of both the road environment and moving vehicles and avoids the need for parameter tuning through trial and error in different scenarios. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, laboratory tests were conducted. The outcomes demonstrated the potential of the method in traffic scenes with scarce parallel line features.
As the construction industry faces the challenges of a worker shortage and low productivity rate, there is a growing interest in using human-robot collaboration (HRC) in construction. HRC allows for a combination of t...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485224
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485224
As the construction industry faces the challenges of a worker shortage and low productivity rate, there is a growing interest in using human-robot collaboration (HRC) in construction. HRC allows for a combination of the accuracy and repeatability of robots with the flexibility and intelligence of human workers. To take advantage of its potential benefits, it is important for construction workers who are not robotic experts to interact easily with robots through intuitive and natural user interfaces. Even though many studies have been performed on HRC using natural language, little research has been conducted on this topic in construction. This paper conducts natural language understanding of language instructions for pick-and-place operations in construction using the language model Joint BERT. Experimental results show high accuracy on intent classification and slot filling tasks, allowing the robot to perform tasks accurately for a given natural language instruction.
Due to the labor-intensive nature of construction tasks, workers are exposed to an increased risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Recently, a wide range of wearable robots (i.e., exoskeletons) has e...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485248
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485248
Due to the labor-intensive nature of construction tasks, workers are exposed to an increased risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Recently, a wide range of wearable robots (i.e., exoskeletons) has emerged in construction to reduce the risk of WMSDs. Although there are promising prospects for wearable robots to minimize the physical demands on workers, there is limited knowledge about their fundamental impacts on workers. In particular, there is a lack of studies on the impact of wearable robots on workers' gait stability in dangerous situations, such as heights, which puts workers at high risk. To fill this gap, this study evaluated the impact of powered back-support exoskeletons on workers' gait stability at heights through kinematic analysis. The analysis revealed that working at height with a back-support exoskeleton does not diminish users' gait stability. The findings can shed light on the widespread adoption of back-support exoskeletons in construction.
With the rapid urbanization and increasing complexity of infrastructure systems, there is a growing need for innovative and efficient methods to monitor and maintain these assets. The advent of digital twin technology...
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ISBN:
(数字)9780784485231
ISBN:
(纸本)9780784485231
With the rapid urbanization and increasing complexity of infrastructure systems, there is a growing need for innovative and efficient methods to monitor and maintain these assets. The advent of digital twin technology and advancements in computer vision have opened new avenues for utilizing crowdsourced data to improve infrastructure management, monitor conditions, and prioritize maintenance activities. This study presents a novel approach for estimating the camera pose of crowdsourced images, enabling their integration into digital twin models without requiring explicit location information. This method mitigates data privacy concerns, promotes cost-effective monitoring, and enhances stakeholder communication by aligning 2D image data with 3D digital twin models. A case study demonstrates the proposed methodology's effectiveness and adaptability in real-world situations, showcasing its potential for fostering resilient and sustainable urban environments.
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