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TOWARD AN INTEGRATED SET OF SURFACE METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS FOR CLIMATE science AND APPLICATIONS

BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017年第12期98卷 2689-2702页

作者： Thorne, P. W. Allan, R. J. Ashcroft, L. Brohan, P. Dunn, R. J. H. Menne, M. J. Pearce, P. R. Picas, J. Willett, K. M. Benoy, M. Bronnimann, S. Canziani, P. O. Coll, J. Crouthamel, R. Compo, G. P. Cuppett, D. Curley, M. Duffy, C. Gillespie, I. Guijarro, J. Jourdain, S. Kent, E. C. Kubota, H. Legg, T. P. Li, Q. Matsumoto, J. Murphy, C. Rayner, N. A. Rennie, J. J. Rustemeier, E. Slivinski, L. C. Slonosky, V. Squintu, A. Tinz, B. Valente, M. A. Walsh, S. Wang, X. L. Westcott, N. Wood, K. Woodruff, S. D. Worley, S. J. Maynooth Univ Dept Geog Irish Climate Anal Res Units Maynooth Kildare Ireland Met Off Hadley Ctr Exeter Devon England Univ Rovira & Virgili Ctr Climate Change Tarragona Spain NOAA Natl Ctr Environm Informat Asheville NC USA Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Auckland New Zealand Univ Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Australian Govt Bur Meteorol Australian Meteorol Assoc Citizen Sci Unit Adelaide SA Australia Univ Bern Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res Bern Switzerland Univ Bern Inst Geog Bern Switzerland Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn Natl Sci & Tech Res Council Buenos Aires DF Argentina Int Environm Data Rescue Org Deale MD USA Univ Colorado Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci Boulder CO USA NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab Phys Sci Div Boulder CO USA Met Eireann Dublin Ireland AEMET Madrid Spain Meteo France Toulouse France Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton Hants England Univ Tokyo Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst Tokyo Chiba Japan Yat Sen Univ Sch Atmospher Sci Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China Tokyo Metropolitan Univ Dept Geog Tokyo Japan North Carolina State Univ CICS NC Raleigh NC USA Deutscher Wetterdienst Offenbach Germany McGill Univ Montreal PQ Canada KNMI De Bilt Netherlands Deutscher Wetterdienst Hamburg Germany Univ Lisbon IDL Fac Sci Lisbon Portugal Environm & Climate Change Canada Climate Res Div Toronto ON Canada Univ Illinois Midwestern Reg Climate Ctr Urbana IL USA Univ Washington JISAO Seattle WA 98195 USA Natl Ctr Atmospher Res Boulder CO USA

Observations are the foundation for understanding the climate system. Yet, currently available land meteorological data are highly fractured into various global, regional, and national holdings for different variables and time scales, from a variety of sources, and in a mixture of formats. Added to this, many data are still inaccessible for analysis and usage. To meet modern scientific and societal demands as well as emerging needs such as the provision of climate services, it is essential that we improve the management and curation of available land-based meteorological holdings. We need a comprehensive global set of data holdings, of known provenance, that is truly integrated both across essential climate variables (ECVs) and across time scales to meet the broad range of stakeholder needs. These holdings must be easily discoverable, made available in accessible formats, and backed up by multitiered user support. The present paper provides a high-level overview, based upon broad community input, of the steps that are required to bring about this integration. The significant challenge is to find a sustained means to realize this vision. This requires a long-term international program. The database that results will transform our collective ability to provide societally relevant research, analysis, and predictions in many weather- and climate-related application areas across much of the globe.

关键词： Laboratories Meteorological data Data processing Fractures Geography computer programs Metadata Climate Provenance Environmental science Meteorological observations Measurement techniques 19th century Time Climate change

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Overlapping Coalition Formation Game Based Opportunistic Cooperative Localization Scheme for Wireless Networks

Overlapping Coalition Formation Game Based Opportunistic Coo...

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作者： Zhang, Rongqing Zhao, Zijun Cheng, Xiang Yang, Liuqing State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing100080 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO80523 United States Research Center for Development Strategy China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Beijing100041 China

Cooperative localization has emerged as a promising technique which can complement or even replace global positioning systems (GPS) in many practical scenarios, such as GPS-denied environments. In this paper, we concentrate on the distributed cooperative localization design. The conventional distributed cooperative localization approaches usually yield high computational complexity and communication overhead, due to the lack of an efficient link selection mechanism. For this purpose, we propose a novel concept named opportunistic cooperative localization, based on which each agent is able to select the most informative links rather than utilize all the possible links in a distributed, self-organized, and self-optimized manner. To achieve effective opportunistic selection, overlapping coalition formation (OCF) game is employed. In addition, we also provide an optimized terminating criterion, based on which the agents will be able to know whether and when they are well localized, and thus can terminate their localization procedure efficiently. Through simulations, we observe that by virtue of the proposed OCF game based opportunistic cooperative localization scheme along with the provided terminating criterion, the limitations of conventional distributed cooperative localization can be alleviated at the cost of negligible performance degradation. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Global positioning system

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Development of an experimental platform for analysis of cyber attacks on the power grid 124

Development of an experimental platform for analysis of cybe...

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124th ASEE Annual conference and Exposition

作者： Kollmer, James Dylan Irwin, Robert Sambuca Biswas, Saroj K. Saad, Walid Sarwat, Arif I. Bai, Li Temple University United States Virginia Tech United States Florida International University United States

This paper presents the development of a single generator networked control system (NCS) to provide an experimental platform for cyber security studies on the power grid. The generator NCS is comprised of three main components: 1) a synchronous generator in a two-bus system, 2) a data acquisition (DAQ) unit, and 3) a controller connected in a local area network. The two-bus power grid consists of a LabVolt synchronous generator driven by a dynamometer serving as the prime mover, and the field circuit controlled by insulated gate bipolar junction transistor (IGBT) DC/DC chopper, transmission line, and load bank (resistor, capacitor, inductor). The DAQ unit is comprised of voltage and current transformers and op-amp circuits that are interfaced with an Arduino Uno microprocessor for analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and further processing. The DAQ system sends the voltage and current data to the controller via the Ethernet link. The controller is implemented in software in a laptop and sends control signals to a separate Arduino which is then responsible for controlling the voltage applied to the field circuit of the synchronous generator. This is accomplished through the use of an IGBT chopper which is controlled by a pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage signal produced by the Arduino. Experimental results are presented that show the effects of cyber-attacks on a generator control system. A baseline for the behavior of the two-bus system is first established by operating the generator under various load conditions for which the controller maintains the desired terminal voltage. Then a series of data injection attacks (biasing and random data) and a Denial-of-service attack were launched. With no attack prevention mechanism in place, the developed experimental platform provides a facility to observe and evaluate the impacts of various cyber-attacks on a real physical power generator. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2017.

关键词： Controllers

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Performance Analysis of CDN-P2P Networks Based on Processer-Sharing Queues

Performance Analysis of CDN-P2P Networks Based on Processer-...

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2017 IEEE 8th international conference on Software Engineering and service science

作者： Xiaofeng Zhang Baoqun Yin Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China

With the development of computer, Internet and multimedia technology, network services based streaming media are widely used. The network services include video-on-demand(VOD), video broadcast, IPTV and a variety of value-added services. Content delivery network(CDN) is used to provide such services by many service provides. In this paper we consider a CDN-P2 P networks system in which heterogeneous servers operating under the processor sharing(PS) discipline. In the system, when a stream of users' requests arrive at a media server, it will provide service if it can, or it will inquire directory server to find a suitable media server which can provide this service. This is a redirect process. To find a better redirection strategy, we analyze the performance of a single server using the finite capacity M/M/1/N-PS model first. For this model, two exact expressions are derived for both user's average service time and average waiting time. Then we analyze the performance of the CDN-P2 P networks system by adopting different redirection strategies. Finally, some numerical examples are made to check our results.

关键词： Network performance CDN-P2P Networks Processer-Sharing Queues M/M/1/N-PS model

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Parallel checking of content integrity in multi-cloud storage of heterogeneous sensor systems

Parallel checking of content integrity in multi-cloud storag...

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作者： Mao, Jian Chen, Yue Zhang, Yan Xu, Xiandong Zhou, Yajian Liu, Jianwei School of Electronic and Information Engineering BeiHang University Beijing100191 China School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China

Heterogeneous sensor systems collect a large amount of sensor data. Because of limited processing capability of sensor nodes, such data are typically stored and processed in a centralized environment in the cloud. However, when data are managed and processed by multiple cloud servers, users do not physically possess these data. The risk of unauthorized access to the cloud data increases dramatically. Therefore, enforcing the integrity of the outsourced data remotely becomes a challenge in the heterogeneous sensor system. Remote data possession auditing is a solution to guarantee the availability and integrity of data outsourced to the cloud. Most existing solutions only target at a single cloud service provider (CSP) environment without considering the multi-cloud scenario. How to audit the data possession among the distributed CSP servers effectively becomes a major concern. In this paper, we propose a parallel cloud data possession checking scheme for the multi-cloud environment. Our approach utilizes the homomorphic verification tag created by the Paillier cryptosystem to support unlimited query challenges and introduces the error-correction encoding method to ensure error localization and data correction. We prototype our solution and analyze the scheme comprehensively. Our evaluation results demonstrate the efficiency and security of our method. It also supports simultaneous verification of multiple CSPs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Cloud storage

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Function Execution and Coordinated Reform of Self-governance Organization in China Rural and Urban Areas——Based on a Survey of the Administration Legislation Difference in Guangdong

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2017公共管理国际会议（第十二届）暨西非研究论坛（第一届）

作者： JIA Hai-wei LIU Hui YANG Hui ZHU Han-ping Public Administration College South China Agricultural Uinversity Business Administration Department of Guangdong College of Industry and Commerce

ISBN: (纸本)9787564752224

An investigation held within 24 urban and rural grassroots communities in Guangzhou and Yunfu in Guangdong Province had found that one of the important factors that lead to the social isolation between urban and rural areas is the heterogeneity of system of urban and rural grassroots self-managementsystem supply. So far we can learn is the committees of village resident and city resident are running under different laws as "The Organic Law of Village Resident Committees" and "The Organic Law of City Residents Committees" that endow different functions on them, leading to the heterogeneity and disruption of urban and rural social management at the grass-roots level. Due to the rapid urbanization, the rural and urban residents are more desire to have the same life of same quality of autonomous service, social management and sociality as the difference between their social lives had been revealed by deeper interaction. The social change have requested to promote the development of urban and rural areas harmoniously, change the VRC to the CRC or the CMC, unify the urban and rural social management system, and break off the isolation reality by this system innovation path that integrating the grassroots autonomous organizations.

关键词： Social management system innovation Urban and rural separate governance Harmonious development of urban and rural areas

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S-PDH: A CPS service Contract Framework for Composition 13th

S-PDH: A CPS Service Contract Framework for Composition

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13th international conference on service-Oriented Computing (ICSOC)

作者： Ye, Lin Qian, Kaiyu Zhang, Liang Fudan Univ Sch Comp Sci Shanghai Key Lab Data Sci Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9783662505397;9783662505380

Cyber-Physical systems (CPSs) are complex systems in which physical processes are tightly interacting with networked computing components. Some pilot researches suggest that service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) by promising to guide the development of CPSs, but most of them neglect continuous physical behaviors for coinciding with traditional SOA. Consequently, developed CPS services cannot properly support the tight interaction between physical processes and computing. In this paper, we propose a novel framework S-PDH, in which a CPS service is characterized by a three-level of service contracts, namely, the physical property contract, the dynamic physical behavior contract, and the hybrid system behavior contract. Based on the framework, we study CPS service composition. This study introduces a novel SOA solution to CPS development, and promotes service computing to a new frontier.

关键词： service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Cyber-Physical system (CPS) Modeling service contract service composition

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A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Efficient Data Structure and Heuristic Initialization for Fault service Restoration

A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Efficient Data...

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16th Annual international conference on Computational science (ICCS)

作者： Camillo, Marcos H. M. Romero, Marcel E. V. Fanucchi, Rodrigo Z. de Lima, Telma Woerle da Silva Soares, Anderson Augusto London Junior, Joao Bosco Botazzo Delbem, Alexandre Claudio Marques, Leandro Tolomeu Maciel, Carlos Dias Paranaense Co Energy Londrina Parana Brazil Univ Fed Goias Goiania Go Brazil Univ Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

service restoration in energy distribution systems is a complex optimization problem with many restrictions. After a fault occurrence, the challenge is obtain a service restoration plan reconnecting all the healthy out-of-service areas satisfying all the operational and technical constraints. Recent works have study the use of meta-heuristics in order to find a sub-optimal solution with low computational complexity. One of these works include the use of a multi-objective algorithm with a new data structure called node depth encoding. This paper proposes and analyses the use of a new heuristic initialization procedure to be used with node depth encoding which guarantees the analysis of all possible solutions considering only a restricted number of switches incident to the out-of-service areas. The proposed methodology is evaluated by applying it to the real and large-scale distribution system of Londrina city (Brazil). The results showed that the new heuristic improves the overall performance reducing the number of switches operations to reconfigure the distribution system.

关键词： Evolutionary Algorithm Optimization Real World Problem

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Design, code, build, test: Development of an experiential learning summer engineering and computer science outreach program for high school students (evaluation) 124

Design, code, build, test: Development of an experiential le...

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124th ASEE Annual conference and Exposition

作者： Artis, Sharnnia Washington, Gregory N. University of California Irvine United States

The science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) "pipeline" that is imagined to guide students from middle school into successful STEM careers implies a single path. This path often requires students to develop an interest in STEM by middle school, choose particular math and science courses in middle- and high-school, and gain experience and exposure in STEM activities through their high school tenure. While successful for approximately 7% of students who entered 9th grade in 2001, this system has filtered out 93% of the population, including many students who might have had interest and potential to pursue STEM careers. Importantly, this pernicious systemic problem impacts students of color (African American, Hispanic American, American Indian and Alaska Native students) disproportionately. To address this challenge, Access Summer Program to Inspire Recruit and Enrich (ASPIRE) was designed to broaden the participation of students of color and students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds by inspiring and preparing them to pursue degrees in engineering and computing. ASPIRE is a two-week residential summer outreach program with emphasis on the engineering and technology components of STEM to prepare high-school students with 21st century skills of critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. The program provides students with the confidence needed to enter the dynamic workforce of the future, which requires understanding of basic structure, materials and electrical design and computing. This program is guided by project-based learning, an experiential learning pedagogy that focuses on excitement, engagement, applying the scientific method and engineering process, and making a presentation to demonstrate mastery of these principles. ASPIRE introduces students to the fields of computer science and engineering. Students participate in hands-on group projects centered on the Internet-of-Things. The experiential learning experience provides students e

关键词： Students

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A Sensor Network for Real-Time Volcano Tomography: system Design and Deployment

A Sensor Network for Real-Time Volcano Tomography: System De...

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international conference on computer Communication and Networks

作者： Dennis E. Phillips Mohammad-Mahdi Moazzami Guoliang Xing Jonathan M. Lees Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA Department of Geological Sciences University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA

Volcano tomography provides valuable information concerning the internal structure of a volcano. During times of increased volcano activities, real-time images of the interior would allow seismologists to better understand volcanic dynamics. However, real-time tomography requires spatial coverage of the volcano utilizing large number of seismic sensors. The current broadband seismic sensors used in volcanology are expensive and difficult to install in large quantities. In this paper, we present the design and deployment of the first wireless sensor network that is capable of in-network processing of seismic signals and performing real-time volcano tomography. Specifically, our system design addresses several major challenges in real-time volcano tomography, including high data intensity and compute overhead, dynamic nature of seismic activities, and extended operational lifetime. We systematically analyze the system delay and lifetime, and present a dynamic scheme that assigns compute tasks to different system tiers to meet energy and delay constraints. Lastly, we present learned lessons from deploying the system on two volcanoes in Ecuador and Chile in 2012 and 2015. Our study shows the feasibility of achieving innetwork volcanic event detection and real-time tomography using a sensor network that is two orders of magnitude less expensive than traditional seismic equipment.

关键词： deploying volcanoes traditional seismic equipment

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