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Exploiting Coarse-Grain Speculative Parallelism 11

Exploiting Coarse-Grain Speculative Parallelism

引用

2011 acm international conference on object oriented programming systems languages and Applications

作者： Pyla, Hari K. Ribbens, Calvin Varadarajan, Srinidhi Virginia Tech Dept Comp Sci Ctr High End Comp Syst Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

Speculative execution at coarse granularities (e.g., code-blocks, methods, algorithms) offers a promising programming model for exploiting parallelism on modern architectures. In this paper we present Anumita, a framework that includes programming constructs and a supporting run-time system to enable the use of coarse-grain speculation to improve program performance, without burdening the programmer with the complexity of creating, managing and retiring speculations. Speculations may be composed by specifying surrogate code blocks at any arbitrary granularity, which are then executed concurrently, with a single winner ultimately modifying program state. Anumita provides expressive semantics for winner selection that go beyond time to solution to include user-defined notions of quality of solution. Anumita can be used to improve the performance of hard to parallelize algorithms whose performance is highly dependent on input data. Anumita is implemented as a user-level runtime with programming interfaces to C, C++, Fortran and as an OpenMP extension. Performance results from several applications show the efficacy of using coarse-grain speculation to achieve (a) robustness when surrogates fail and (b) significant speedup over static algorithm choices.

关键词： Algorithms Design languages Measurement and Performance Speculative Parallelism Coarse-grain Speculation Concurrent programming and Runtime systems

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Flexible object Layouts Enabling Lightweight Language Extensions by Intercepting Slot Access 11

Flexible Object Layouts Enabling Lightweight Language Extens...

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2011 acm international conference on object oriented programming systems languages and Applications

作者： Verwaest, Toon Lungu, Mircea Nierstrasz, Oscar Bruni, Camillo Univ Bern Software Composit Grp CH-3012 Bern Switzerland INRIA Lille Nord Europe RMoD Lille France

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

programming idioms, design patterns and application libraries often introduce cumbersome and repetitive boilerplate code to a software system. Language extensions and external DSLs (domain specific languages) are sometimes introduced to reduce the need for boilerplate code, but they also complicate the system by introducing the need for language dialects and inter-language mediation. To address this, we propose to extend the structural reflective model of the language with object layouts, layout scopes and slots. Based on the new reflective language model we can 1) provide behavioral hooks to object layouts that are triggered when the fields of an object are accessed and 2) simplify the implementation of state-related language extensions such as stateful traits. By doing this we show how many idiomatic use cases that normally require boilerplate code can be more effectively supported. We present an implementation in Smalltalk, and illustrate its usage through a series of extended examples.

关键词： Reflection Smalltalk Structural Reflection Metaobject Protocol Traits

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Tool-supported Refactoring for JavaScript

Tool-supported Refactoring for JavaScript

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2th acm international conference on systems, programming, languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH)

作者： Feldthaus, Asger Millstein, Todd Moller, Anders Schaefer, Max Tip, Frank Aarhus Univ DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

Refactoring is a popular technique for improving the structure of existing programs while maintaining their behavior. For statically typed programming languages such as Java, a wide variety of refactorings have been described, and tool support for performing refactorings and ensuring their correctness is widely available in modern IDEs. For the JavaScript programming language, however, existing refactoring tools are less mature and often unable to ensure that program behavior is preserved. Refactoring algorithms that have been developed for statically typed languages are not applicable to JavaScript because of its dynamic nature. We propose a framework for specifying and implementing JavaScript refactorings based on pointer analysis. We describe novel refactorings motivated by best practice recommendations for JavaScript programming, and demonstrate how they can be described concisely in terms of queries provided by our framework. Experiments performed with a prototype implementation on a suite of existing applications show that our approach is well-suited for developing practical refactoring tools for JavaScript.

关键词： languages

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Safe and Atomic Run-time Code Evolution for Java and its Application to Dynamic AOP 11

Safe and Atomic Run-time Code Evolution for Java and its App...

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2th acm international conference on systems, programming, languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH)

作者： Wuerthinger, Thomas Ansaloni, Danilo Binder, Walter Wimmer, Christian Moessenboeck, Hanspeter Johannes Kepler Univ Linz Linz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

Dynamic updates to running programs improve development productivity and reduce downtime of long-running applications. This feature is however severely limited in current virtual machines for object-oriented languages. In particular, changes to classes often apply only to methods invoked after a class change, but not to active methods on the call stack of threads. Additionally, adding and removing methods as well as fields is often not supported. We present a novel programming model for safe and atomic code updates of Java programs that also updates methods that are currently executed. We introduce safe update regions and pause threads only there before an update. We automatically convert the stack frames to suit the new versions of the methods. Our implementation is based on a production-quality Java virtual machine. Additionally, we present Safe Weave, a dynamic aspect-oriented programming system that exposes the atomic code updates through a high-level programming model. AspectJ advice can be added to and removed from a running application. Changes are atomic and correctness is guaranteed even though weaving happens in parallel to program execution, and the system fully supports the dynamic class loading of Java. We show that the enhanced evolution features do not incur any performance penalty before and after version changes.

关键词： Java virtual machine run-time evolution code evolution dynamic software updating update regions dynamic aspect-oriented programming AOP AspectJ

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Freedom Before Commitment A Lightweight Type System for object Initialisation 11

Freedom Before Commitment A Lightweight Type System for Obje...

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2011 acm international conference on object oriented programming systems languages and Applications

作者： Summers, Alexander J. Mueller, Peter Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

One of the main purposes of object initialisation is to establish invariants such as a field being non-null or an immutable data structure containing specific values. These invariants are then implicitly assumed by the rest of the implementation, for instance, to ensure that a field may be safely dereferenced or that immutable data may be accessed concurrently. Consequently, letting an object escape from its constructor is dangerous;the escaping object might not yet satisfy its invariants, leading to errors in code that relies on them. Nevertheless, preventing objects entirely from escaping from their constructors is too restrictive;it is often useful to call auxiliary methods on the object under initialisation or to pass it to another constructor to set up mutually-recursive structures. We present a type system that tracks which objects are fully initialised and which are still under initialisation. The system can be used to prevent objects from escaping, but also to allow safe escaping by making explicit which objects might not yet satisfy their invariants. We designed, formalised and implemented our system as an extension to a non-null type system, but it is not limited to this application. Our system is conceptually simple and requires little annotation overhead;it is sound and sufficiently expressive for many common programming idioms. Therefore, we believe it to be the first such system suitable for mainstream use.

关键词： Design languages Reliability

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SugarJ: Library-based Syntactic Language Extensibility 11

SugarJ: Library-based Syntactic Language Extensibility

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2011 acm international conference on object oriented programming systems languages and Applications

作者： Erdweg, Sebastian Rendel, Tillmann Kaestner, Christian Ostermann, Klaus Univ Marburg D-35032 Marburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

Existing approaches to extend a programming language with syntactic sugar often leave a bitter taste, because they cannot be used with the same ease as the main extension mechanism of the programming language-libraries. Sugar libraries are a novel approach for syntactically extending a programming language within the language. A sugar library is like an ordinary library, but can, in addition, export syntactic sugar for using the library. Sugar libraries maintain the composability and scoping properties of ordinary libraries and are hence particularly well-suited for embedding a multitude of domain-specific languages into a host language. They also inherit self-applicability from libraries, which means that sugar libraries can provide syntactic extensions for the definition of other sugar libraries. To demonstrate the expressiveness and applicability of sugar libraries, we have developed SugarJ, a language on top of Java, SDF and Stratego, which supports syntactic extensibility. SugarJ employs a novel incremental parsing technique, which allows changing the syntax within a source file. We demonstrate SugarJ by five language extensions, including embeddings of XML and closures in Java, all available as sugar libraries. We illustrate the utility of self-applicability by embedding XML Schema, a metalanguage to define XML languages.

关键词： languages SugarJ language extensibility syntactic sugar DSL embedding language composition libraries

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Automatic Fine-Grain Locking using Shape Properties 11

Automatic Fine-Grain Locking using Shape Properties

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2011 acm international conference on object oriented programming systems languages and Applications

作者： Golan-Gueta, Guy Bronson, Nathan Aiken, Alex Ramalingam, G. Sagiv, Mooly Yahav, Eran Tel Aviv Univ Tel Aviv Israel Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Technion Israel Inst Technol IL-32000 Haifa Israel

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

We present a technique for automatically adding fine-grain locking to an abstract data type that is implemented using a dynamic forest -i.e., the data structures may be mutated, even to the point of violating forestness temporarily during the execution of a method of the ADT. Our automatic technique is based on Domination Locking, a novel locking protocol. Domination locking is designed specifically for software concurrency control, and in particular is designed for object-oriented software with destructive pointer updates. Domination locking is a strict generalization of existing locking protocols for dynamically changing graphs. We show our technique can successfully add fine-grain locking to libraries where manually performing locking is extremely challenging. We show that automatic fine-grain locking is more efficient than coarse-grain locking, and obtains similar performance to hand-crafted fine-grain locking.

关键词： Theory Algorithms languages Performance Concurrency Locking Protocol Synthesis Serializability Atomicity Reduction

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Ribbons: A Partially Shared Memory programming Model 11

Ribbons: A Partially Shared Memory Programming Model

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2011 acm international conference on object oriented programming systems languages and Applications

作者： Hoffman, Kevin Metzger, Harrison Eugster, Patrick Purdue Univ Dept Comp Sci W Lafayette IN 47907 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

The need for programs to execute subcomponents in isolation from each other or with lower privileges is prevalent among today's systems. We introduce ribbons: a shared memory programming model that allows for more implicit sharing of memory than processes but is more restrictive than threads. Ribbons structure the heap into protection domains. Privileges between these protection domains are carefully controlled in order to confine computation. We propose RIBBONJ, a backwards-compatible extension of Java, to easily create or port programs to use the ribbons model. We study the progress and isolation properties of a subset of the language. Building on JikesRVM we implement ribbons by leveraging existing memory protection mechanisms in modern hardware and operating systems, avoiding the overhead of inline security checks and read or write barriers. We evaluate efficiency via microbenchmarks and the DaCapo suite, observing minor overhead. Additionally, we refactor Apache Tomcat to use ribbons for application isolation, discuss the refactoring's design and complexity, and evaluate performance using the SPECweb2009 benchmark.

关键词： Design languages Security shared memory virtual memory access control heap partitioning multithreading ribbons

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AC: Composable Asynchronous IO for Native languages 11

AC: Composable Asynchronous IO for Native Languages

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2011 acm international conference on object oriented programming systems languages and Applications

作者： Harris, Tim Abadi, Martin Isaacs, Rebecca McIlroy, Ross Microsoft Res Cambridge England Univ Calif Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA Coll France Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

This paper introduces AC, a set of language constructs for composable asynchronous IO in native languages such as C/C++. Unlike traditional synchronous IO interfaces, AC lets a thread issue multiple IO requests so that they can be serviced concurrently, and so that long-latency operations can be overlapped with computation. Unlike traditional asynchronous IO interfaces, AC retains a sequential style of programming without requiring code to use multiple threads, and without requiring code to be "stack-ripped" into chains of callbacks. AC provides an async statement to identify opportunities for IO operations to be issued concurrently, a do.. finish block that waits until any enclosed async work is complete, and a cancel statement that requests cancellation of unfinished IO within an enclosing do.. finish. We give an operational semantics for a core language. We describe and evaluate implementations that are integrated with message passing on the Barrelfish research OS, and integrated with asynchronous file and network IO on Microsoft Windows. We show that AC offers comparable performance to existing C/C++ interfaces for asynchronous IO, while providing a simpler programming model.

关键词： languages Performance

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Kind Analysis for MATLAB 11

Kind Analysis for MATLAB

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2011 acm international conference on object oriented programming systems languages and Applications

作者： Doherty, Jesse Hendren, Laurie Radpour, Soroush McGill Univ Montreal PQ H3A 2T5 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781450309400

MATLAB is a popular dynamic programming language used for scientific and numerical programming. As a language, it has evolved from a small scripting language intended as an interactive interface to numerical libraries, to a very popular language supporting many language features and libraries. The overloaded syntax and dynamic nature of the language, plus the somewhat organic addition of language features over the years, makes static analysis of modern MATLAB quite challenging. A fundamental problem in MATLAB is determining the kind of an identifier. Does an identifier refer to a variable, a named function or a prefix? Although this is a trivial problem for most programming languages, it was not clear how to do this properly in MATLAB. Furthermore, there was no simple explanation of kind analysis suitable for MATLAB programmers, nor a publicly-available implementation suitable for compiler researchers. This paper explains the required background of MATLAB, clarifies the kind assignment program, and proposes some general guidelines for developing good kind analyses. Based on these foundations we present our design and implementation of a variety of kind analyses, including an approach that matches the intended behaviour of modern MATLAB 7 and two potentially better alternatives. We have implemented all the variations of the kind analysis in MCLAB, our extensible compiler framework, and we present an empirical evaluation of the various analyses on a large set of benchmark programs.

关键词： Experimentation languages Performance MATLAB Name Resolution Kind Analysis

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