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22nd Brazilian Symposium on programming languages, SBLP 2018

作者： Cardoso, Diogo J. Vizzotto, Juliana K. Piveta, Eduardo K. Federal University of Santa Maria Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781450364805

While the object-orientation is the most used paradigm for developing general purpose software systems, the use of reactive systems has been growing lately. One of the differences between them is that while the first offers an imperative style, the latter focuses on a functional style. In this paper, we present the semantics for AsyncRFJ, an object-oriented language based on Featherweight Java, created to reason and to develop programs handling reactive data flow in the context of object-oriented programming. Additionally, we provide an interpreter for the proposed semantics and a set of examples designed to illustrate the language. © 2018 acm.

关键词： object oriented programming

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Activity contexts : Improving modularity in blockchain-based smart contracts using context-oriented programming 10

Activity contexts : Improving modularity in blockchain-based...

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10th international Workshop on Context-oriented programming: Advanced Modularity for Run-time Composition, COP 2018 - Co-located with the European conference on object-oriented programming

作者： Mattis, Toni Hirschfeld, Robert Software Architecture Group Hasso Plattner Institute University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450357227

Smart contracts formalize and automate interactions among and between individuals and systems in an executable and decentralized way. They are analogous to objects in object-oriented programming, but their behavior and state is replicated across multiple participants in a network and messages sent to the "object" are relayed to all network participants, allowing everyone to keep its replica up-todate. Originally introduced in the mid-1990s, their recent surge in popularity is linked to a rising interest in blockchain-backed, general-purpose smart contract platforms. Manging contract-specific state and behavior associated with the interacting parties and shared objects is a modularity challenge in smart contracts. Each contract has individual requirements for the (non-contract) objects it interacts with. We observed that smart contracts tend to manage object-specific state and behavior itself, often leading to a single monolithic mediator. We aim at improving encapsulation and separation of concerns by allowing programmers to modularly express instance-specific state and behavior within the scope of a so called Activity Context. Activity Contexts are an extension to objects that collect these modular adaptations and jointly overlay them over instances that participate in the activity modeled by the smart contract. We demonstrate the benefits of Activity Contexts by refactoring an exemplary smart contract and discuss their trade-offs compared to traditional object-oriented decomposition and their integration into an existing layer-based context-oriented ecosystem. © 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Smart contract

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Cross-cutting commentary : Narratives for multi-party mechanisms and concerns 10

Cross-cutting commentary : Narratives for multi-party mechan...

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10th international Workshop on Context-oriented programming: Advanced Modularity for Run-time Composition, COP 2018 - Co-located with the European conference on object-oriented programming

作者： Hirschfeld, Robert Dürschmid, Tobias Rein, Patrick Taeumel, Marcel Hasso Plattner Institute University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450357227

Cross-cutting concerns are an inherent property of the implementation of non-trivial software systems. Their study led to the development of advanced modularity constructs, usually supported by meta-level frameworks and programming language constructs, to improve comprehensibility. Because of their invasive nature, systems need to be refactored or rewritten to take advantage of these constructs. However, practical considerations such as organizational or economical constraints often do not allow for such reengineering efforts, leaving those systems without explicit representations of their cross-cutting concerns. We propose a lightweight, non-invasive approach to explicate and document cross-cutting, multi-party concerns called Crosscutting Commentary, or Commentary for short. Our proposal is based on the observation that comments are co-located with the individual semantic units they are about and with that scattered and tangled in the absence of advanced modularity constructs for crosscutting concerns and the assumption that well-crafted, informal explanations of system properties (their intents and the mechanisms they provide) improve comprehensibility. Commentaries are to help communicate narratives about system properties that involve multiple participants, both co-located in a single module or crosscutting several of them, and allow for navigating to, from, and between them to explore the implementation artifacts involved. Commentary was inspired by layers introduced with Contextoriented programming to associate and manage partial definitions of system elements. While layers contribute to system comprehension during development and software composition at run-time, Commentary focuses on narratives for system exploration. We present our first attempt to provide Commentaries in Squeak/Smalltalk. We explain implementation details and discuss several application scenarios considering the documentation of basic mechanisms of this programming and runtime environment

关键词： Aspect oriented programming

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SafeGPU: Contract- and library-based GPGPU for object-oriented languages

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COMPUTER languages systems & STRUCTURES 2017年 48卷 68-88页

作者： Kolesnichenko, Alexey Poskitt, Christopher M. Nanz, Sebastian Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Zurich Switzerland Singapore Univ Technol & Design Singapore Singapore Swiss Fed Inst Technol Chair Software Engn Zurich Switzerland

Using GPUs as general-purpose processors has revolutionized parallel computing by providing, for a large and growing set of algorithms, massive data-parallelization on desktop machines. An obstacle to their widespread adoption, however, is the difficulty of programming them and the low-level control of the hardware required to achieve good performance. This paper proposes a programming approach, SafeGPU, that aims to make GPU data-parallel operations accessible through high-level libraries for object-oriented languages, while maintaining the performance benefits of lower-level code. The approach provides data-parallel operations for collections that can be chained and combined to express compound computations, with data synchronization and device management all handled automatically. It also integrates the design-by-contract methodology, which increases confidence in functional program correctness by embedding executable specifications into the program text. We present a prototype of SafeGPU for Eiffel, and show that it leads to modular and concise code that is accessible for GPGPU non-experts, while still providing performance comparable with that of hand-written CUDA code. We also describe our first steps towards porting it to C#, highlighting some challenges, solutions, and insights for implementing the approach in different managed languages. Finally, we show that runtime contract-checking becomes feasible in SafeGPU, as the contracts can be executed on the GPU. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： GPGPU Parallel computing Runtime code generation Generative programming object-orientation Managed languages Design-by-contract Program correctness

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Modular interpreters with implicit context propagation

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COMPUTER languages systems & STRUCTURES 2017年 48卷 39-67页

作者： Inostroza, Pablo van der Storm, Tijs Ctr Wiskunde & Informat Amsterdam Netherlands

Modular interpreters are a crucial first step towards component-based language development: instead of writing language interpreters from scratch, they can be assembled from reusable, semantic building blocks. Unfortunately, traditional language interpreters can be hard to extend because different language constructs may require different interpreter signatures. For instance, arithmetic interpreters produce a value without any context information, whereas binding constructs require an additional environment. In this paper, we present a practical solution to this problem based on implicit context propagation. By structuring denotational-style interpreters as object Algebras, base interpreters can be retroactively lifted into new interpreters that have an extended signature. The additional parameters are implicitly propagated behind the scenes, through the evaluation of the base interpreter. Interpreter lifting enables a flexible style of modular and extensible language development. The technique works in mainstream object-oriented languages, does not sacrifice type safety or separate compilation, and can be easily automated, for instance using macros in Scala or dynamic proxies in Java. We illustrate implicit context propagation using a modular definition of Featherweight Java and its extension to support side-effects, and an extensible domain-specific language for state machines. We finally investigate the performance overhead of lifting by running the DeltaBlue benchmark program in Javascript on top of a modular implementation of LambdaJS and a dedicated micro-benchmark. The results show that lifting makes interpreters roughly twice as slow because of additional call overhead. Further research is needed to eliminate this performance penalty. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： programming languages (Electronic computers) object-oriented programming (Computer science) DENOTATIONAL semantics WEB proxy servers JAVA (Computer program language)

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Typed Architectures: Architectural Support for Lightweight Scripting 17

Typed Architectures: Architectural Support for Lightweight S...

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22nd acm international conference on Architectural Support for programming languages and Operating systems (ASPLOS)

作者： Kim, Channoh Kim, Jaehyeok Kim, Sungmin Kim, Dooyoung Kim, Namho Na, Gitae Oh, Young H. Cho, Hyeon Gyu Lee, Jae W. Sungkyunkwan Univ Suwon South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344654

Dynamic scripting languages are becoming more and more widely adopted not only for fast prototyping but also for developing production-grade applications. They provide high-productivity programming environments featuring high levels of abstraction with powerful built-in functions, automatic memory management, object-oriented programming paradigm and dynamic typing. However, their flexible, dynamic type systems easily become the source of inefficiency in terms of instruction count, memory footprint, and energy consumption. This overhead makes it challenging to deploy these high-productivity programming technologies on emerging single-board computers for IoT applications. Addressing this challenge, this paper introduces Typed Architectures, a high-efficiency, low-cost execution substrate for dynamic scripting languages, where each data variable retains high-level type information at an ISA level. Typed Architectures calculate and check the dynamic type of each variable implicitly in hardware, rather than explicitly in software, hence significantly reducing instruction count for dynamic type checking. Besides, Typed Architectures introduce polymorphic instructions (e.g., xadd), which are bound to the correct native instruction at runtime within the pipeline (e.g., add or fadd) to efficiently implement polymorphic operators. Finally, Typed Architectures provide hardware support for flexible yet efficient type tag extraction and insertion, capturing common data layout patterns of tag-value pairs. Our evaluation using a fully synthesizable RISC-V RTL design on FPGA shows that Typed Architectures achieve geomean speedups of 11.2% and 9.9% with max-imum speedups of 32.6% and 43.5% for two production-grade scripting engines for JavaScript and Lua, respectively. Moreover, Typed Architectures improve the energy-delay product (EDP) by 19.3% for JavaScript and 16.5% for Lua with an area overhead of 1.6% at a 40nm technology node.

关键词： Instruction Set Architecture Microarchitecture Pipeline Internet of Things (IoT) Interpreters Performance Scripting languages JavaScript Lua Type checking

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Classless Java 2016

Classless Java

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15th acm international conference on Generative programming - Concepts and Experiences (GPCE)

作者： Wang, Yanlin Zhang, Haoyuan Oliveira, Bruno C. D. S. Servetto, Marco Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Victoria Univ Wellington Wellington New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781450344463

This paper presents an OO style without classes, which we call interface-based object-oriented programming (IB). IB is a natural extension of closely related ideas such as traits. Abstract state operations provide a new way to deal with state, which allows for flexibility not available in classbased languages. In IB state can be type-refined in subtypes. The combination of a purely IB style and type-refinement enables powerful idioms using multiple inheritance and state. To introduce IB to programmers we created Classless Java: an embedding of IB directly into Java. Classless Java uses annotation processing for code generation and relies on new features of Java 8 for interfaces. The code generation techniques used in Classless Java have interesting properties, including guarantees that the generated code is type-safe and good integration with IDEs. Usefulness of IB and Classless Java is shown with examples and case studies.

关键词： Interface-based programming multiple inheritance code generation

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Type-Safe Modular Parsing 10

Type-Safe Modular Parsing

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10th acm sigplan international conference on Software Language Engineering (SLE) as part of acm sigplan conference on systems, programming, languages and Applications - Software for Humanity (SPLASH)

作者： Zhang, Haoyuan Li, Huang Oliveira, Bruno C. D. S. Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450355254

Over the years a lot of effort has been put on solving extensibility problems, while retaining important software engineering properties such as modular type-safety and separate compilation. Most previous work focused on operations that traverse and process extensible Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) structures. However, there is almost no work on operations that build such extensible ASTs, including parsing. This paper investigates solutions for the problem of modular parsing. We focus on semantic modularity and not just syntactic modularity. That is, the solutions should not only allow complete parsers to be built out of modular parsing components, but also enable the parsing components to be modularly type-checked and separately compiled. We present a technique based on parser combinators that enables modular parsing. We show that Packrat parsing techniques, provide solutions for such modularity problems, and enable reasonable performance in a modular setting. Extensibility is achieved using multiple inheritance and object Algebras. To evaluate the approach we conduct a case study based on the "Types and programming languages" interpreters. The case study shows the effectiveness at reusing parsing code from existing interpreters, and the total parsing code is 69% shorter than an existing code base using a non-modular parsing approach.

关键词： modular parsing object Algebras semantic modularity

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Revisiting Visitors for Modular Extension of Executable DSMLs 17

Revisiting Visitors for Modular Extension of Executable DSML...

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acm/IEEE 20th international conference on Model Driven Engineering languages and systems (MODELS)

作者： Leduc, Manuel Degueule, Thomas Combemale, Benoit van der Storm, Tijs Barais, Olivier Univ Rennes 1 Rennes France CWI Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Groningen Groningen Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9781538634929

Executable Domain-Specific Modeling languages (xDSMLs) are typically defined by metamodels that specify their abstract syntax, and model interpreters or compilers that define their execution semantics. To face the proliferation of xDSMLs in many domains, it is important to provide language engineering facilities for opportunistic reuse, extension, and customization of existing xDSMLs to ease the definition of new ones. Current approaches to language reuse either require to anticipate reuse, make use of advanced features that are not widely available in programming languages, or are not directly applicable to metamodel-based xDSMLs. In this paper, we propose a new language implementation pattern, named REVISITOR, that enables independent extensibility of the syntax and semantics of metamodel-based xDSMLs with incremental compilation and without anticipation. We seamlessly implement our approach alongside the compilation chain of the Eclipse Modeling Framework, thereby demonstrating that it is directly and broadly applicable in various modeling environments. We show how it can be employed to incrementally extend both the syntax and semantics of the fUML language without requiring anticipation or re-compilation of existing code, and with acceptable performance penalty compared to classical handmade visitors.

关键词： Syntactics Semantics object oriented modeling Java Context modeling Algebra Runtime Semantics object oriented modeling Context modeling Runtime syntax Algebra Java Java programming language semiotics reuse anticipation Metamodels Reuse

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Analyzing state-of-the-art role-based programming languages 17

Analyzing state-of-the-art role-based programming languages

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1st international conference on the Art, Science and Engineering of programming, programming 2017

作者： Schütze, Lars Castrillon, Jeronimo Compiler Construction TU Dresden Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450348362

With ubiquitous computing, autonomous cars, and cyber-physical systems (CPS), adaptive software becomes more and more important as computing is increasingly context-dependent. Role-based programming has been proposed to enable adaptive software design without the problem of scattering the context-dependent code. Adaptation is achieved by having objects play roles during runtime. With every role, the object's behavior is modified to adapt to the given context. In recent years, many role-based programming languages have been developed. While they greatly differ in the set of supported features, they all incur in large runtime overheads, resulting in inferior performance. The increased variability and expressiveness of the programming languages have a direct impact on the run-Time and memory consumption. In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of state-of-The-Art role-based programming languages, with emphasis on performance bottlenecks. We also provide insight on how to overcome these problems. © 2017 acm.

关键词： Software design

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