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General Data Association with Possibly Unresolved Measurements Using Linear Programming

General Data Association with Possibly Unresolved Measuremen...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshop, cvprw 2003

作者： Chen, Huimin Pattipati, Krishna Kirubarajan, Thiagalingam Bar-Shalom, Yaakov University of New Orleans Dept. of Electrical Engineering New OrleansLA70148 United States University of Connecticut Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. StorrsCT06269-2157 United States McMaster University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng. HamiltonON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0769519008

In this paper we formulate data association with possibly unresolved measurements as an augmented assignment problem. 0Unlike conventional measurement-to-track association via assignment, this augmented assignment problem has much greater complexity when each target originated measurement can be of single or multiple origins. The main point is that standard one-to-one assignment algorithms do not work in the case of unresolved measurements because the constraints in the augmented assignment problem are very different. A suboptimal approach is considered for solving the resulting optimization problem via linear programming (LP) by relaxing the integer constraints. A tracker based on probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) using the LP solutions is also discussed. Simulation results show that the percentage of track loss is significantly reduced by solving the augmented assignment rather than the conventional assignment. © 2003 ieee.

关键词： Linear programming

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Application of Structured Illumination in Nano-Scale vision

Application of Structured Illumination in Nano-Scale Vision

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshop, cvprw 2003

作者： Ryu, J. Horn, B.K.P. Mermelstein, M.S. Hong, S. Freeman, D.M. Harvard-MIT Div. of Health Sci. and Tech. CambridgeMA United States Dep. of Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci. MIT CambridgeMA United States Lightwave Instruments LLC WatertownMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769519008

We describe how structured illumination patterns can be used to increase the resolution of an imaging system for optical microscopy. A target is illuminated by a sequence of finely textured light patterns formed by the interference of multiple coherent beams. The sequence of brightness values reported from a single pixel of a CCD imager encodes the target contrast pattern with sub-pixel resolution. Fourier domain components at spatial frequencies contained in the probing illumination patterns can be recovered from the pixel brightness sequence by solving a set of over-determined linear equations. We show that uniform angular spacing of the beams generating the illumination patterns leads to less than ideal sampling of the transform space and we propose alternative geometric arrangements. We describe an image reconstruction algorithm based on the Voronoi diagram that applies when the transform domain is not sampled uniformly. Finally, the contrast patterns within individual pixels can be spliced together to forman image encompassing multiple pixels. © 2003 ieee.

关键词： Pixels

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Direct Least Square Fitting of Paracatadioptric Line Images

Direct Least Square Fitting of Paracatadioptric Line Images

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshop, cvprw 2003

作者： Barreto, Joao P. Araujo, Helder Institute of Systems and Robotics Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Coimbra Coimbra3030 Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)0769519008

Paracatadioptric sensors combine a parabolic shaped mirror and a camera inducing an orthographic projection. Such a configuration provides a wide field of view while keeping a single effective viewpoint. In general the paracatadioptric image of a line is a conic curve. The estimation of line images is an important subject for applications such as reconstruction and visual control of motion. However the estimation of the conic curves where lines are mapped is hard to accomplish. In general only a small arc of the conic is visible in the image and conventional conic fitting techniques are unable to correctly estimate the curve. This paper shows that line images can be accurately estimated by constraining the search space. A conic curve is the paracatadioptric image of a line if, and only if, the image of the circular points lie on the curve and two certain points are conjugate with respect to the conic. Considering the space of all conic curves, the line images lie in a linear subspace which depends on the system calibration. The paracatadioptric projection of a line can estimated by fitting a conic in the subspace to the data points. The proposed approach is computationally efficient since the fitting problem can be solved by an eigensystem. © 2003 ieee.

关键词： Curve fitting

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A Study on Bayes Feature Fusion for Image Classification

A Study on Bayes Feature Fusion for Image Classification

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshop, cvprw 2003

作者： Shi, X. Manduchi, R. Department of Computer Engineering University of California Santa CruzCA United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769519008

We consider here the problem of image classification when more than one visual feature are available. In these cases, Bayes fusion offers an attractive solution by combining the results of different classifiers (one classifier per feature). This is a general form of the so-called "naive Bayes" approach. Analyzing the performance of Bayes fusion with respect to a Bayesian classifier over the joint feature distribution, however, is tricky. On the one hand, it is well-known that the latter has lower bias than the former, unless the features are conditionally independent, in which case the two coincide. On the other hand, as noted by Friedman, the low variance associated with naive Bayes estimation may dramatically mitigate the effect of its bias. In this paper, we attempt to assess the tradeoff between these two factors by means of experimental tests on two image data sets using color and texture features. Our results suggest that (1) the difference between the correct classification rates using Bayes fusion and using the joint feature distribution is a function of the conditional dependence of the features (measured in terms of mutual information), however: (2) for small training data size, Bayes fusion performs almost as well as the classifier on the joint distribution. © 2003 ieee.

关键词： Image classification

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computer vision Algorithms for Quantifying the Growth and Behavior of Neurons Cultured on Nanofabricated Surfaces

Computer Vision Algorithms for Quantifying the Growth and Be...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshop, cvprw 2003

作者： Karim, Muhammad-Amri Abdul Al-Kofahi, Khalid Roysam, Badrinath Dowell-Mesfin, Natalie Hussain, Rifat J. Shain, William Turner, James N. Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Dept. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health AlbanyNY12201 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769519008

Neuron growth on nanofabricated silicon surfaces, once understood, is fundamental to engineer circuits involving neurons and electronic components, leading to applications such as next-generation brain implants, and high-throughput neurologic drug screening assay systems. Precise quantification of neuronal growth and behavior from image samples requires computer vision algorithms for automatic tracing of neurons, and flexible algorithms for reliable registration and analysis of multi-fluorophore imagery. The tracing algorithms must be robust to high levels of clutter and common imaging artifacts, process discontinuities, and quantum noise, especially when live neurons are imaged. Finally, the large numbers of images that must be processed for a hypothesis test or assay call for computationally efficient algorithms. A fully automated neuron tracing algorithm based on the use of robust detection and estimation principles is described here that meets the above needs. It takes 2 seconds to trace and extract morphological statistics from a typical 1280 x 1024 image on a Pentium III, 1 GHz personal computer. It was validated against manually generated traces and the errors were in the range of 1-5% per image. © 2003 ieee.

关键词： Neurons

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A Web-based System for Retrieving Document Images from Digital Library

A Web-based System for Retrieving Document Images from Digit...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshop, cvprw 2003

作者： Zhang, Li Lu, Yue Tan, Chew Lim Department of Computer Science School of Computing National University of Singapore Kent Ridge Singapore117543 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0769519008

A web-based system for retrieving imaged documents from a digital library is described in this paper. First, some image preprocessing is performed off-line on the underlying imaged document to extract its word objects. Then, each word object is represented by a string known as its feature code, based on which a feature code file of the corresponding document is constructed. On the web interface side, the system allows the user to input a set of query words and indicate either to perform "AND" or "OR" operation on them. Once receiving user's request, the system will process each query word and combine the results based on the "AND" or "OR" operation the user has chosen. As for each query word, it is first looked up in an index table that stores words being queried before. If matches are found, results will be retrieved from the index table directly and stored temporarily for subsequent merging. This speeds up searching and makes the system an incremental intelligence system. Otherwise, the system will convert the query word to a feature code string and employ a partial word matching approach to perform search on the pre-generated feature code files. Preliminary experimental results with the imaged documents of students' theses provided by our digital library show that the proposed system is efficient and promising for document image retrieval, and thus has potential applications to digital libraries. © 2003 ieee.

关键词： Digital libraries

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Real Time Face Detection and Facial Expression recognition: Development and Applications to Human computer Interaction

Real Time Face Detection and Facial Expression Recognition: ...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshop, cvprw 2003

作者： Bartlett, Marian Stewart Littlewort, Gwen Fasel, Ian Movellan, Javier R. Machine Perception Laboratory Institute for Neural Computation University of California San DiegoCA92093 United States Intelligent Robotics and Communication Laboratories ATR Kyoto Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0769519008

computer animated agents and robots bring a social dimension to human computer interaction and force us to think in new ways about how computers could be used in daily life. Face to face communication is a real-time process operating at a a time scale in the order of 40 milliseconds. The level of uncertainty at this time scale is considerable, making it necessary for humans and machines to rely on sensory rich perceptual primitives rather than slow symbolic inference processes. In this paper we present progress on one such perceptual primitive. The system automatically detects frontal faces in the video stream and codes them with respect to 7 dimensions in real time: neutral, anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, surprise. The face finder employs a cascade of feature detectors trained with boosting techniques [15, 2]. The expression recognizer receives image patches located by the face detector. A Gabor representation of the patch is formed and then processed by a bank of SVM classifiers. A novel combination of Adaboost and SVM's enhances performance. The system was tested on the Cohn-Kanade dataset of posed facial expressions [6]. The generalization performance to new subjects for a 7- way forced choice correct. Most interestingly the outputs of the classifier change smoothly as a function of time, providing a potentially valuable representation to code facial expression dynamics in a fully automatic and unobtrusive manner. The system has been deployed on a wide variety of platforms including Sony's Aibo pet robot, ATR's RoboVie, and CU animator, and is currently being evaluated for applications including automatic reading tutors, assessment of human-robot interaction. © 2003 ieee.

关键词： Adaptive boosting

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A Statistical Assessment of Subject Factors in the PCA recognition of Human Faces

A Statistical Assessment of Subject Factors in the PCA Recog...

引用

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Workshop, cvprw 2003

作者： Givens, Geof Beveridge, J Ross Draper, Bruce A. Bolme, David Statistics Department Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States Computer Science Department Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769519008

Some people's faces are easier to recognize than others, but it is not obvious what subject-specific factors make individual faces easy or difficult to recognize. This study considers 11 factors that might make recognition easy or difficult for 1,072 human subjects in the FERET dataset. The specific factors are: race (white, Asian, African-American, or other), gender, age (young or old), glasses (present or absent), facial hair (present or absent), bangs (present or absent), mouth (closed or other), eyes (open or other), complexion (clear or other), makeup (present or absent), and expression (neutral or other). An ANOVA is used to determine the relationship between these subject covariates and the distance between pairs of images of the same subject in a standard Eigenfaces subspace. Some results are not terribly surprising. For example, the distance between pairs of images of the same subject increases for people who change their appearance, e.g., open and close their eyes, open and close their mouth or change expression. Thus changing appearance makes recognition harder. Other findings are surprising. Distance between pairs of images for subjects decreases for people who consistently wear glasses, so wearing glasses makes subjects more recognizable. Pairwise distance also decreases for people who are either Asian or African-American rather than white. A possible shortcoming of our analysis is that minority classifications such as African-Americans and wearers-of-glasses are underrepresented in training. Followup experiments with balanced training addresses this concern and corroborates the original findings. Another possible shortcoming of this analysis is the novel use of pairwise distance between images of a single person as the predictor of recognition difficulty. A separate experiment confirms that larger distances between pairs of subject images implies a larger recognition rank for that same pair of images, thus confirming that the subject is harder to recog

关键词： Glass

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Learning and Perceptual Interfaces

Learning and Perceptual Interfaces

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ieee computer Society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (cvprw)

作者： T. Poggio Center for Biological and Computational Learning Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and McGovern Institute for Brain Research M.I.T. USA

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Higher-order Wavelet Statistics and their Application to Digital Forensics

Higher-order Wavelet Statistics and their Application to Dig...

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ieee computer Society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (cvprw)

作者： Hany Farid Siwei Lyu Sudikoff Laboratory Department of Computer Science Dartmouth College Hanover NH USA

We describe a statistical model for natural images that is built upon a multi-scale wavelet decomposition. The model consists of first- and higher-order statistics that capture certain statistical regularities of natural images. We show how this model can be useful in several digital forensic applications, specifically in detecting various types of digital tampering.

关键词： Vectors computer graphics Noise conferences computer vision pattern recognition Computational modeling

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