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Model abstraction of 3D-integrated/interposer-based high performance systems for faster (thermal) simulation

Model abstraction of 3D-integrated/interposer-based high per...

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Intersociety conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITHERM)

作者： Andy Heinig Dimitrios Papaioannou Robert Fischbach Design Automation Division Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits Dresden Germany

Complex, high-integrated and high-performance microelectronic systems that include an interposer-solution become more and more dominant in the field of advanced 2.5/3D system integration. In such systems, for example required in network and image processing applications, the different ICs (e.g. processors and memories) are placed on a silicon interposer, which allow shorter interconnect lines between the elements, improving the signal transmission. The example system used throughout this paper combines an ASIC for signal processing with a high-performance memory. These two chips are placed as bare dies side-by-side on a silicon interposer using copper pillars. The interposer itself is located on a PCB. The good thermal conductivity of the copper structures within the interposer (i.e., top and bottom metal layers and the through-silicon-vias), in combination with the copper pillars underneath the dies, enable a high-performance and effective thermal behavior of the system; the heat produced by the processor and memory dies is dissipated through these elements to the PCB substrate that supports the system. However, in complex microelectronic systems that include arrays of different metal layers, TSVs, copper pillars, solder balls etc., their modeling and simulation can be an expensive procedure. This is especially a problem in early design phases where many different technologies options (e.g., packaging variants) have to be evaluated. Moreover, a real design exploration can be time consuming in many cases. In order to simplify the modeling procedure and speed up simulation, we present an alternative approach to derive simulation models from system descriptions, reduce the simulation time, and ensure the reliability of the obtained results. The array of copper pillars of the system is substituted with simplified blocks with the same volume and material properties. In terms of simulation, the meshing of cuboids and rectangular blocks is easier than meshing cylinders or

关键词： Heating Copper Program processors Substrates Silicon Integrated circuit modeling Thermal conductivity

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Analysis of adaptive filter and ICA for noise cancellation from a video frame

Analysis of adaptive filter and ICA for noise cancellation f...

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International conference on Intelligent Systems Engineering (ICISE)

作者： Atiq ur Rehman Fahad Khan Baber Khan Jadoon Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad Pakistan Department of Electronic Engineering International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan

Noise cancellation algorithms have been frequently applied in many fields including image/video processing. Adaptive noise cancellation algorithms exploit the correlation property of noise and remove the noise from the input signal more effectively than non-adaptive algorithms. In this paper different noise cancellation techniques are applied to de-noise a video frame. Three different variants of gradient based adaptive filtering algorithms and independent component analysis (ICA) procedure are implemented and compared on the basis of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and computational time. The common algorithms used in adaptive filters are least mean square (LMS), normalized least means square (NLMS), and recursive least mean square (RLS). The simulation results demonstrates that NLMS algorithm is computationally efficient but cannot handle impulsive noise whereas LMS and RLS can perform better for long duration noise signals. The comparative analysis of adaptive filtering algorithms and ICA shows that ICA can perform better then all three iterative gradient based algorithms because of its non-iterative nature. For testing and simulations, three variants of white Gaussian noise (WGN) are used to corrupt the video frame.

关键词： Adaptive filters signal to noise ratio Noise cancellation Filtering algorithms Algorithm design and analysis MATLAB Filtering theory

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Sensor Fusion for Occupancy Detection and Activity Recognition using Time-of-Flight Sensors

Sensor Fusion for Occupancy Detection and Activity Recogniti...

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International conference on Information Fusion

作者： Tianna-Kaye Woodstock Richard J. Radke Arthur C. Sanderson Center for Lighting Enabled Systems and Applications (LESA) Troy NY 12180 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509020126

New technologies in lighting enable the design of illumination systems that autonomously meet the needs of occupants. In recent years, lighting design for both commercial and residential spaces has advanced beyond task performance, to a broader range of occupant needs including economic, energy and environmental constraints, architectural integration, human health, productivity, interpersonal communication, and aesthetic quality. Such systems require distributed sensing and control systems with sensory feedback to detect the lighting conditions in the space. Occupancy sensing and activity recognition are core components of this distributed sensor-based control system, and multisensor fusion of integrated sensors is viewed as a key attribute. This paper describes an expanded view of multisensor technologies, signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms that are being developed and evaluated for occupancy detection and activity recognition. This paper presents a multisensor testbed system that incorporates a sparse array of time-of-flight range sensors with pattern recognition algorithms for geometric form and motion detection of human occupants. Three levels of analysis are implemented: (1) Occupant detection and tracking, (2) Occupant pose classification (sitting, standing, and walking), (3) Occupant activity sequence recognition. These algorithms are dependent on statistical training of human pose and motion and implemented with a Bayesian formulation for detection, classification, and recognition. Evaluation of resulting performance in the testbed conference room demonstrates pose and activity recognition accuracy of greater than 97% for single occupants.

关键词： Lighting Thyristors Sensor arrays image color analysis Aerospace electronics avionics Lighting image colour analysis Thyristors Sensor arrays Sensor fusion Activity recognition control systems Vehicle Occupancy LIGHTING SYSTEMS Perspective drawings Geometric forms integrated sensor TIME OF FLIGHT

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Compact high resolution multi-aperture LWIR imaging system

Compact high resolution multi-aperture LWIR imaging system

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International conference on Industrial and Information Systems, ICIIS

作者： B. N. R. Ganesh P. Rajesh Kumar Development & Engineering Division Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) Machilipatnam AP India Bharat Electronics Ltd Bangalore Karnataka IN

LWIR (Long Wave Infrared) imaging systems are built intensely less in size by concurrently amassing respective low resolution pictures with multi small aperture optics instead gathering a common high resolution picture with a broad aperture optics. For instance, in Thin Observation Module using Bound Optics (TOMBO) lenslets, collection of multiple small lenses is used to replace the single macro lens typically used in LWIR systems. In the TOMBO arrangement, mini lenses are the imaging elements. Proposed LWIR concept is built on a collection of focal arrays passing various portions of the complete field of view (FOV). signal processing methods are used to generate the complete picture by stitching the pictures of various arrays. A focal plane array of a thermal detector format 1024×768 is broken up into 4 squares of 512 × 384 pixels each in a 2 × 2 array. Four lenslets form four separate images of the scene on the detector, each slightly offset from the neighbor. High resolution algorithm is applied to put together a complete resolution image of the picture. The use of separate channels advantages to a less complex lens manufacturing, thus resulting in reduced fabrication cost. This paper describes the design of miniaturized LWIR-camera imaging. We also made a comparison between the conventional aperture and multi aperture imaging systems.

关键词： Lenses Apertures Cameras image resolution image reconstruction

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Parallel implementation and performance evaluation of facial recognition algorithms using open source technologies

Parallel implementation and performance evaluation of facial...

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International conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT)

作者： J. Suryaprasad D. S. Sandesh I. Priyanka G. N. Pravalika Aman Kumar PES Institute of Technology Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467399401

Critical to any automated surveillance system is the recognition component. Since the inception of Pattern Recognition & image processing, researchers across the globe continue to propose newer facial recognition algorithms. Each of these facial algorithms has its own pros and cons. A typical facial recognition algorithm consists of three steps namely: facial detection, feature extraction and recognition. In this paper we discuss serial and parallel implementation of four standard facial recognition algorithms namely, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and FISHER Face. Work presented in this paper consists of two sections. In section 1, we discuss serial and parallel implementation of the algorithms. Section 2, presents a comparative performance analysis of the above 4 algorithms. A major challenge in this effort is the ability to explore and exploit concurrency in existing facial recognition algorithms to improve performance. Based on the algorithms performance, we have made few suggestions regarding the suitability of each of these algorithms for different domains/applications. All algorithms are implemented using open source OPENCV and OPENMP libraries.

关键词： Face recognition Principal component analysis Algorithm design and analysis Face signal processing algorithms Training Parallel processing

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A combined feature representation of deep feature and hand-crafted features for person re-identification

A combined feature representation of deep feature and hand-c...

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IEEE International conference on Progress in Informatics and Computing (PIC)

作者： Youjiao Li Li Zhuo Xiaochen Hu Jing Zhang Signal & Information Processing Laboratory Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Department of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University of Technology Zibo China Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509034857

Person re-identification is one of the hot topics in computer vision. How to design a robust feature representation to identify pedestrians is a key problem for person re-identification. In this paper, a feature representation based on Multi-Statistics Cascade on Pyramid (MSCP) is proposed for person re-identification. The MSCP feature is composed of deep PCA network feature and hand-crafted features of Local Maximal Occurrence (LOMO) feature and color correlogram. MSCP can characterize the pedestrian images precisely from both global and local views. The Cross-view Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (XQDA) is employed to learn the distance metric of MSCP features. And then a novel re-identification method based on MSCP and XQDA is achieved. Experimental results on VIPeR Dataset demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve superior identification performance compared with six state-of-art methods.

关键词： Feature extraction image color analysis Measurement Histograms Principal component analysis Robustness Lighting

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Automated Bank Note Identification System for Visually Impaired Subjects in Malaysia

Automated Bank Note Identification System for Visually Impai...

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International conference on Computer and Communication Engineering, ICCCE

作者： Rashidah Funke Olanrewaju Fajingbesi Fawwaz Eniola Shaibo Mohammed Mahmoud M. International Islamic University Malaysia International Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Wilayah Persekutuan MY

ISBN: (纸本)9781509024285

Visually Impaired Malaysians find great difficulty in recognizing bank notes as there are no commercially available aid for her currency and not much research done in the area. A very low cost, high efficient system has been proposed to help visually impaired Malaysians identify her bank notes. This system is built around the unique color of her bank note. The system features a sound module, color sensor module and a microcontroller module. These three module offer the system a unique ability to identify Malaysian bank currency and produce audible sound of the currencies' denomination. The efficiency of the proposed solution has been properly tested on a dataset composed of consecutive randomized banknotes including both positive images (Malaysian banknotes) and negative images (Non Malaysian banknotes and plain color notes) collected under a variety of conditions. The proposed algorithm, achieves overall efficiency of 94.17% recognition rate.

关键词： Feature extraction image color analysis Algorithm design and analysis signal processing algorithms Classification algorithms Statistical analysis Neural networks

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13.5 A 4-antenna-path beamforming transceiver for 60GHz multi-Gb/s communication in 28nm CMOS

13.5 A 4-antenna-path beamforming transceiver for 60GHz mult...

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IEEE International conference on Solid-State Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Giovanni Mangraviti Khaled Khalaf Qixian Shi Kristof Vaesen Davide Guermandi Vito Giannini Steven Brebels Fortunato Frazzica André Bourdoux Charlotte Soens Wim Van Thillo Piet Wambacq Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum Leuven Vlaams-Brabant BE Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium Imec Heverlee Belgium

Millimeter-Wave transceivers with beamforming capabilities, such as the one presented in this work, are a key technology to reach 4 or 6Gb/s at 10m range with the IEEE 802.11ad standard. Moreover, for mm-Wave access in 5G it will also be necessary to boost peak data-rates far beyond 1Gb/s at hundreds of meters in small cells. Transceiver architectures with beamforming often combine superheterodyne with RF beamforming [1], leading to a high power consumption and a suboptimal RX noise figure due to losses in the beamforming circuitry. In contrast, the 57-to-66GHz TRX IC presented in this paper, whose architecture is depicted in Fig. 13.5.1, uses direct conversion and analog baseband beamforming. Direct-conversion radios are inherently simpler than superheterodyne and do not have to cope with the image frequency, but on the other hand they may suffer from pulling of the PA on the VCO. In this work this is avoided by the non-integer ratio of 2.5 between the operating frequency and the 24GHz PLL that subharmonically injection locks a 60GHz quadrature oscillator (Fig. 13.5.2).

关键词： Antenna measurements Array signal processing Baseband Antennas Phase locked loops Transceivers CMOS integrated circuits

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6.8 A 1.5V 33Mpixel 3D-stacked CMOS image sensor with negative substrate bias

6.8 A 1.5V 33Mpixel 3D-stacked CMOS image sensor with negati...

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IEEE International conference on Solid-State Circuits (ISSCC)

作者： Charles Chih-Min Liu Manoj M. Mhala Chin-Hao Chang Honyih Tu Po-Sheng Chou Calvin Chao Fu-Lung Hsueh TSMC Hsinchu Taiwan

3D stacking and computational imaging are two major driving forces for CMOS image sensors. In addition, 3D stacking separates pixel array and peripheral circuits. As such, computational imaging blocks (stereo vision, array camera, reconfigurable instruction cell array, etc.) can integrate with sensor circuits while leveraging advanced CMOS technologies including FinFET. To accommodate this trend, we need to design blocks such as comparators, readouts, transmitters, and PLLs, using digital architectures in logic processes with a minimum number of resistors and capacitors. Achieving 100% array-to-chip area ratio is an ultimate goal of 3D CIS. For this reason, all peripheral circuits must be under the pixel array. However, row and column circuits may overlap at the corner if both pitches are equal to pixel pitch. To avoid this issue, we make row and pixel pitch the same, and shrink column pitch to 82% to spread the column signal to array width using the “river routing” tools introduced for display-driver ICs, as shown in Fig. 6.8.1. The 3D stacking technology we apply [1] is top-metal face-to-face, and it can put 3D connections under a backside-illuminated pixel array. Therefore it increases array-to-chip area ratio comparing with a TSV chip that uses area outside the pixel array. This chip demonstrates the 3D connections at the center of the uniform 33Mpixel array and seamless image readout using 4 identical 8.3Mpixel circuit units. Instead of developing new circuitry, we can combine 16 compact units for 133Mpixel at the same frame rate and save the extra driving power.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Radiation detectors Clocks CMOS image sensors Latches Phase locked loops Substrates

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Hankel Structured Low Rank and Sparse Representation Via L0-Norm Optimization for Compressed Ultrasound Plane Wave signal Reconstruction

Hankel Structured Low Rank and Sparse Representation Via L0-...

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International conference on Acoustics, Speech, and signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Miaomiao Zhang Ji Chen Xiaoyan Fu Ge Xin Jingzhi Zhang Na Jiang Jan D’Hooge College of Information Engineering Capital Normal University Beijing China School of Traffic and Transportation Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Department of Cardiovascular Sciences Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics KU Leuven Leuven Belgium

Ultrasound plane wave imaging is widely used in many applications thanks to its capability in reaching high frame rates. However, the amount of data acquisition and storage in a period of time can become a bottleneck in ultrasound system design for thousands frames per second. In our previous study, we proposed a low-rank and joint-sparse model to reduce the amount of sampled channel data of focused beam imaging by considering all the received data as a 2D matrix. However, for a single plane wave transmission, the number of channels is limited and the low-rank property of the received data matrix is no longer achieved. In this study, a L 0 -norm based Hankel structured low-rank and sparse model is proposed to reduce the channel data. An optimization algorithm, based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), is proposed to efficiently solve the resulting optimization problem. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated using the data published in Plane Wave Imaging Challenge in Medical Ultrasound (PICMUS) in 2016. Results on channel and plane wave data show that the proposed method is better adapted to the ultrasound channel signal and can recover the image with fewer samples than the conventional CS method.

关键词： Adaptation models Ultrasonic imaging signal processing algorithms Data models signal reconstruction Sparse matrices Speech processing

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