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Can PPG be used for HRV analysis?

Can PPG be used for HRV analysis?

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Annual international conference of the ieee Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： N. Pinheiro R. Couceiro J. Henriques J. Muehlsteff I. Quintal L. Gonçalves P. Carvalho Department of Informatics Engineering Science and Technology University of Coimbra Pólo II Coimbra Portugal Philips Research Laboratories Europe Eindhoven Netherlands Hospital and Universitary Centre of Coimbra-General Hospital Coimbra Portugal

Heart rate variability (HRV) represents one of the most promising markers of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation. However, it requires the acquisition of the ECG signal in order to reliably detect the RR intervals, which is not always easily and comfortably available in personal health applications. Additionally, due to progress in single spot optical sensors, photoplethysmography (PPG) is an interesting alternative for heartbeat interval measurements, since it is a more convenient and a less intrusive measurement technique. Driven by the technological advances in such sensors, wrist-worn devices are becoming a commodity, and the interest in the assessment of HRV indexes from the PPG analysis (pulse rate variability - PRV) is rising. In this study, we investigate the hypothesis of using PRV features as surrogates for HRV indexes, in three different contexts: healthy subjects at rest, healthy subjects after physical exercise and subjects with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Additionally, we also evaluate which are the characteristic points better suited for PRV analysis in these contexts, i.e. the PPG waveform characteristic points leading to the PRV features that present the best estimates of HRV (correlation and error analysis). The achieved results suggest that the PRV can be often used as an alternative for HRV analysis in healthy subjects, with significant correlations above 82%, for both time and frequency features. Contrarily, in the post-exercise and CVD subjects, time and (most importantly) frequency domain features shall be used with caution (mean correlations ranging from 68% to 88%).

关键词： Heart rate variability Feature extraction Electrocardiography Frequency-domain analysis Correlation Time-domain analysis

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Rapid improvement of students' soft-skills based on an agile-process approach

Rapid improvement of students' soft-skills based on an agile...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) conference

作者： Eduardo Valentin José Reginaldo Hughes Carvalho Raimundo Barreto Post-graduate Program in Informatics (PPGI) Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM) Coroado Manaus Brazil Post-graduate Program in Informatics (PPGI) Institute of Computing (ICOMP) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus AM BR

ISBN: (纸本)9781479984558

Manaus, the capital city of the state of Amazonas and the sixth Brazilian largest gross domestic product, demands highly qualified hardware and software developers for consumer electronics and telecommunication sectors of its free trading zone. However, what can be viewed as an opportunity for the youth alumni of local institutions of higher education contrasts with the low level of qualification provided by such institutions. As a consequence, most positions either remain opened or are occupied by professionals from other Brazilian regions. Moreover, the issue relies more on soft skills than on hard skills, as the local institutions are aligned with international standard academic curriculum and cover modern technologies. Soft skill is the enter barrier to the job market. English proficiency, communication skill, writing (in both Portuguese and English) skill, among others, are top listed failure reasons in the hiring processes. As one project manager highlighted: “it is much cheaper and quicker for the company to fill in some specific technological gaps, than to leverage a poor English proficiency”. This paper presents a proposal of an involving activity aiming to address several soft skills at the same time, with minimal disturbance in the student daily routine. The concept is based on the impact of immersing the student in a systematic project development experience. Clear communicated project goal, where the students have specific roles, with assigned accountable peers, everything under the umbrella of an Agile-like software development process (derived from SCRUM) are in the core of the activity. This paper details the incremental implementation methodology of the program among four research areas, and 23 projects or project activities, involving 34 students. The results of the two years running program will also be described, including the increase of progress visibility by advisors, the improvement of students communication and writing skills and the qualifi

关键词： Software Writing Cities and towns Companies Scrum (Software development) Context Education

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Joint Resource Allocation and Traffic Management for Cloud Video Distribution over Software-Defined Networks

Joint Resource Allocation and Traffic Management for Cloud V...

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2016 8th ieee international conference on Communication Software and Networks(ICCSN 2016)

作者： Zhenghuan Zhang Xiaofeng Jiang Hongsheng Xi Department of Automation University of Science and Technology of China

The rapid progress of cloud technology has attracted a growing number of video providers to deploy their streaming services onto multiple distributed datacenters for more costeffective *** emerging Software-Defined Networking(SDN)technology overcomes the limitation of the existing network and provides a promising solution to manage the underlying *** this paper,we introduce an SDN-enabled cloud video distribution architecture and propose a joint resource allocation and traffic management mechanism to improve user experience and reduce the system operational *** use a delay utility function to represent user experience and formulate the joint optimization problem as a convex optimization *** conduct simulations to evaluate the performance of our algorithm and the results show that our strategy can effectively cut down the total cost and guarantee user experience.

关键词： cloud computing software-defined networking video distribution resource allocation traffic routing

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Robust Optical Flow Estimation for Wilted Plant Leaves Motion: Predicting Water-Stressed and Well-Watered Conditions

Robust Optical Flow Estimation for Wilted Plant Leaves Motio...

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Symposium of Image, Signal Processing, and Artificial Vision (STSIVA)

作者： Sana Rao Rao Kashif Department of Computer Science Virtual University of Pakistan Multan Pakistan Department of Computing National University of Modern Languages Pakistan

ISBN: (数字)9798350363203

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363210

Optical flow estimation is essential in computer vision for analyzing and interpreting motion in image sequences. For agriculture, optical flow can be a powerful tool in predicting plant health, particularly in identifying water-stressed versus well-watered conditions in wilted plant leaves. While traditional methods for optical flow estimation have made significant progress, challenges such as ill-defined edges and blurred motion boundaries remain, particularly when dealing with complex motion patterns like those found in natural leaf movements. This paper investigates the robustness of non-local total variation methods in optical flow estimation for wilted plant leaves. By leveraging the strengths of non-local total variation-based approaches, we aim to improve motion boundary preservation in wilted leaf motion sequences, offering a way to differentiate between water-stressed and well-watered leaves. We review existing non-local total variation methods, analyze their performance on wilted plant datasets, and present a new approach integrating weighted guided filtering to handle edge preservation. The findings suggest that non-local total variation with weighted guided filter achieves robust optical flow estimations, offering potential for precision agriculture applications, particularly in detecting early signs of drought stress.

关键词： Precision agriculture Optical filters Filtering Reviews Plants (biology) Image edge detection Estimation Robustness Optical flow Stress

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Haskell in Green Land: Analyzing the Energy Behavior of a Purely Functional Language

Haskell in Green Land: Analyzing the Energy Behavior of a Pu...

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ieee international conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Luís Gabriel Lima Francisco Soares-Neto Paulo Lieuthier Fernando Castor Gilberto Melfe João Paulo Fernandes Informatics Center Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) Recife Brazil Department of Computer Science University of Beira Interior Covilhã Portugal

Recent work has studied the effect that factors such as code obfuscation, refactorings and data types have on energy efficiency. In this paper, we attempt to shed light on the energy behavior of programs written in a lazy purely functional language, Haskell. We have conducted two empirical studies to analyze the energy efficiency of Haskell programs from two different perspectives: strictness and concurrency. Our experimental space exploration comprises more than 2000 configurations and 20000 executions. We found out that small changes can make a big difference in terms of energy consumption. For example, in one of our benchmarks, under a specific configuration, choosing one data sharing primitive (MVar) over another (TMVar) can yield 60% energy savings. In another benchmark, the latter primitive can yield up to 30% energy savings over the former. Thus, tools that support developers in quickly refactoring a program to switch between different primitives can be of great help if energy is a concern. In addition, the relationship between energy consumption and performance is not always clear. In sequential benchmarks, high performance is an accurate proxy for low energy consumption. However, for one of our concurrent benchmarks, the variants with the best performance also exhibited the worst energy consumption. To support developers in better understanding this complex relationship, we have extended two existing performance analysis tools to also collect and present data about energy consumption.

关键词： Energy consumption Benchmark testing Software Concurrent computing Energy measurement Current measurement Time measurement

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More Common Than You Think: An In-depth Study of Casual Contributors

More Common Than You Think: An In-depth Study of Casual Cont...

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ieee international conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Gustavo Pinto Igor Steinmacher Marco Aurélio Gerosa Informatics Center Federal University of Pernambuco Recife PE Brazil Department of Computing Federal University of Technology - Paraná PR Brazil Institute of Mathematics and Statistics University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil

Source code hosting websites (code forges) have recently changed to more social environments, and the contribution process evolved to the so-called pull-based development model. Due to the facilities brought by this evolution, Open Source Software (OSS) projects are now facing a high exposure, leading to an increasing number of contributors. However, not all these contributors want to have a long-term engagement with the project. In fact, popular projects are known to have a restricted set of core developers who drive the project, but now these projects count on a broad set of "not that involved" developers, which are responsible for a long tail of small contributions. In this paper, we shed the light on this important but overlooked set of developers: the casual contributors (also known as drive-by commits). First, we mined popular software repositories hosted on GitHub to investigate how common casual contributions are, and what are their characteristics. Second, we conducted two surveys with (1) the casual contributors and (2) the project maintainers aimed at understanding what motivates casual contributors and how they are perceived. Our results showed that although casual contributors are rather common (48.98% of the whole population of contributors in the projects analyzed), they are responsible for only 1.73% of the total number of commits. We also found that casual contributions are far from being trivial: even though a significant proportion of them are fixing typos and grammar issues (28.64%), we found several of them that have fixed bugs (30.20%), added new features (18.75%), and refactored code (8.85%). Still, we found that both casual contributors and project maintainers believe that casual contributions have more benefits than drawbacks. As a casual contributor said: "every bit helps".

关键词： Software Software engineering Electronic mail Computer languages Collaboration Manuals Inspection

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Adaptive communication and cooperative MIMO cluster formation for improved lifetime in wireless sensor networks

Adaptive communication and cooperative MIMO cluster formatio...

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ieee international conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments (WiSEE)

作者： Marco A. M. Marinho João Paulo C. L. da Costa Felix Antreich Edison Pignaton de Freitas Alexey Vinel Universidade de Brasilia Brasilia DF BR Department of Electrical Engineering (ENE) University of Brasília (UnB) Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS Erlangen Germany Institute for Information Technology Ilmenau University of Technology Ilmenau Germany Institute for Communications and Navigation German Aerospace Center (DLR) Informatics Institute Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) School of Information Technology (ITE) Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden

One of the main limitations that still keeps Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) from being adopted in a large scale is the limited energy supply, i.e. the lifetime of the nodes that constitute the network. The wireless communication between nodes is responsible for most of the energy consumed in WSNs. A promising method to improve the energy efficiency is the usage of a Cooperative Multiple Input Multiple Output (CO-MIMO) scheme, where nodes form clusters to transmit and receive signals using a virtual antenna array. This work presents a study on the energy consumption of multi-hop and single-hop transmission compared to CO-MIMO and how to select the most efficient method. It also proposes a method for adaptively choosing the number of nodes that form a CO-MIMO cluster in order to maximize the lifetime of the network and to avoid disconnections. The proposed method takes into account not only the total energy consumption but also the distribution of energy within the network, aiming to keep the energy distribution across the network as uniform as possible. The effects of the proposed methods in the total available energy of the network and in the distribution of the energy is presented by means of numerical simulations.

关键词： MIMO Wireless sensor networks Peer-to-peer computing Energy consumption Synchronization Routing Clustering algorithms

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Local parallelization of pleasingly parallel stream processing on multiple CPU cores

Local parallelization of pleasingly parallel stream processi...

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international conference and Workshop on computing and Communication (IEMCON)

作者： Ruediger Gad Martin Kappes Inmaculada Medina-Bulo Terma GmbH Space Darmstadt Germany Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences Frankfurt am Main Germany Universidad de Cádiz Cádiz Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781509009978

Data stream processing addresses the need for high-throughput near real-time data processing, which can be considered as one part of Big Data or Fast Data. In this paper, we study the local parallelization of stream processing on a single multi-core Central Processing Unit (CPU) computer system, which, in our opinion, was not sufficiently addressed yet. In distributed systems, optimizing the local throughput can help to improve the overall system. In less resource demanding scenarios, it may be beneficial to use more lightweight local parallelization instead of more complex distributed approaches. We present our work-in-progress on locally parallelizing stream processing on multiple CPU cores and on ways for further improving the local data processing. In order to study the fundamental mechanisms and effects, we focused on pleasingly parallel workloads. While pleasingly parallel tasks, by definition, can be easily parallelized, our results show that stream processing adds important aspects and that the outcomes strongly vary depending on use case and parallelization approach. Furthermore, we present early stages of a stream transformation Domain Specific Language and of a self-adaptive mechanism for easing and optimizing the processing. We published our implementations as Open Source Software.

关键词： Pipelines Data processing Throughput Central Processing Unit DSL Parallel processing Concurrent computing

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Efficient memory compression in deep neural networks using coarse-grain sparsification for speech applications

Efficient memory compression in deep neural networks using c...

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ieee international conference on Computer-Aided Design

作者： Deepak Kadetotad Sairam Arunachalam Chaitali Chakrabarti Jae-sun Seo Computer and Energy Engineering School of Electrical School of Computing Informatics Decision Systems Engineering Arizona State University Tempe AZ

ISBN: (纸本)9781509034215

Recent breakthroughs in deep neural networks have led to the proliferation of its use in image and speech applications. Conventional deep neural networks (DNNs) are fully-connected multi-layer networks with hundreds or thousands of neurons in each layer. Such a network requires a very large weight memory to store the connectivity between neurons. In this paper, we propose a hardware-centric methodology to design low power neural networks with significantly smaller memory footprint and computation resource requirements. We achieve this by judiciously dropping connections in large blocks of weights. The corresponding technique, termed coarse-grain sparsification (CGS), introduces hardware-aware sparsity during the DNN training, which leads to efficient weight memory compression and significant computation reduction during classification without losing accuracy. We apply the proposed approach to DNN design for keyword detection and speech recognition. When the two DNNs are trained with 75% of the weights dropped and classified with 5-6 bit weight precision, the weight memory requirement is reduced by 95% compared to their fully-connected counterparts with double precision, while maintaining similar performance in keyword detection accuracy, word error rate, and sentence error rate. To validate this technique in real hardware, a time-multiplexed architecture using a shared multiply and accumulate (MAC) engine was implemented in 65nm and 40nm low power (LP) CMOS. In 40nm at 0.6 V, the keyword detection network consumes 36μW and the speech recognition network consumes 552μW, making this technique highly suitable for mobile and wearable devices.

关键词： Speech recognition Training Memory management Hidden Markov models Biological neural networks Hardware Neurons

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MuSQLE: Distributed SQL query execution over multiple engine environments

MuSQLE: Distributed SQL query execution over multiple engine...

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ieee international conference on Big Data

作者： Victor Giannakouris Nikolaos Papailiou Dimitrios Tsoumakos Nectarios Koziris Computing Systems Laboratory National and Technical University of Athens Greece Department of Informatics Ionian University Corfu Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9781467390064

Multi-engine analytics has been gaining an increasing amount of attention from both the academic and the industrial community as it can successfully cope with the heterogeneity and complexity that the plethora of frameworks, technologies and requirements have brought forth. It is now common for a data analyst to combine data that resides on multiple and totally independent engines and perform complex analytics queries. Multi-engine solutions based on SQL can facilitate such efforts, as SQL is a popular standard that the majority of data-scientists understands. Existing solutions propose a middleware that centrally optimizes query execution for multiple engines. Yet, this approach requires manual integration of every primitive engine operator along with its cost model, rendering the process of adding new operators or engines highly inextensible. To address this issue we present MuSQLE, a system for SQL-based analytics over multi-engine environments. MuSQLE can efficiently utilize external SQL engines allowing for both intra and inter engine optimizations. Our framework adopts a novel API-based strategy. Instead of manual integration, MuSQLE specifies a generic API, used for the cost estimation and query execution, that needs to be implemented for each SQL engine endpoint. Our engine API is integrated with a state-of-the-art query optimizer, adding support for location-based, multi-engine query optimization and letting individual runtimes perform sub-query physical optimization. The derived multi-engine plans are executed using the Spark distributed execution framework. Our detailed experimental evaluation, integrating PostgreSQL, MemSQL and SparkSQL under MuSQLE, demonstrates its ability to accurately decide on the most suitable execution engine. MuSQLE can provide speedups of up to 1 order of magnitude for TPCH queries, leveraging different engines for the execution of individual query parts.

关键词： Engines Structured Query Language Sparks Optimization Big data Estimation Query processing

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