Due to their flexibility and high performance, Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Array (CGRA) are a topic of increasing research interest. However, CGRAs also have the potential to achieve very high energy efficiency in c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781538621462
Due to their flexibility and high performance, Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Array (CGRA) are a topic of increasing research interest. However, CGRAs also have the potential to achieve very high energy efficiency in comparison to other reconfigurable architectures when hardware optimizations are applied. Some of these optimizations are common for more traditional processors but can also lead to large efficiency gains for reconfigurable architectures. This paper investigates three hardware based loop optimization techniques that can significantly improve the energy efficiency of CGRAs. The three techniques are evaluated on processing kernels from the imageprocessing domain as well as an industrial computer vision application. Energy consumption and area estimates are obtained using a CGRA synthesized with a commercial 40nm library. For the three applied techniques (zero-overhead loop accelerator, single-cycle loop support, and loop buffers) the simulation results show overall energy gains of 6.8% for zero-overhead loop support, 13.2% for ZOLA combined with single-cycle loop support and 18.3% for a combination of all optimizations.
Reaching the physical boundaries of the electronics-based communication approach has enabled photonic-based systems, which promise high-bandwidth and low power consumption, especially in multiprocessor systems, to be ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509064946
Reaching the physical boundaries of the electronics-based communication approach has enabled photonic-based systems, which promise high-bandwidth and low power consumption, especially in multiprocessor systems, to be an alternative to electronic systems on chips. Real-time systems are specialized systems where tasks that cannot be completed in time cause high costs, and particularly communication with sensors and actuators have high importance. In this study, a sensor data distribution model is presented for multi-processor real-time systems that communicate with the photonic network on the chip. The study provides the distribution of the sensor data to the processors on the chip with the photonic infrastructure, and the results show that the proposed model is an effective approach for real-time systems.
We address the problem of finding the optimal focus of an optical system with spherical aberration, under three optimization criteria: the classical optical root-mean-square second order moment minimization, the expec...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509021758
We address the problem of finding the optimal focus of an optical system with spherical aberration, under three optimization criteria: the classical optical root-mean-square second order moment minimization, the expected mean square error on the sensor, and the expected mean square error at the output of a Wiener restoration filter. We observe that these three criteria may behave very differently, and, particularly, the classical optical criterion typically provides very poor results in comparison. This has a direct impact on the design of new hybrid optical-digital imaging systems, which account for the image quality after an optics-aware embedded digital restoration stage. We present some very encouraging results for simulations under different noise and aberration levels.
Superpixel based methods have recently shown success in scene segmentation and labeling. In scene labeling, a superpixel algorithm is used first to segment the image into visually consistent small regions;then several...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509064946
Superpixel based methods have recently shown success in scene segmentation and labeling. In scene labeling, a superpixel algorithm is used first to segment the image into visually consistent small regions;then several feature descriptors are computed and classification is performed for each superpixel. In this paper, Kernel Codebook Encoding (KCB) of superpixel features is proposed. In KCB feature vectors are mapped to multiple codewords in a soft manner, instead of the usual hard quantization. The weights assigned to the codewords are determined by a kernel distance function. KCB method is used for encoding of SIFT features in SuperParsing image parsing algorithm. The developed approach is tested on the SIFT Flow dataset consisting of 2,688 images and 33 classes, and achieves 2.7% increase in parsing accuracy over SuperParsing.
This work focuses on the development of an algorithm to design sampling patterns for acquiring images in atomic force microscopy (AFM). The goal is to reduce data acquisition time of the instrument without significant...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509021758
This work focuses on the development of an algorithm to design sampling patterns for acquiring images in atomic force microscopy (AFM). The goal is to reduce data acquisition time of the instrument without significantly compromising image quality by appropriately allocating sampling effort. We assume the frequency structure of the images to be sampled, and in particular the locations of the large frequency coefficients, is partially known. Based on this knowledge, the expected reconstruction error using simplified matching pursuit (SMP) is analyzed and a Monte Carlo-based strategy is proposed to create sampling patterns that minimize the expected error. The proposed method is demonstrated through simulation on two groups of sample surface images from two different materials acquired by AFM.
image segmentation is one of the pre-processing steps required to analyze color images. image segmentation in RGB space, which is performed by using clustering algorithm, is required long computation time even in smal...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509064946
image segmentation is one of the pre-processing steps required to analyze color images. image segmentation in RGB space, which is performed by using clustering algorithm, is required long computation time even in small images. Another approach that can he used for image segmentation is the histogram-based approach. However, histogram-based approaches can also be applied to single-channel or gray-scale images. Therefore, a hue-based approach is considered for segmentation in a color image. However, since the hue shows an angular change, it is not possible to use number line based operations. In this study, directional based clustering algorithms are used to solve this problem. The performance of directional based algorithms was measured and compared.
This paper presents an innovative technique for 3D depth estimation from a single holoscopic 3D image (H3D). The image is captured with a single aperture holoscopic 3D camera, which mimics a fly's eye technique to...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509027972
This paper presents an innovative technique for 3D depth estimation from a single holoscopic 3D image (H3D). The image is captured with a single aperture holoscopic 3D camera, which mimics a fly's eye technique to acquire an optical 3D model of a true 3D scene. The proposed method works by extracting of optimum viewpoints images from a H3D image and it uses the shift and integration function in up-sampling the extracted viewpoints and then it performs the match block functions to match correspondence features between the stereoscopic 3D images. Finally, the 3D depth is estimated through a smoothing and optimizing process to produce a final 3D depth map. The proposed method estimates the full 3D depth information from a single H3D image, which makes it reliable and suitable for trend autonomous robotic applications.
The possibility of specifying both software and hardware components from a unified high-level description of an application is a very attractive design approach. However, despite the efforts spent for implementing suc...
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The possibility of specifying both software and hardware components from a unified high-level description of an application is a very attractive design approach. However, despite the efforts spent for implementing such an approach using general purpose programming languages, it has not yet shown to be viable and efficient for complex designs. One of the reasons is that the sequential programming model does not naturally provide explicit and scalable parallelism and composability properties that effectively permits to build portable applications that can be efficiently mapped on different kind of heterogeneous platforms. Conversely dataflow programming is an approach that naturally provides explicit parallel programs with composability properties. This paper presents a methodology for the hardware/software co-design that enables, by direct synthesis of both hardware descriptions (HDL), software components (C/C++) and mutual interfaces, to generate an implementation of the application from an unique dataflow program, running onto heterogeneous architectures composed by reconfigurable hardware and multi-core processors. Experimental results based on the implementation of a JPEG codec onto an heterogeneous platform are also provided to show the capabilities and flexibility of the implementation approach.
In hyperspectral images, for detection of vegetation, vegetation index algorithms has been developed by using reflectance / radiance data in the VNIR (Visible Near Infrared) hand. In this aspect, green regions in the ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509064946
In hyperspectral images, for detection of vegetation, vegetation index algorithms has been developed by using reflectance / radiance data in the VNIR (Visible Near Infrared) hand. In this aspect, green regions in the image can be detected. In this study, a new vegetation index algorithm is developed for SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) hyperspectral images for the purpose of vegetation detection. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method is tested on hyperspectral data which was taken from different places on different dates of the year. Test results show that vegetation regions in hyperspectral images can be detected successfully.
This paper describes large-scale content based image retrieval system, image Hawk search engine. imageHawk search engine uses 23.4 million images in its gallery. Users have two different methods to make their search: ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509064946
This paper describes large-scale content based image retrieval system, image Hawk search engine. imageHawk search engine uses 23.4 million images in its gallery. Users have two different methods to make their search: Product Quantization (PQ) and Transductive Support Vector Machine based Hashing using Binary Hierarchical Trees (TSVMH-BHT). images are first represented with 20480-dimensional Fisher vectors and then binary codes are extracted from Fisher vectors by using these two methods. 256-bit binary codes are used for PQ and 512-bit binary codes are used for TSVMH-BHT. When a query image is given to the search engine, the system returns the most similar 100 images in 30-40 seconds based on the size of the query image. In addition we also describe our new image retrieval dataset created by using imageCLEF 2013 and report the accuracies of some popular image retrieval methods on this dataset.
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