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A novel template-based multimedia processor array and its toolset

A novel template-based multimedia processor array and its to...

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International conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ELECO

作者： Mehmet Tükel Arda Yurdakul Berna Örs Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Istanbul Technical University Department of Computer Engineering Boğaziçi University

In this paper, we propose a template-based multimedia processor array and its design framework. The configurable processor array is designed for low-cost, low-power image/ video processing applications. Each processor in the array is template-based and implemented by considering the nature and specifications of image/video processing domain. The framework can set the size of the network and the parameters of the building blocks of each processor. Hence, the generated architecture occupies only the necessary amount of logic. To show the scalability and the performance of the design, different instances of the architecture implementing four test applications are generated. We have obtained better or comparable results in terms of energy consumption, throughput and area occupation compared to that of the similar architectures in literature.

关键词： Computer architecture Registers Parallel processing Hardware image processing Field programmable gate arrays Software

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Optimal design of Sparse MIMO Arrays for Near-Field Ultrawideband Imaging

Optimal Design of Sparse MIMO Arrays for Near-Field Ultrawid...

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European signal processing conference

作者： M. Burak Kocamis Figen S. Oktem Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical University Cankaya Ankara Turkey

Near-field ultrawideband imaging is a promising remote sensing technique in various applications such as air-port security, surveillance, medical diagnosis, and through-wall imaging. Recently, there has been increasing interest in using sparse multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays to reduce hardware complexity and cost. In this paper, based on a Bayesian estimation framework, an optimal design method is presented for two-dimensional MIMO arrays in ultrawideband imaging. The optimality criterion is defined based on the image reconstruction quality obtained with the design, and the optimization is performed over all possible locations of antenna elements using an algorithm called clustered sequential backward selection algorithm. The designs obtained with this approach are compared with that of some commonly used sparse array configurations in terms of image reconstruction quality for various noise levels.

关键词： Antenna arrays MIMO image reconstruction Imaging Antenna measurements Transmitting antennas

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LCDet: Low-Complexity Fully-Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Detection in Embedded Systems 30

LCDet: Low-Complexity Fully-Convolutional Neural Networks fo...

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30th IEEE/CVF conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Tripathi, Subarna Dane, Gokce Kang, Byeongkeun Bhaskaran, Vasudev Truong Nguyen Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Qualcomm Inc San Diego CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781538607336

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are the state-of-the-art performers for the object detection task. It is well known that object detection requires more computation and memory than image classification. In this work, we propose LCDet, a fully-convolutional neural network for generic object detection that aims to work in embedded systems. We design and develop an end-to-end TensorFlow(TF)-based model. The detection works by a single forward pass through the network. Additionally, we employ 8-bit quantization on the learned weights. As a use case, we choose face detection and train the proposed model on images containing a varying number of faces of different sizes. We evaluate the face detection performance on publicly available dataset FDDB and Widerface. Our experimental results show that the proposed method achieves comparative accuracy comparing with state-of-the-art CNN-based face detection methods while reducing the model size by 3x and memory-BW by 3 - 4x comparing with one of the best real-time CNN-based object detector YOLO [23]. Our 8-bit fixed-point TF-model provides additional 4x memory reduction while keeping the accuracy nearly as good as the floating point model and achieves 20x performance gain compared to the floating point model. Thus the proposed model is amenable for embedded implementations and is generic to be extended to any number of categories of objects.

关键词： Estimation Field programmable gate arrays OFDM Modulation Filtration Clocks signal processing algorithms

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signal analysis on the ball: design of optimal basis functions with maximal multiplicative concentration in spatial and spectral domains

Signal analysis on the ball: Design of optimal basis functio...

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International conference on Systems, signals and image processing, IWSSIP

作者： Wajeeha Nafees Zubair Khalid Rodney A. Kennedy School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore Pakistan Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781509063451

In this work, we design a set of complete orthonormal optimal basis functions for signals defined on the ball. We design the basis functions by maximizing the product of their energy concentration in some spatial region and that in some spectral region. The optimal basis functions are designed as a linear combination of space-limited functions with maximal concentration in the spectral region and band-limited functions with maximal concentration in the spatial region. The proposed optimal basis functions are shown to form a complete set for signal representation in a subspace formed by the vector sum of the subspaces spanned by space-limited and band-limited functions. We also formulate an integral operator which projects the signal to the joint subspace and maximizes the product of energy concentrations in harmonic and spatial domains. With the help of some properties of proposed optimal basis functions we show that these functions are the only eigenfunctions of the integral operator.

关键词： Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Harmonic analysis Spectral analysis Integral equations Kernel image processing

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Sobel filter operation in image processing via stochastic arithmetic-logic unit design

Sobel filter operation in image processing via stochastic ar...

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IEEE signal processing and Communications Applications (SIU)

作者： Sercan Aygün Mustafa Altun Ece Olcay Güneş Elektronik ve Haberleşme Mühendisliği Bölümü İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi İstanbul Türkiye Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bölümü Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi İstanbul Türkiye

ISBN: (纸本)9781509064953

With the increase of technological developments, the speed limit of the processors that have emerged has accelerated the reduction of nanotechnological solutions of transistors into atomic dimensions from nanometers. Physical systems in which stochastic computation is critical instead of deterministic computation by taking action from atomic behavior are discussed. For this reason, as an interdisciplinary study, this paper will discuss the application of the arithmetic-logic unit in stochastic behavior for the design issues and image processing applications. The logic level design made by considering the design constraints will be used during known image filtering operations. Probabilistic pixel values in binary that sent to the input of the arithmetic logic unit will be used in the Sobel image processing operator. The images are processed with both conventional filter and stochastic filter, then the results obtained will be given visually.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays image edge detection Transistors Nanoelectronics PSNR Computers

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design of a Color Palette Based image Steganography Algorithm for Fractal images 2

Design of a Color Palette Based Image Steganography Algorith...

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2nd IEEE International conference on Wireless Communications, signal processing and Networking (WiSPNET)

作者： Patel, Hetal N. Khant, Dipanjali R. Prajapati, Darshana AD Patel Inst Technol Elect & Commun Dept Anand Gujarat India M&B Patel Womens Inst Engn Math Dept Anand Gujarat India

ISBN: (纸本)9781509044429

image steganography is a smart technique of embedding the secret information into the cover image without any visual loss. As fractal image represents self-similar patterns, more number of bits can be embedded. A color palette based image steganography algorithm for the iterated Julia-set fractal image is proposed. The color palette is created and sorted based on the illumination values of the pixels. The palette is being scanned for embedding the secret bit, and the palette index is modified based on the secret bit's value. For improving the robustness of the algorithm, a random pixel selection technique is suggested and implemented effectively. The proposed algorithm gives maximum peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), up to the number 61, and Normalized Correlation (NC) of 0.999 for approximately 50 images.

关键词： Steganography fractals palette based images Julia set NC PSNR

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Use of Gabor filters and Deep Networks in the Segmentation of Retinal Vessel Morphology 15

Use of Gabor filters and Deep Networks in the Segmentation o...

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conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules, Cells, and Tissues XV

作者： Leopold, Henry A. Orchard, Jeff Zelek, John Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan Univ Waterloo Dept Syst Design Engn Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada Univ Waterloo David R Cheriton Sch Comp Sci Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781510605770;9781510605787

The segmentation of retinal morphology has numerous applications in assessing opthalmologic and cardiovascular disease pathologies. The early detection of many such conditions is often the most effective method for reducing patient risk. Computer aided segmentation of the vasculature has proven to be a challenge, mainly due to inconsistencies such as noise, variations in hue and brightness that can greatly reduce the quality of fundus images. Accurate fundus and/or retinal vessel maps give rise to longitudinal studies able to utilize multimodal image registration and disease/condition status measurements, as well as applications in surgery preparation and biometrics. This paper further investigates the use of a Convolutional Neural Network as a multi-channel classifier of retinal vessels using the Digital Retinal images for Vessel Extraction database, a standardized set of fundus images used to gauge the effectiveness of classification algorithms. The CNN has a feed-forward architecture and varies from other published architectures in its combination of: max-pooling, zero-padding, ReLU layers, batch normalization, two dense layers and finally a Softmax activation function. Notably, the use of Adam to optimize training the CNN on retinal fundus images has not been found in prior review. This work builds on prior work of the authors, exploring the use of Gabor filters to boost the accuracy of the system to 0.9478 during post processing. The mean of a series of Gabor filters with varying frequencies and sigma values are applied to the output of the network and used to determine whether a pixel represents a vessel or non-vessel.

关键词： Retinal image Analysis Gabor Filters Convolutional Neural Networks Deep Learning

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Key technologies of GNSS/INS/VO deep integration for UGV navigation in urban canyon

Key technologies of GNSS/INS/VO deep integration for UGV nav...

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11th Asian Control conference (ASCC)

作者： Wang Meiling Li Yafeng Feng Guoqiang Yang Yi Liu Tong Xuan Xiao Beijing Inst Technol Sch Automat Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol State Key Lab Complex Syst Intelligent Control & Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015733

As a new emerging integrated navigation technology, the GNSS/INS/VO deep integration system can fully leverage the synergistic and complementary characteristics of the three involved subsystems to achieve cost reduction while improving navigation accuracy, availability, and robustness, by mutual aiding between subsystems. In this paper, firstly, based on a brief review of the technical background and research status of the GNSS/INS/VO deep integration technology, the processing flows of this deep integration mode in both signal and information domains are analyzed, and its performance advantages are summarized. Then, the top-level technology roadmap of the GNSS/INS/VO deep integration for UGV navigation in the urban canyon is presented, and several key technical issues from scheme demonstration to engineering implementation are explored. At last, the short and medium term development prospects of the GNSS/INS/VO deep integration are envisaged. The proposed research ideas and system design concept for GNSS/INS/VO deep integration could be used as a reference for relevant technicians in navigation field.

关键词： Global navigation satellite system Receivers image processing Data integration Extraterrestrial measurements Robustness

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1-bit Massive MU-MIMO Precoding in VLSI

1-bit Massive MU-MIMO Precoding in VLSI

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IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems

作者： Castañeda, Oscar Jacobsson, Sven Durisi, Giuseppe Coldrey, Mikael Goldstein, Tom Studer, Christoph School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Ericsson Research Gothenburg417 56 Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg412 58 Sweden Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States

Massive multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) will be a core technology in fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems as it offers significant improvements in spectral efficiency compared to existing multi-antenna technologies. The presence of hundreds of antenna elements at the base station (BS), however, results in excessively high hardware costs and power consumption, and requires high interconnect throughput between the baseband-processing unit and the radio unit. Massive MU-MIMO that uses low-resolution analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) has the potential to address all these issues. In this paper, we focus on downlink precoding for massive MU-MIMO systems with 1-bit DACs at the BS. The objective is to design precoders that simultaneously mitigate MU interference and quantization artifacts. We propose two nonlinear 1-bit precoding algorithms and corresponding very large-scale integration (VLSI) designs. Our algorithms rely on biconvex relaxation, which enables the design of efficient 1-bit precoding algorithms that achieve superior error-rate performance compared with that of linear precoding algorithms followed by quantization. To showcase the efficacy of our algorithms, we design VLSI architectures that enable efficient 1-bit precoding for massive MU-MIMO systems, in which hundreds of antennas serve tens of user equipments. We present corresponding field-programmable gate array (FPGA) reference implementations to demonstrate that 1-bit precoding enables reliable and high-rate downlink data transmission in practical systems. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： MIMO systems 5G mobile communication systems Analog to digital conversion Antennas Codes (symbols) Digital to analog conversion Feedback control Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) Integrated circuit design Logic gates signal receivers Telecommunication repeaters VLSI circuits Biconvex relaxation Multiuser multiple input multiple outputs (MU MIMO) Precoding quantization Very large scale integrations (VLSI)

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A Methodology to Estimate the Energy Consumption and processing Time for image processing Algorithms in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

A Methodology to Estimate the Energy Consumption and Process...

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ARCS 2017;30th International conference on Architecture of Computing Systems

作者： Christian Hartmann Christian Widerspick Dietmar Fey Department of Computer Science Chair of Computer Architecture Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU)

Recent trends in the automotive sector led to the use of more computing architectures inside the car. The reason for this increase is the usage of new advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) in order to avoid human made accidents. Headed by Tesla, BMW and Mercedes all vast automobile manufacturer attempt to integrate ADAS systems inside their cars. With increasing system complexity and increasing costs a methodology to determine the functional properties and also to predict the non-functional properties is necessary in the early project stages. In contrast to systems with standard PC solutions, image processing advanced driver assistance systems are part of the embedded field. These systems have strict constraints such as processing time and energy consumption. Nowadays, simulation environments are used to consider the non-functional properties in the early stages of the design phase. These simulators are often inaccurate and have long simulation time for complex systems. In our work we introduce a novel methodology, based on the reuse distance theory to estimate non-functional properties for image processing algorithms in advanced driver assistance systems.

关键词： advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) image processing algorithm processing time energy consumption Driver Assistance Systems functional characteristics Cars design phases

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