Tumor is the most public health problem. The Wnt signal pathway extensively participates in diverse progresses containing embryonic development, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor pathogenesis. The Wnt signal pathwa...
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Tumor is the most public health problem. The Wnt signal pathway extensively participates in diverse progresses containing embryonic development, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor pathogenesis. The Wnt signal pathway consists of canonical signal pathway, noncanonical Wnt/PCP pathway and noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. The deletion of the ligand of Wnts results in cytoplasmic β-catenin phosphorylation, stopping entry of β-catenin to nuclear in canonical Wnt signaling. Instead, binding of Wnts to frizzled(FZ/FZD) as well as LRP5/6 causes activation of Wnt signal pathways. This facilitates entry of β-catenin to nuclear. The Dickkopf proteins(DKKs) have been known as the antagonist of Wnt signal pathway. A number of research of DKK1, 2, 3 have been reported, however, the effect of DKK4 on tumor process is still mysterious. A more distinct comprehension about the effect of DKK4 on tumorigenesis and tumor process will shed light on biomedical research of DKK4 and tumor research. This review summarizes the current knowledge of DKK4 in various kinds of tumors.
【Objective】: We aimed to assess and compare the expression of Dickkopf homolog 3(DKK3), a possible tumor suppressor gene(TSG), in oral leukoplakia(OLK) and oral submucous fibrosis(OSF) using immunohistochemistry. 【...
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【Objective】: We aimed to assess and compare the expression of Dickkopf homolog 3(DKK3), a possible tumor suppressor gene(TSG), in oral leukoplakia(OLK) and oral submucous fibrosis(OSF) using immunohistochemistry. 【Methods】: Seventy-five cases of normal oral mucosa(NOM), OLK, OSF, and squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) were studied. 【Results】: DKK3 was expressed in all cases of NOM, OLK and OSCC. There was steady increases in the percentage of the positive cells progressing toward OSCC. The expression was localized in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of cell affected by OLK with mild dysplasia and OLK with severe dysplasia. No significant association was observed between DKK3 expression and dysplastic status of OLK. Loss of DKK3 expression was observed in 15 of 30 cases in the OSF group, which was significantly associated with histological grade of OSF(P<0.0001). The percentage of positive cells gradually declined with the increasing severity of epithelial atrophy. A significant difference(P<0.01) was observed when comparing DKK3 expression among different groups of OLK and OSF cases. 【Conclusion】: DKK3 may have diverse expressions in oral premalignant lesions. Loss of DKK3 expression in dysplastic/advanced stage of OSF may imply a high risk of progression to oral cancer.
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