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Bias in Pruned vision Models: In-Depth Analysis and Countermeasures

Bias in Pruned Vision Models: In-Depth Analysis and Counterm...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Iofinova, Eugenia Peste, Alexandra Alistarh, Dan IST Austria Klosterneuburg Austria Neural Magic Somerville NJ USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Pruning-that is, setting a significant subset of the parameters of a neural network to zero-is one of the most popular methods of model compression. Yet, several recent works have raised the issue that pruning may induce or exacerbate bias in the output of the compressed model. Despite existing evidence for this phenomenon, the relationship between neural network pruning and induced bias is not well-understood. In this work, we systematically investigate and characterize this phenomenon in Convolutional Neural Networks for computer vision. First, we show that it is in fact possible to obtain highly-sparse models, e.g. with less than 10% remaining weights, which do not decrease in accuracy nor substantially increase in bias when compared to dense models. At the same time, we also find that, at higher sparsities, pruned models exhibit higher uncertainty in their outputs, as well as increased correlations, which we directly link to increased bias. We propose easy-to-use criteria which, based only on the uncompressed model, establish whether bias will increase with pruning, and identify the samples most susceptible to biased predictions post-compression. Our code can be found at https://***/IST-DASLab/pruned-vision-model-bias.

关键词： accountability ethics in vision fairness privacy Transparency

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Generating Aligned Pseudo-Supervision from Non-Aligned Data for Image Restoration in Under-Display Camera

Generating Aligned Pseudo-Supervision from Non-Aligned Data ...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Feng, Ruicheng Li, Chongyi Chen, Huaijin Li, Shuai Gu, Jinwei Loy, Chen Change Nanyang Technol Univ S Lab Singapore Singapore SenseBrain Technol San Jose CA USA Chinese Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Shanghai AI Lab Shanghai Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Due to the difficulty in collecting large-scale and perfectly aligned paired training data for Under-Display Camera (UDC) image restoration, previous methods resort to monitor-based image systems or simulation-based methods, sacrificing the realness of the data and introducing domain gaps. In this work, we revisit the classic stereo setup for training data collection - capturing two images of the same scene with one UDC and one standard camera. The key idea is to "copy" details from a high-quality reference image and "paste" them on the UDC image. While being able to generate real training pairs, this setting is susceptible to spatial misalignment due to perspective and depth of field changes. The problem is further compounded by the large domain discrepancy between the UDC and normal images, which is unique to UDC restoration. In this paper, we mitigate the non-trivial domain discrepancy and spatial misalignment through a novel Transformer-based framework that generates well-aligned yet high-quality target data for the corresponding UDC input. This is made possible through two carefully designed components, namely, the Domain Alignment Module (DAM) and Geometric Alignment Module (GAM), which encourage robust and accurate discovery of correspondence between the UDC and normal views. Extensive experiments show that high-quality and well-aligned pseudo UDC training pairs are beneficial for training a robust restoration network. Code and the dataset are available at https://github. com/ jnjaby/AlignFormer.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Test of Time: Instilling Video-Language Models with a Sense of Time

Test of Time: Instilling Video-Language Models with a Sense ...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Bagad, Piyush Tapaswi, Makarand Snoek, Cees G. M. Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands IIIT Hyderabad Hyderabad India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Modelling and understanding time remains a challenge in contemporary video understanding models. With language emerging as a key driver towards powerful generalization, it is imperative for foundational video-language models to have a sense of time. In this paper, we consider a specific aspect of temporal understanding: consistency of time order as elicited by before/after relations. We establish that seven existing video-language models struggle to understand even such simple temporal relations. We then question whether it is feasible to equip these foundational models with temporal awareness without re-training them from scratch. Towards this, we propose a temporal adaptation recipe on top of one such model, VideoCLIP, based on post-pretraining on a small amount of video-text data. We conduct a zero-shot evaluation of the adapted models on six datasets for three downstream tasks which require varying degrees of time awareness. We observe encouraging performance gains especially when the task needs higher time awareness. Our work serves as a first step towards probing and instilling a sense of time in existing video-language models without the need for data and compute-intense training from scratch.

关键词： language reasoning vision

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Deep Random Projector: Accelerated Deep Image Prior

Deep Random Projector: Accelerated Deep Image Prior

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Li, Taihui Wang, Hengkang Zhuang, Zhong Sun, Ju Univ Minnesota Comp Sci & Engn Minneapolis MN 55455 USA Univ Minnesota Elect & Comp Engn Minneapolis MN USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Deep image prior (DIP) has shown great promise in tackling a variety of image restoration (IR) and general visual inverse problems, needing no training data. However, the resulting optimization process is often very slow, inevitably hindering DIP's practical usage for time-sensitive scenarios. In this paper, we focus on IR, and propose two crucial modifications to DIP that help achieve substantial speedup: 1) optimizing the DIP seed while freezing randomly-initialized network weights, and 2) reducing the network depth. In addition, we reintroduce explicit priors, such as sparse gradient prior-encoded by total-variation regularization, to preserve the DIP peak performance. We evaluate the proposed method on three IR tasks, including image denoising, image super-resolution, and image inpainting, against the original DIP and variants, as well as the competing metaDIP that uses meta-learning to learn good initializers with extra data. Our method is a clear winner in obtaining competitive restoration quality in a minimal amount of time. Our code is available at https://***/sun-umn/Deep-Random-Projector.

关键词： vision applications and systems

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Joint Token Pruning and Squeezing Towards More Aggressive Compression of vision Transformers

Joint Token Pruning and Squeezing Towards More Aggressive Co...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Wei, Siyuan Ye, Tianzhu Zhang, Shen Tang, Yao Liang, Jiajun MEGVII Technol Beijing Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Although vision transformers (ViTs) have shown promising results in various computer vision tasks recently, their high computational cost limits their practical applications. Previous approaches that prune redundant tokens have demonstrated a good trade-off between performance and computation costs. Nevertheless, errors caused by pruning strategies can lead to significant information loss. Our quantitative experiments reveal that the impact of pruned tokens on performance should be noticeable. To address this issue, we propose a novel joint Token Pruning & Squeezing module (TPS) for compressing vision transformers with higher efficiency. Firstly, TPS adopts pruning to get the reserved and pruned subsets. Secondly, TPS squeezes the information of pruned tokens into partial reserved tokens via the unidirectional nearest-neighbor matching and similarity-based fusing steps. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our approach outperforms them under all token pruning intensities. Especially while shrinking DeiT-tiny&small computational budgets to 35%, it improves the accuracy by 1%-6% compared with baselines on ImageNet classification. The proposed method can accelerate the throughput of DeiT-small beyond DeiT-tiny, while its accuracy surpasses DeiT-tiny by 4.78%. Experiments on various transformers demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, while analysis experiments prove our higher robustness to the errors of the token pruning policy. Code is available at https://***/megvii-research/TPS-cvpr2023.

关键词： Deep learning architectures and techniques

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Comprehensive and Delicate: An Efficient Transformer for Image Restoration

Comprehensive and Delicate: An Efficient Transformer for Ima...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Zhao, Haiyu Gou, Yuanbiao Li, Boyun Peng, Dezhong Lv, Jiancheng Peng, Xi Sichuan Univ Coll Comp Sci Chengdu Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

vision Transformers have shown promising performance in image restoration, which usually conduct window- or channel-based attention to avoid intensive computations. Although the promising performance has been achieved, they go against the biggest success factor of Transformers to a certain extent by capturing the local instead of global dependency among pixels. In this paper, we propose a novel efficient image restoration Transformer that first captures the superpixel-wise global dependency, and then transfers it into each pixel. Such a coarse-to-fine paradigm is implemented through two neural blocks, i.e., condensed attention neural block (CA) and dual adaptive neural block (DA). In brief, CA employs feature aggregation, attention computation, and feature recovery to efficiently capture the global dependency at the superpixel level. To embrace the pixel-wise global dependency, DA takes a novel dual-way structure to adaptively encapsulate the globality from superpixels into pixels. Thanks to the two neural blocks, our method achieves comparable performance while taking only similar to 6% FLOPs compared with SwinIR.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Content-aware Input Scaling and Deep Learning Computation Offloading for Low-Latency Embedded vision

Content-aware Input Scaling and Deep Learning Computation Of...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Prabhune, Omkar Chen, Tianen Kim, Younghyun Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Univ Wisconsin Madison WI 53706 USA Google Mountain View CA 94043 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Deploying deep learning (DL) models for visual recognition on embedded systems is often constrained by their limited compute power and storage capacity, and has stringent latency and power requirements. As emerging DL applications continue to evolve, they place increasing demands on computational resources that embedded vision systems are unable to provision. One promising solution to overcome these limitations is computation offloading. However, for performance improvements to be realized, it is essential to carefully partition tasks, taking into account both the quality of the data and the communication overhead. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for content-aware offloading of DL computations, aimed at maximizing quality-of-service while adhering to latency constraints. Our proposed framework involves the embedded vision system/edge device intelligently compressing data in a contentaware manner using a lightweight model and transmitting it to a more powerful server. The framework consists of two key components: offline training for efficient content-aware data scaling and online control that adapts to the network variations in real-time. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, we apply it to multiple downstream tasks such as face identification, person keypoint detection, and instance segmentation, showcasing a significant enhancement in the overall quality of results for various applications.

关键词： AI on edge computation offloading content-aware compression content-aware offloading deep learning edge computing edge ML efficient deep learning efficient ML embedded vision face identification low-latency deep learning low-power ML ml system tinyML

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NIPQ: Noise proxy-based Integrated Pseudo-Quantization

NIPQ: Noise proxy-based Integrated Pseudo-Quantization

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Shin, Juncheol So, Junhyuk Park, Sein Kang, Seungyeop Yoo, Sungjoo Park, Eunhyeok POSTECH Dept Comp Sci & Engn Pohang South Korea POSTECH Grad Sch Artificial Intelligence Pohang South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept ent Comp Sci & Engn Seoul South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Straight-through estimator (STE), which enables the gradient flow over the non-differentiable function via approximation, has been favored in studies related to quantization-aware training (QAT). However, STE incurs unstable convergence during QAT, resulting in notable quality degradation in low precision. Recently, pseudo-quantization training has been proposed as an alternative approach to updating the learnable parameters using the pseudo-quantization noise instead of STE. In this study, we propose a novel noise proxy-based integrated pseudo-quantization (NIPQ) that enables unified support of pseudoquantization for both activation and weight by integrating the idea of truncation on the pseudo-quantization framework. NIPQ updates all of the quantization parameters (e.g., bit-width and truncation boundary) as well as the network parameters via gradient descent without STE instability. According to our extensive experiments, NIPQ outperforms existing quantization algorithms in various vision and language applications by a large margin.

关键词： Efficient and scalable vision

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ViTA: An Efficient Video-to-Text Algorithm using VLM for RAG-based Video Analysis System

ViTA: An Efficient Video-to-Text Algorithm using VLM for RAG...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Arefeen, Md Adnan Debnath, Biplob Uddin, Md Yusuf Sarwar Chakradhar, Srimat NEC Labs Amer Princeton NJ 08540 USA Univ Missouri Kansas City MO 64110 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is used in natural language processing (NLP) to provide query-relevant information in enterprise documents to large language models (LLMs). Such enterprise context enables the LLMs to generate more informed and accurate responses. When enterprise data is primarily videos, AI models like vision language models (VLMs) are necessary to convert information in videos into text. While essential, this conversion is a bottleneck, especially for large corpus of videos. It delays the timely use of enterprise videos to generate useful responses. We propose ViTA, a novel method that leverages two unique characteristics of VLMs to expedite the conversion process. As VLMs output more text tokens, they incur higher latency. In addition, large (heavyweight) VLMs can extract intricate details from images and videos, but they incur much higher latency per output token when compared to smaller (lightweight) VLMs that may miss details. To expedite conversion, ViTA first employs a lightweight VLM to quickly understand the gist or overview of an image or a video clip, and directs a heavyweight VLM (through prompt engineering) to extract additional details by using only a few (preset number of) output tokens. Our experimental results show that ViTA expedites the conversion time by as much as 43%, without compromising the accuracy of responses when compared to a baseline system that only uses a heavyweight VLM.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Natural Language Processing Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) Video Analytics vision Language Models (VLMs)

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Gloss Attention for Gloss-free Sign Language Translation

Gloss Attention for Gloss-free Sign Language Translation

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Yin, Aoxiong Zhong, Tianyun Tang, Li Jin, Weike Jin, Tao Zhao, Zhou Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Most sign language translation (SLT) methods to date require the use of gloss annotations to provide additional supervision information, however, the acquisition of gloss is not easy. To solve this problem, we first perform an analysis of existing models to confirm how gloss annotations make SLT easier. We find that it can provide two aspects of information for the model, 1) it can help the model implicitly learn the location of semantic boundaries in continuous sign language videos, 2) it can help the model understand the sign language video globally. We then propose gloss attention, which enables the model to keep its attention within video segments that have the same semantics locally, just as gloss helps existing models do. Furthermore, we transfer the knowledge of sentence-to-sentence similarity from the natural language model to our gloss attention SLT network (GASLT) to help it understand sign language videos at the sentence level. Experimental results on multiple large-scale sign language datasets show that our proposed GASLT model significantly outperforms existing methods. Our code is provided in https://***/YinAoXiong/GASLT.

关键词： language reasoning vision

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