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ABLE-NeRF: Attention-Based Rendering with Learnable Embeddings for Neural Radiance Field

ABLE-NeRF: Attention-Based Rendering with Learnable Embeddin...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Tang, Zhe Jun Cham, Tat-Jen Zhao, Haiyu Nanyang Technol Univ S Lab Singapore Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore Singapore SenseTime Res Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) is a popular method in representing 3D scenes by optimising a continuous volumetric scene function. Its large success which lies in applying volumetric rendering (VR) is also its Achilles' heel in producing view-dependent effects. As a consequence, glossy and transparent surfaces often appear murky. A remedy to reduce these artefacts is to constrain this VR equation by excluding volumes with back-facing normal. While this approach has some success in rendering glossy surfaces, translucent objects are still poorly represented. In this paper, we present an alternative to the physics-based VR approach by introducing a self-attention-based framework on volumes along a ray. In addition, inspired by modern game engines which utilise Light Probes to store local lighting passing through the scene, we incorporate Learnable Embeddings to capture view dependent effects within the scene. Our method, which we call ABLE-NeRF, significantly reduces 'blurry' glossy surfaces in rendering and produces realistic translucent surfaces which lack in prior art. In the Blender dataset, ABLE-NeRF achieves SOTA results and surpasses Ref-NeRF in all 3 image quality metrics PSNR, SSIM, LPIPS.

关键词： vision + graphics

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Investigating Catastrophic Overfitting in Fast Adversarial Training: A Self-fitting Perspective

Investigating Catastrophic Overfitting in Fast Adversarial T...

引用

2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： He, Zhengbao Li, Tao Chen, Sizhe Huang, Xiaolin Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Although fast adversarial training provides an efficient approach for building robust networks, it may suffer from a serious problem known as catastrophic overfitting (CO), where multi-step robust accuracy suddenly collapses to zero. In this paper, we for the first time decouple single-step adversarial examples into data-information and self-information, which reveals an interesting phenomenon called "self-fitting". Self-fitting, i.e., the network learns the self-information embedded in single-step perturbations, naturally leads to the occurrence of CO. When self-fitting occurs, the network experiences an obvious "channel differentiation"phenomenon that some convolution channels accounting for recognizing self-information become dominant, while others for data-information are suppressed. In this way, the network can only recognize images with sufficient self-information and loses generalization ability to other types of data. Based on self-fitting, we provide new insights into the existing methods to mitigate CO and extend CO to multi-step adversarial training. Our findings reveal a self-learning mechanism in adversarial training and open up new perspectives for suppressing different kinds of information to mitigate CO. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： computer vision

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UMat: Uncertainty-Aware Single Image High Resolution Material Capture

UMat: Uncertainty-Aware Single Image High Resolution Materia...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Rodriguez-Pardo, Carlos Dominguez-Elvira, Henar Pascual-Hernandez, David Garces, Elena SEDDI Madrid Spain Univ Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

We propose a learning-based method to recover normals, specularity, and roughness from a single diffuse image of a material, using microgeometry appearance as our primary cue. Previous methods that work on single images tend to produce over-smooth outputs with artifacts, operate at limited resolution, or train one model per class with little room for generalization. In contrast, in this work, we propose a novel capture approach that leverages a generative network with attention and a U-Net discriminator, which shows outstanding performance integrating global information at reduced computational complexity. We showcase the performance of our method with a real dataset of digitized textile materials and show that a commodity flatbed scanner can produce the type of diffuse illumination required as input to our method. Additionally, because the problem might be illposed -more than a single diffuse image might be needed to disambiguate the specular reflection- or because the training dataset is not representative enough of the real distribution, we propose a novel framework to quantify the model's confidence about its prediction at test time. Our method is the first one to deal with the problem of modeling uncertainty in material digitization, increasing the trustworthiness of the process and enabling more intelligent strategies for dataset creation, as we demonstrate with an active learning experiment.

关键词： vision + graphics

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Stereo Cross Global Learnable Attention Module for Stereo Image Super-Resolution

Stereo Cross Global Learnable Attention Module for Stereo Im...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Zhou, Yuanbo Xue, Yuyang Deng, Wei Nie, Ruofeng Zhang, Jiajun Pu, Jiaqi Gao, Qinquan Lan, Junlin Tong, Tong Fuzhou University China University of Edinburgh United Kingdom Imperial Vision Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Stereo super-resolution is a technique that utilizes corresponding information from multiple viewpoints to enhance the texture of low-resolution images. In recent years, numerous impressive works have advocated attention mechanisms based on epipolar constraints to boost the performance of stereo super-resolution. However, techniques that exclusively depend on epipolar constraint attention are insufficient to recover realistic and natural textures for heavily corrupted low-resolution images. We noticed that global self-similarity features within the image and across the views can proficiently fix the texture details of low-resolution images that are severely damaged. Therefore, in the current paper, we propose a stereo cross global learnable attention module (SCGLAM), aiming to improve the performance of stereo super-resolution. The experimental outcomes show that our approach outperforms others when dealing with heavily damaged low-resolution images. The relevant code is made available on this link as open source. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Textures

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Learning Generative Structure Prior for Blind Text Image Super-resolution

Learning Generative Structure Prior for Blind Text Image Sup...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Xiaoming Zuo, Wangmeng Loy, Chen Change Nanyang Technol Univ S Lab Singapore Singapore Harbin Inst Technol Harbin Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Blind text image super-resolution (SR) is challenging as one needs to cope with diverse font styles and unknown degradation. To address the problem, existing methods perform character recognition in parallel to regularize the SR task, either through a loss constraint or intermediate feature condition. Nonetheless, the high-level prior could still fail when encountering severe degradation. The problem is further compounded given characters of complex structures, e.g., Chinese characters that combine multiple pictographic or ideographic symbols into a single character. In this work, we present a novel prior that focuses more on the character structure. In particular, we learn to encapsulate rich and diverse structures in a StyleGAN and exploit such generative structure priors for restoration. To restrict the generative space of StyleGAN so that it obeys the structure of characters yet remains flexible in handling different font styles, we store the discrete features for each character in a codebook. The code subsequently drives the StyleGAN to generate high-resolution structural details to aid text SR. Compared to priors based on character recognition, the proposed structure prior exerts stronger character-specific guidance to restore faithful and precise strokes of a designated character. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the compelling performance of the proposed generative structure prior in facilitating robust text SR. Our code is available at https://***/csxmli2016/MARCONet.

关键词： Low-level vision

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Dynamic Conceptional Contrastive Learning for Generalized Category Discovery

Dynamic Conceptional Contrastive Learning for Generalized Ca...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Pu, Nan Zhong, Zhun Sebe, Nicu Univ Trento Dept Informat Engn & Comp Sci Trento Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350301298

Generalized category discovery (GCD) is a recently proposed open-world problem, which aims to automatically cluster partially labeled data. The main challenge is that the unlabeled data contain instances that are not only from known categories of the labeled data but also from novel categories. This leads traditional novel category discovery (NCD) methods to be incapacitated for GCD, due to their assumption of unlabeled data are only from novel categories. One effective way for GCD is applying self-supervised learning to learn discriminate representation for unlabeled data. However, this manner largely ignores underlying relationships between instances of the same concepts (e.g., class, super-class, and sub-class), which results in inferior representation learning. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Conceptional Contrastive Learning (DCCL) framework, which can effectively improve clustering accuracy by alternately estimating underlying visual conceptions and learning conceptional representation. In addition, we design a dynamic conception generation and update mechanism, which is able to ensure consistent conception learning and thus further facilitate the optimization of DCCL. Extensive experiments show that DCCL achieves new state-of-the-art performances on six generic and fine-grained visual recognition datasets, especially on fine-grained ones. For example, our method significantly surpasses the best competitor by 16.2% on the new classes for the CUB-200 dataset. Code is available at https: //***/TPCD/DCCL

关键词： vision applications and systems

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Contactless Blood Pressure Measurement via Remote Photoplethysmography with Synthetic Data Generation Using Generative Adversarial Network

Contactless Blood Pressure Measurement via Remote Photopleth...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wu, Bing-Fei Chiu, Li-Wen Wu, Yi-Chiao Lai, Chun-Chih Chu, Pao-Hsien Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ Inst Elect & Control Engn New Taipei Taiwan Chang Gung Univ Chang Gung Mem Hosp Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Deriving blood pressure in a non-invasive way via photoplethysmography (PPG) signals has become a familiar topic. With the knowledge of the relation between PPG and blood pressure, we expect to further make the measurement contactless for convenience reasons. An alternative signal source is remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) signals. There are mainly two kinds of approaches for exploiting blood pressure through PPG signals, one is by calculating the pulse transit time of the arterial pulse wave at two consecutive sites and the other is based on waveform feature analysis from a single signal. The calibration procedure is necessary for the former way, which leads to some limitations in general use. On the other hand, the properties of the rPPG waveform are far from PPG signals. Hence, the known waveform features in PPG signals are hard to be leveraged in the case of rPPG signals. Recently, convolutional neural networks are also applied for solving this problem. However, the lack of data is an obstacle to the training procedure and evaluation. In this study, a multichannel rPPG-based blood pressure estimator is proposed. To ease the data scarcity issue, the generative adversarial network is adopted to augment synthetic waveform data. Besides, as we know that some physiological states like age and BMI are dominant factors in blood pressure. InfoGAN is chosen in this work to generate the synthetic data with the blood pressure value fluctuating correspondingly to the controlled age and BMI combination. The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on MIMIC III and Cuffless datasets. With the synthetic data generation, the mean absolute error (MAE) is reduced to 6.72 and 5.95 mmHg in MAP and DBP respectively. The standard deviations of the MAEs are also reduced. In the rPPG case, the MAE of SBP is 9.13 and 8.76 mmHg for DBP.

关键词： Training Interference Photoplethysmography Generative adversarial networks Blood pressure Pressure measurement pattern recognition

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Fast GraspNeXt: A Fast Self-Attention Neural Network Architecture for Multi-task Learning in computer vision Tasks for Robotic Grasping on the Edge

Fast GraspNeXt: A Fast Self-Attention Neural Network Archite...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Wong, Alexander Wu, Yifan Abbasi, Saad Nair, Saeejith Chen, Yuhao Shafiee, Mohammad Javad Vision and Image Processing Research Group University of Waterloo Canada Waterloo Artificial Intelligence Institute WaterlooON Canada DarwinAI Corp. WaterlooON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Multi-task learning has shown considerable promise for improving the performance of deep learning-driven vision systems for the purpose of robotic grasping. However, high architectural and computational complexity can result in poor suitability for deployment on embedded devices that are typically leveraged in robotic arms for real-world manufacturing and warehouse environments. As such, the design of highly efficient multi-task deep neural network architectures tailored for computer vision tasks for robotic grasping on the edge is highly desired for widespread adoption in manufacturing environments. Motivated by this, we propose Fast GraspNeXt, a fast self-attention neural network architecture tailored for embedded multi-task learning in computer vision tasks for robotic grasping. To build Fast GraspNeXt, we leverage a generative network architecture search strategy with a set of architectural constraints customized to achieve a strong balance between multitask learning performance and embedded inference efficiency. Experimental results on the MetaGraspNet benchmark dataset show that the Fast GraspNeXt network design achieves the highest performance (average precision (AP), accuracy, and mean squared error (MSE)) across multiple computer vision tasks when compared to other efficient multi-task network architecture designs, while having only 17.8M parameters (about >5× smaller), 259 GFLOPs (as much as >5× lower) and as much as >3.15× faster on a NVIDIA Jetson TX2 embedded processor. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： computer vision

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Diversified and Multi-Class Controllable Industrial Defect Synthesis for Data Augmentation and Transfer

Diversified and Multi-Class Controllable Industrial Defect S...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Wei, Jing Shen, Fei Lv, Chengkan Zhang, Zhengtao Zhang, Feng Yang, Huabin Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China The School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Casi Vision Technology CO. China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Data augmentation is crucial to solve few-sample issues in industrial inspection based on deep learning. However, current industrial data augmentation methods have not yet demonstrated on-par ability in the synthesis of complex defects with pixel-level annotations. This paper proposes a new defect synthesis framework to fill the gap. Firstly, DCDGANc (Diversified and multi-class Controllable Defect Generation Adversarial Networks based on constant source images) is proposed to employ class labels to construct source inputs to control the category and random codes to generate diversified styles of defects. DCDGANc can generate defect content images with pure backgrounds, which avoids the influence of non-defect information and makes it easy to obtain binary masks by segmentation. Secondly, the Poisson blending is improved to avoid content loss when blending generated defect contents to the normal backgrounds. Finally, the complete defect samples and accurate pixel-level annotations are obtained by fine image processing. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our work in wood, fabric, metal, and marble. The results show that our methods yield significant improvement in the segmentation performance of industrial products. Moreover, our work enables zero-shot inspection by facilitating defect transfer between datasets with different backgrounds but similar defects, which can greatly reduce the cost of data collection in industrial inspection. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Defects

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Camera-based Recovery of Cardiovascular Signals from Unconstrained Face Videos using an Attention Network

Camera-based Recovery of Cardiovascular Signals from Unconst...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Deshpande, Yogesh Thapa, Surendrabikram Sarkar, Abhijit Abbott, A. Lynn Virginia Tech Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Virginia Tech Department of Computer Science United States Virginia Tech Transportation Institute United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

This paper addresses the problem of recovering the shape morphology of blood volume pulse (BVP) information from a video of a person's face. Video-based remote plethysmography methods have shown promising results in estimating vital signs such as heart rate and breathing rate. However, recovering the instantaneous pulse rate signals is still a challenge for the community. This is due to the fact that most of the previous methods concentrate on capturing the temporal average of the cardiovascular signals. In contrast, we present an approach in which BVP signals are extracted with a focus on the recovery of the signal shape morphology as a generalized form for the computation of physiological metrics. We also place emphasis on allowing natural movements by the subject. Furthermore, our system is capable of extracting individual BVP instances with sufficient signal detail to facilitate candidate re-identification. These improvements have resulted in part from the incorporation of a robust skin-detection module into the overall imaging-based photoplethysmography (iPPG) framework. We present extensive experimental results using the challenging UBFC-Phys dataset and the well-known COHFACE dataset. The source code is available at https://***/yogeshd21/CVPM-2023-iPPG-Paper. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Recovery

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