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Does Image Anonymization Impact computer vision Training?

Does Image Anonymization Impact Computer Vision Training?

引用

ieee computer Society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (cvprw)

作者： Håkon Hukkelås Frank Lindseth Deparment of Computer Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Image anonymization is widely adapted in practice to comply with privacy regulations in many regions. However, anonymization often degrades the quality of the data, reducing its utility for computer vision development. In this paper, we investigate the impact of image anonymization for training computer vision models on key computer vision tasks (detection, instance segmentation, and pose estimation). Specifically, we benchmark the recognition drop on common detection datasets, where we evaluate both traditional and realistic anonymization for faces and full bodies. Our comprehensive experiments reflect that traditional image anonymization substantially impacts final model performance, particularly when anonymizing the full body. Furthermore, we find that realistic anonymization can mitigate this decrease in performance, where our experiments reflect a minimal performance drop for face anonymization. Our study demonstrates that realistic anonymization can enable privacy-preserving computer vision development with minimal performance degradation across a range of important computer vision benchmarks.

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Assistive Signals for Deep Neural Network Classifiers

Assistive Signals for Deep Neural Network Classifiers

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Pestana, Camilo Liu, Wei Glance, David Owens, Robyn Mian, Ajmal Univ Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

Deep Neural Networks are brittle in that small changes in the input can drastically affect their prediction outcome and confidence. Consequently, research in this area mainly focus on adversarial attacks and defenses. In this paper, we take an alternative stance and introduce the concept of Assistive Signals, which are perturbations optimized to improve a model's confidence score regardless if it's under attack or not. We analyze some interesting properties of these assistive perturbations and extend the idea to optimize them in the 3D space simulating different lighting conditions and viewing angles. Experimental evaluations show that the assistive signals generated by our optimization method increase the accuracy and confidence of deep models more than those generated by conventional methods that work in the 2D space. 'Assistive Signals' also illustrate bias of ML models towards certain patterns in real-life objects.

关键词： Deep learning computer vision Three-dimensional displays Perturbation methods conferences Optimization methods Lighting

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Initialization and Transfer Learning of Stochastic Binary Networks from Real-Valued Ones

Initialization and Transfer Learning of Stochastic Binary Ne...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Livochka, Anastasiia Shekhovtsov, Alexander Ukrainian Catholic Univ Lvov Ukraine Czech Tech Univ Prague Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

We consider the training of binary neural networks (BNNs) using the stochastic relaxation approach, which leads to stochastic binary networks (SBNs). We identify that a severe obstacle to training deep SBNs without skip connections is already the initialization phase. While smaller models can be trained from a random (possibly data-driven) initialization, for deeper models and large datasets, it becomes increasingly difficult to obtain non-vanishing and low variance gradients when initializing randomly. In this work, we initialize SBNs from real-valued networks with ReLU activations. Real valued networks are well established, easier to train and benefit from many techniques to improve their generalization properties. We propose that closely approximating their internal features can provide a good initialization for SBN. We transfer features incrementally, layer-by-layer, accounting for noises in the SBN, exploiting equivalent reparametrizations of ReLU networks and using a novel transfer loss formulation. We demonstrate experimentally that with the proposed initialization, binary networks can be trained faster and achieve a higher accuracy than when initialized randomly.

关键词： Training computer vision conferences Transfer learning Neural networks Stochastic processes pattern recognition

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Collaborative Image and Object Level Features for Image Colourisation

Collaborative Image and Object Level Features for Image Colo...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Pucci, Rita Micheloni, Christian Martinel, Niki Univ Udine Udine Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

Image colourisation is an ill-posed problem, with multiple correct solutions which depend on the context and object instances present in the input datum. Previous approaches attacked the problem either by requiring intense user-interactions or by exploiting the ability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in learning image-level (context) features. However, obtaining human hints is not always feasible and CNNs alone are not able to learn entity-level semantics, unless multiple models pre-trained with supervision are considered. In this work, we propose a single network, named UCapsNet, that takes into consideration the image-level features obtained through convolutions and entity-level features captured by means of capsules. Then, by skip connections over different layers, we enforce collaboration between such the convolutional and entity factors to produce a high-quality and plausible image colourisation. We pose the problem as a classification task that can be addressed by a fully unsupervised approach, thus requires no human effort. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets show that our approach outperforms existing methods on standard quality metrics and achieves state-of-the-art performances on image colourisation. A large scale user study shows that our method is preferred over existing solutions. Code available at https://***/Riretta/Image_Colourisation_WiCV_2021.

关键词： Convolutional codes computer vision Semantics Collaboration Training data Feature extraction pattern recognition

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v2e: From Video Frames to Realistic DVS Events

v2e: From Video Frames to Realistic DVS Events

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Hu, Yuhuang Liu, Shih-Chii Delbruck, Tobi Univ Zurich Inst Neuroinformat Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Technol Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

To help meet the increasing need for dynamic vision sensor (DVS) event camera data, this paper proposes the v2e toolbox that generates realistic synthetic DVS events from intensity frames. It also clarifies incorrect claims about DVS motion blur and latency characteristics in recent literature. Unlike other toolboxes, v2e includes pixel-level Gaussian event threshold mismatch, finite intensity-dependent bandwidth, and intensity-dependent noise. Realistic DVS events are useful in training networks for uncontrolled lighting conditions. The use of v2e synthetic events is demonstrated in two experiments. The first experiment is object recognition with N-Caltech 101 dataset. Results show that pretraining on various v2e lighting conditions improves generalization when transferred on real DVS data for a ResNet model. The second experiment shows that for night driving, a car detector trained with v2e events shows an average accuracy improvement of 40% compared to the YOLOv3 trained on intensity frames.

关键词： Training Visualization Lighting vision sensors Tools Cameras pattern recognition

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CoCon: Cooperative-Contrastive Learning

CoCon: Cooperative-Contrastive Learning

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Rai, Nishant Adeli, Ehsan Lee, Kuan-Hui Gaidon, Adrien Niebles, Juan Carlos Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA Toyota Res Inst Toyota Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

Labeling videos at scale is impractical. Consequently, self-supervised visual representation learning is key for efficient video analysis. Recent success in learning image representations suggest contrastive learning is a promising framework to tackle this challenge. However, when applied to real-world videos, contrastive learning may unknowingly lead to separation of instances that contain semantically similar events. In our work, we introduce a cooperative variant of contrastive learning to utilize complementary information across views and address this issue. We use data-driven sampling to leverage implicit relationships between multiple input video views, whether observed (e.g. RGB) or inferred (e.g. flow, segmentation masks, poses). We are one of the firsts to explore exploiting inter-instance relationships to drive learning. We experimentally evaluate our representations on the downstream task of action recognition. Our method achieves competitive performance on standard benchmarks (UCF101, HMDB51, Kinetics400). Furthermore, qualitative experiments illustrate that our models can capture higher-order class relationships. The code is available at http://***/nishantrai18/CoCon.

关键词： computer vision Visualization Semantics Performance gain pattern recognition Noise measurement Labeling

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Leveraging Style and Content features for Text Conditioned Image Retrieval

Leveraging Style and Content features for Text Conditioned I...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Chawla, Pranit Jandial, Surgan Badjatiya, Pinkesh Chopra, Ayush Sarkar, Mausoom Krishnamurthy, Balaji IIT Kharagpur Kharagpur W Bengal India IIT Hyderabad Kandi Telangana India Adobe Media & Data Sci Res Lab San Jose CA USA MIT Cambridge MA 02139 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

Image Search is a fundamental task playing a significant role in the success of wide variety of frameworks and applications. However, with the increasing sizes of product catalogues and the number of attributes per product, it has become difficult for users to express their needs effectively. Therefore, we focus on the problem of Image Retrieval with Text Feedback, which involves retrieving modified images according to the natural language feedback provided by users. In this work, we hypothesise that since an image can be delineated by its content and style features, modifications to the image can also take place in the two sub spaces respectively. Hence, we decompose an input image into its corresponding style and content features, apply modification of the text feedback individually in both the style and content spaces and finally fuse them for retrieval. Our experiments show that our approach outperforms a recent state of the art method in this task, TIRG, that seeks to use a single vector in contrast to leveraging the modification via text over style and content spaces separately.

关键词： computer vision Fuses conferences Image retrieval Natural languages pattern recognition Task analysis

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Unsupervised Detection of Cancerous Regions in Histology Imagery using Image-to-Image Translation

Unsupervised Detection of Cancerous Regions in Histology Ima...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Stepec, Dejan Skocaj, Danijel Univ Ljubljana Fac Comp & Informat Sci Vecna Pot 113 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia XLAB Doo Pot Za Brdom 100 Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

Detection of visual anomalies refers to the problem of finding patterns in different imaging data that do not conform to the expected visual appearance and is a widely studied problem in different domains. Due to the nature of anomaly occurrences and underlying generating processes, it is hard to characterize them and obtain labeled data. Obtaining labeled data is especially difficult in biomedical applications, where only trained domain experts can provide labels, which often come in large diversity and complexity. Recently presented approaches for unsupervised detection of visual anomalies approaches omit the need for labeled data and demonstrate promising results in domains, where anomalous samples significantly deviate from the normal appearance. Despite promising results, the performance of such approaches still lags behind supervised approaches and does not provide a one-fits-all solution. In this work, we present an image-to-image translation-based framework that significantly surpasses the performance of existing unsupervised methods and approaches the performance of supervised methods in a challenging domain of cancerous region detection in histology imagery.

关键词： Visualization computer vision Image analysis Histopathology conferences Biomedical measurement pattern recognition

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Robust Combination of Distributed Gradients Under Adversarial Perturbations

Robust Combination of Distributed Gradients Under Adversaria...

引用

ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Kim, Kwang In UNIST Ulsan South Korea

ISBN: (数字)9781665469463

ISBN: (纸本)9781665469463

We consider distributed (gradient descent-based) learning scenarios where the server combines the gradients of learning objectives gathered from local clients. As individual data collection and learning environments can vary, some clients could transfer erroneous gradients e.g. due to adversarial data or gradient perturbations. Further, for data privacy and security, the identities of such affected clients are often unknown to the server. In such cases, naively aggregating the resulting gradients can mislead the learning process. We propose a new server-side learning algorithm that robustly combines gradients. Our algorithm embeds the local gradients into the manifold of normalized gradients and refines their combinations via simulating a diffusion process therein. The resulting algorithm is instantiated as a computationally simple and efficient weighted gradient averaging algorithm. In the experiments with five classification and three regression benchmark datasets, our algorithm demonstrated significant performance improvements over existing robust gradient combination algorithms as well as the baseline uniform gradient averaging algorithm.

关键词： Manifolds computer aided instruction Privacy Machine learning algorithms Distance learning Perturbation methods Benchmark testing

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Camera Calibration and Player Localization in SoccerNet-v2 and Investigation of their Representations for Action Spotting

Camera Calibration and Player Localization in SoccerNet-v2 a...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Cioppa, Anthony Deliege, Adrien Magera, Floriane Giancola, Silvio Barnich, Olivier Ghanem, Bernard Van Droogenbroeck, Marc Univ Liege Liege Belgium EVS Broadcast Equipment Seraing Belgium KAUST Thuwal Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665448994

Soccer broadcast video understanding has been drawing a lot of attention in recent years within data scientists and industrial companies. This is mainly due to the lucrative potential unlocked by effective deep learning techniques developed in the field of computer vision. In this work, we focus on the topic of camera calibration and on its current limitations for the scientific community. More precisely, we tackle the absence of a large-scale calibration dataset and of a public calibration network trained on such a dataset. Specifically, we distill a powerful commercial calibration tool in a recent neural network architecture on the large-scale SoccerNet dataset, composed of untrimmed broadcast videos of 500 soccer games. We further release our distilled network, and leverage it to provide 3 ways of representing the calibration results along with player localization. Finally, we exploit those representations within the current best architecture for the action spotting task of SoccerNet-v2, and achieve new state-of-the-art performances.

关键词： Location awareness Deep learning computer vision Games computer architecture Tools Cameras

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