logicprogramming has long being advocated for legal reasoning, and several approaches have been put forward relying upon explicit representation of the law in logicprogramming terms. In this position paper we focus ...
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logicprogramming has long being advocated for legal reasoning, and several approaches have been put forward relying upon explicit representation of the law in logicprogramming terms. In this position paper we focus on the PROLEG logic-programming-based framework for formalizing and reasoning with Japanese presupposed ultimate fact theory. Specifically, we examine challenges and opportunities in leveraging deep learning techniques for improving legal reasoning using PROLEG, identifying four distinct options ranging from enhancing fact extraction using deep learning to end-to-end solutions for reasoning with textual legal descriptions. We assess advantages and limitations of each option, considering their technical feasibility, interpretability, and alignment with the needs of legal practitioners and decision-makers. We believe that our analysis can serve as a guideline for developers aiming to build effective decision-support systems for the legal domain, while fostering a deeper understanding of challenges and potential advancements by neuro-symbolic approaches in legal applications. 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
This article presents the design and development of a dataflow programming language called DFC2 (DataFlow C, version 2) based on the dataflow programming model. The DFC2 compiler is responsible for converting the DFC2...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400708428
This article presents the design and development of a dataflow programming language called DFC2 (DataFlow C, version 2) based on the dataflow programming model. The DFC2 compiler is responsible for converting the DFC2 language into C++ language, which is then compiled into an executable file by the C++ compiler. DFC2 is designed to be user-friendly and easy to use by adhering to the traditional imperative programming language model. It also allows for the reuse of existing C language code to reduce development costs. DFC2 distinguishes between graph functions, which are automatically parallelized, and func functions, which are not, giving users greater control over the level of parallelism. Users can describe dataflow graphs at both the inter-function and intra-function levels. This article also implements an optimization framework for the DFC2 compiler and analyzes the optimization results. It demonstrates that with the introduction of conditional constant propagation and dead code elimination, it is possible to reduce execution time by up to 30% in the best-case scenario and an average of approximately 6%.
In this paper, we present a goal-directed proof procedure for ASP with abduction. Our proposed procedure in this paper is correct for any consistent abductive framework proposed in [Kakas90a]. In other words, if the p...
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In the current work we investigate the relationship between the classical distribution semantics and causal semantics for probabilistic logicprogramming. We first give an infinite family of programs yielding the same...
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The Dataflow for C++(DFCPP) designed and implemented in this paper is a parallel programming library for dataflow computing on a general control flow hardware platform. Compared with existing dataflow programming libr...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798400708428
The Dataflow for C++(DFCPP) designed and implemented in this paper is a parallel programming library for dataflow computing on a general control flow hardware platform. Compared with existing dataflow programming libraries, DFCPP has an easy-to-use user interface and richer expression ability and can express different kinds of dataflow tasks. DFCPP designs a memory manager and task scheduler for the NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) architecture and has filled the gap of existing dataflow runtime libraries in this field. The memory manager can allocate memory space on specific NUMA nodes according to the needs of tasks. As for the task scheduler, on the one hand, it places jobs at the location of their input data based on the idea, "The data is where it is;Move a thread to the data it needs most." On the other hand, the task scheduler uses an improved task-stealing algorithm to steal the most suitable task. Combined with the memory manager and task scheduler, DFCPP can decrease the times of remote NUMA node access, thereby improving execution efficiency.
Hybrid probabilistic logic programs extends probabilistic logic programs by adding the possibility to manage continuous random variables. Despite the maturity of the field, a semantics that unifies discrete and contin...
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In this paper, we introduce the notion of an explanation graph for any model of a logic program. For each true atom in the model, the graph contains a proof that uses program rules represented by rule labels. A model ...
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In this paper, we introduce the notion of an explanation graph for any model of a logic program. For each true atom in the model, the graph contains a proof that uses program rules represented by rule labels. A model may have zero, one or several explanation graphs: when it has at least one, it is called a justified model. We prove that all stable models are justified whereas, in general, the opposite does not hold, at least for disjunctive programs. With the purpose of just keeping the information that is considered to be salient, we discuss several operations on explanation graphs. These include the removal of incoming or outgoing edges of a node, but also what we define as node forgetting, that is, removing a node while keeping the connectivity of the rest of the graph. Then, we explain how these theoretical concepts constitute the foundation of xclingo 2.0, a tool for explainable Answer Set programming (ASP) that uses, in its turn, an ASP encoding to generate explanations. The tool translates the original program into a meta-program that constitutes the core of xclingo 2.0. We explain this encoding and prove its soundness and completeness with respect to explanation graphs. Through a practical example, we illustrate the general use of the tool and its input language based on annotations. Finally, we show how critical these annotations can be for designing meaningful, summarised, natural language explanations. 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Design patterns (DPs) facilitate effective software architecture and design and must be maintained and enforced in existing complex software products, for example, automotive software. Implementing DPs in source code ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350366266;9798350366259
Design patterns (DPs) facilitate effective software architecture and design and must be maintained and enforced in existing complex software products, for example, automotive software. Implementing DPs in source code facilitates the development of high-quality software products with less effort. However, recognizing DPs in program code is challenging, and this makes it difficult to keep architectural evolution under control in large software products over time. As DPs are abstract solutions, the programs used to recognize them in source code have significant limitations. In this paper, we employ four programming language models based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to study to which extent these models can recognize an exemplar DP, in this case, Singleton. We compare four language representation models - OpenAI CodeX, Facebook AI TransCoder, ACoRA/BERT, and CCFlex/bag-of-words, and compare the models' rankings to a simple base metric. We found a discrepancy between models in identifying Singletons and found that the models are inconsistently sensitive to name and semantic changes. Specifically, CodeX recognizes the existence of Singletons better than other models, while only ACoRA shows some signs of recognizing DP semantics.
The paper studies defeasible reasoning in rule-based systems, in particular about legal norms and contracts. We identify rule modifiers that specify how rules interact and how they can be overridden. We then define ru...
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