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international Symposium on Artificial Intelligence (ISAI)

作者： Purnell, Kevin Schwitter, Rolf Macquarie Univ Sch Comp Sydney NSW Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783031361890;9783031361906

We present a novel approach to gaining a machine understanding of a legal document and then modelling the logic of that document in an integrated process. This paper describes a smart editor that uses a declarative language to represent both the ontology and logic models of a legal document. A document is incrementally elaborated in a fixed sequence of steps beginning with an ontology discovery step that identifies the explicit and implicit artefacts and applicable constraints. This information is used to generate code representations paired with words and icons which provide the foundation required for modelling the legal logic. The pairing with words and icons achieves a formal correspondence that allows logic modelling via either a textual or a graphical means. Similarly, this mechanism also supports both verbal and visual user feedback, enhancing user understanding. The tree of rules produced during this process is embedded in the original legal document, which can then be used as a smart contract on a modified blockchain. The integrated use of a declarative language auto-generated from a smart user interface for modelling both the ontology and the logic of a legal document, provides a simplicity and agility that enables domain experts to create and test custom smart contracts.

关键词： Answer Set programming Declarative Language Legal logic logic Modelling Ontology Smart Contract Verbalisation Visualisation

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s(CASP) for SWI-prolog

s(CASP) for SWI-prolog

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2021 international conference on logic programming workshops, iclp workshops 2021

作者： Wielemaker, Jan Arias, Joaquín Gupta, Gopal SWI-Prolog Solutions b.v. Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1105 Amsterdam1081 HV Netherlands Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Calle Tulipán s/n MóstolesMadrid28933 Spain University of Texas at Dallas Dallas United States

s(CASP) is related to ASP. Unlike ASP, which is traditionally solved using grounding and a SAT solver, s(CASP) is solved using top-down goal directed search without grounding. This allows s(CASP) to solve problems that cannot be grounded, while the generated proof tree is a good basis for giving a justification for the answer. s(CASP) supports both negation as failure (NAF) and classical negation. These features make s(CASP) particularly suitable for commonsense reasoning tasks that require a justification of the answer. Currently, scasp is an executable generated using Ciao. We ported s(CASP) to SWI-Prolog. The primary aim of this is to provide s(CASP) as a library that allows for embedding and managing multiple s(CASP) programs from multiple threads. Here, ‘Managing’ means being able to construct and modify an s(CASP) program dynamically and dynamically run queries against s(CASP) programs. © 2021 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.

关键词： logic programming

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Here and There with Arithmetic

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THEORY AND PRACTICE OF logic programming 2021年第6期21卷 735-767页

作者： Lifschitz, Vladimir Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

In the theory of answer set programming, two groups of rules are called strongly equivalent if, informally speaking, they have the same meaning in any context. The relationship between strong equivalence and the propositional logic of here-and-there allows us to establish strong equivalence by deriving rules of each group from rules of the other. In the process, rules are rewritten as propositional formulas. We extend this method of proving strong equivalence to an answer set programming language that includes operations on integers. The formula representing a rule in this language is a first-order formula that may contain comparison symbols among its predicate constants, and symbols for arithmetic operations among its function constants. The paper is under consideration for acceptance in TPLP.

关键词： answer set programming stable models strong equivalence

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Exploring Automatic Specification Repair in Dafny Programs 38

Exploring Automatic Specification Repair in Dafny Programs

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38th IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

作者： Abreu, Alexandre Macedo, Nuno Mendes, Alexandra Univ Porto Fac Engn Dept Informat Engn Porto Portugal INESC TEC Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330328

Formal verification has become increasingly crucial in ensuring the accurate and secure functioning of modern software systems. Given a specification of the desired behaviour, i.e. a contract, a program is considered to be correct when all possible executions guarantee the specification. Should the software fail to behave as expected, then a bug is present. Most existing research assumes that the bug is present in the implementation, but it is also often the case that the specified expectations are incorrect, meaning that it is the specification that must be repaired. Research and tools for providing alternative specifications that fix details missing during contract definition, considering that the implementation is correct, are scarce. This paper presents a preliminary tool, focused on Dafny programs, for automatic specification repair in contract programming. Given a Dafny program that fails to verify, the tool suggests corrections that repair the specification. Our approach is inspired by a technique previously proposed for another contract programming language and relies on Daikon for dynamic invariant inference. Although the tool is focused on Dafny, it makes use of specification repair techniques that are generally applicable to programming languages that support contracts. Such a tool can be valuable in various scenarios, such as when programmers have a reference implementation and need to analyse their contract options, or in educational contexts, where it can provide students with hints to correct their contracts. The results of the evaluation show that the approach is feasible in Dafny and that the overall process has reasonable performance but that there are stages of the process that need further improvements.

关键词： contract programming automatic program repair contract repair Dafny

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An Automated Approach to Assist Teachers in Recommending Groups of Students Associated with Collaborative Learning Techniques Using Learning Paths in Virtual Learning Environments 1

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24th international conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Martins Ramos, Ilmara Monteverde Ramos, David Brito Gadelha, Bruno Freitas Teixeira de Oliveira, Elaine Harada Fed Univ Amazonas UFAM Inst Comp Manaus Amazonas Brazil Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Amazonas IFAM Campus Parintins Parintins AM Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9783031363368

ISBN: (纸本)9783031363351;9783031363368

This paper presents a doctoral research proposal for an Automated approach to assist teachers in recommending groups of students associated with Collaborative Learning Techniques using Learning Paths inVirtual Learning Environments. The main objective is to create and validate an automated approach to assist professors in recommending groups of students associated with collaborative learning techniques in introductory courses on programming in Virtual Learning Environments. In particular, the approach will be based on student interaction actions with a VLE called CodeBench, in blended classes, through Learning Paths in graph format, suggestions of students clusters resulting from the groups formation, techniques of collaborative learning, with the carrying out of case studies, in basic and higher education classes in teaching programming carried out in Brazil at the Federal University of Amazonas and the Federal Institute of Amazonas. The doctorate began in March 2021, therefore, it will have 28 months of development until the date of the AIED 2023, with completion expected in March 2025.

关键词： Formation Groups Collaborative Learning Techniques programming Teaching

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A normative model of explanation for binary classification legal AI and its implementation on causal explanations of Answer Set programming 38

A normative model of explanation for binary classification l...

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38th international conference on logic programming workshops, iclp workshops 2022

作者： Iatrou, Evan Science Park 107 Amsterdam1098 XG Netherlands

In this paper, I provide a normative model of explanation for the output of AI algorithms used in legal practice. I focus on binary classification algorithms due to their extensive use in the field. In the last part of the paper, I examine the model’s compatibility with causal explanations provided by Answer Set programming (ASP) causal models. The motivation for proposing this model is the necessity for providing explanations for the output of legal AI. From the multiplicity of arguments supporting that necessity, the proposed model addresses the argument that legal AI’s output should be objectionable. That can be achieved only if the explanation of the output has a form that makes it amenable to evaluation by legal practitioners. Hence, I firstly provide a normative model for the explanations used by legal practitioners in their practice (CLMLP) and then I provide the normative model for the explanations of legal AI’s outputs (EXPBC) that I base on CLPLP. CLPLP in its turn is based on the Classical Model of Science (CMS) which is the normative model of explanations that every "proper" science should follow according to philosophers throughout history. Following the introduction of EXPBC, I propose three degrees of explainability regarding binary classification explanations according to their fidelity to EXPBC. I further argue that machine learning can not satisfy even the lowest degree of explainability, while rule-based AI - like ASP-based AI - can satisfy the highest degree. Concluding, I propose an ASP methodology in-progress that can use EXPBC to provide causal explanations. In the proposed ASP methodology, I am using causal graphs as models of causal inference as well as a metaphysically neutral interventionist account of causation. CMSLP and EXPBC are normative models that are based on the derivation relation of subsumptive-deductive inference among norms and propositions. On the other hand, the proposed ASP methodology is based on causal - and hence non-sub

关键词： Motivation

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Quantum Services: A Tutorial on the Technology and the Process

Quantum Services: A Tutorial on the Technology and the Proce...

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21st international conference on Service-Oriented Computing (ICSOC)

作者： Romero-Alvarez, Javier Alvarado-Valiente, Jaime Moguel, Enrique Garcia-Alonso, Jose Murillo, Juan M. Univ Extremadura Quercus Software Engn Grp Caceres Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9789819709885;9789819709892

The emergence of quantum computing has introduced a new paradigm in the realm of computer science and software engineering, expanding the frontiers of computer applications designed for problem-solving. The transformation of quantum algorithms into services is a promising avenue to address this new paradigm, as it allows them to be integrated into conventional distributed applications. This tutorial provides an overview of the process of transforming quantum algorithms into quantum services. It explains how these quantum services can be effectively deployed, specifically using the Amazon Braket platform for quantum computing, and how they can be invoked through classical service endpoints. This tutorial not only presents the step-by-step methodology but also provides insight into best practices for successful implementation through a development process. It highlights the use of an extended version of the OpenAPI Specification and the automation capabilities offered by GitHub Actions, which play a key role in improving efficiency throughout the development and deployment phases.

关键词： Quantum Computing Service-Oriented Computing Quantum programming OpenAPI Continuous Deployment

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Cygnus - World First Multihybrid Accelerated Cluster with GPU and FPGA Coupling 51

Cygnus - World First Multihybrid Accelerated Cluster with GP...

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51st international conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP)

作者： Boku, Taisuke Fujita, Norihisa Kobayashi, Ryohei Tatebe, Osamu Univ Tsukuba Ctr Computat Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394451

In this paper, we describe the concept, system architecture, supporting system software, and applications on our world-first supercomputer with multihybrid accelerators using GPU and FPGA coupling, named Cygnus, which runs at Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba. A special group of 32 nodes is configured as a multihybrid accelerated computing system named Albireo part although Cygnus is constructed with over 80 computation nodes as a GPU-accelerated PC cluster. Each node of the Albireo part is equipped with four NVIDIA V100 GPU cards and two Intel Stratix10 FPGA cards in addition to two sockets of Intel Xeon Gold CPU where all nodes are connected by four lanes of InfiniBand HDR100 interconnection HCA in the full bisection bandwidth of NVIDIA HDR200 switches. Beside this ordinary interconnection network, all FPGA cards in Albireo part are connected by a special 2-Dimensional Torus network with direct optical links on each FPGA for constructing a very high throughput and low latency of FPGA-centric interconnection network. To the best of our knowledge, Cygnus is theworld's first productionlevel PC cluster to realize multihybrid acceleration with the GPU and FPGA combination. Unlike other GPU-accelerated clusters, users can program parallel codes where each process exploits both or either of the GPU and/or FPGA devices based on the characteristics of their applications. We developed various supporting system software such as inter-FPGA network routing system, DMA engine for GPU-FPGA direct communication managed by FPGA, and multihybrid accelerated programming framework because the programming method of such a complicated system has not been standardized. Further, we developed the first real application on Cygnus for fundamental astrophysics simulation to fully utilize GPU and FPGA together for very efficient acceleration. We describe the overall concept and construction of the Cygnus cluster with a brief introduction of the several underlying hardwa

关键词： GPU FPGA accelerator PC cluster hybrid system programming computational science multi-physics

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Extracting Decision Dependencies and Decision logic from Text Using Deep Learning Techniques 5th

Extracting Decision Dependencies and Decision Logic from Tex...

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international conference on Business Process Management (BPM)

作者： Goossens, Alexandre Claessens, Michelle Parthoens, Charlotte Vanthienen, Jan Katholieke Univ Leuven Leuven Inst Res Informat Syst LIRIS Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9783030943431;9783030943424

Decision models are increasingly being used in modeling business processes. Hence, extracting decision models automatically from texts would help decision modellers by reducing modeling time and supporting them in their analysis. In this paper, deep learning techniques are investigated to extract decision dependencies and conditional clauses directly from text. By using a large dataset of labeled and tagged sentences and NLP, deep learning techniques (BERT and BI-LSTM-CRF) are trained and tested on the identification of these items. The results show that the performance is sufficiently high to extract decision dependency and logic (semi)-automatically from text which provides a big step towards automatic decision modelling.

关键词： Deep learning Decision Model and Notation (DMN) Decision model extraction

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A logic Program Transformation for Strongly Persistent Forgetting (Extended Abstract) 37

A Logic Program Transformation for Strongly Persistent Forge...

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37th international conference on logic programming (iclp)

作者： Aguado, Felicidad Cabalar, Pedro Fandinno, Jorge Perez, Gilberto Vidal, Concepcion Univ A Coruna La Coruna Spain Univ Nebraska Omaha NE USA

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