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Pixels, Regions, and Objects: Multiple Enhancement for Salient Object Detection

Pixels, Regions, and Objects: Multiple Enhancement for Salie...

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conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yi Wang Ruili Wang Xin Fan Tianzhu Wang Xiangjian He DUT-RU International School of Information Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology China School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences Massey University New Zealand School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China

Salient object detection (SOD) aims to mimic the human visual system (HVS) and cognition mechanisms to identify and segment salient objects. However, due to the complexity of these mechanisms, current methods are not perfect. Accuracy and robustness need to be further improved, particularly in complex scenes with multiple objects and background clutter. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach called Multiple Enhancement Network (MENet) that adopts the boundary sensibility, content integrity, iterative refinement, and frequency decomposition mechanisms of HVS. A multi-level hybrid loss is firstly designed to guide the network to learn pixel-level, region-level, and object-level features. A flexible multiscale feature enhancement module (ME-Module) is then designed to gradually aggregate and refine global or detailed features by changing the size order of the input feature sequence. An iterative training strategy is used to enhance boundary features and adaptive features in the dual-branch decoder of MENet. Comprehensive evaluations on six challenging benchmark datasets show that MENet achieves state-of-the-art results. Both the codes and results are publicly available at https://***/yiwangtz/MENet.

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M²SGD: Learning to Learn ImportantWeights

M<SUP>2</SUP>SGD: Learning to Learn ImportantWeights

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Kuo, Nicholas I-Hsien Harandi, Mehrtash Fourrier, Nicolas Walder, Christian Ferraro, Gabriela Suominen, Hanna Australian Natl Univ RSCS Canberra ACT Australia Monash Univ ECSE Clayton Vic Australia CSIRO Data61 Canberra ACT Australia Vole Univ Leonard de Vinci Paris France Univ Turku Dept Future Technol Turku Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193601

Meta-learning concerns rapid knowledge acquisition. One popular approach cast optimisation as a learning problem and it has been shown that learnt neural optimisers updated base learners more quickly than their hand-crafted counterparts. In this paper, we learn an optimisation rule that sparsely updates the learner parameters and removes redundant weights. We present Masked Meta-SGD (M2SGD), a neural optimiser which is not only capable of updating learners quickly, but also capable of removing 83.71% weights for ResNet20s. We release our codes at https://***/Nic5472K/CLvision2020_CVPR_M2SGD.

关键词： computer vision

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Rethinking the Learning Paradigm for Dynamic Facial Expression recognition

Rethinking the Learning Paradigm for Dynamic Facial Expressi...

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conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Hanyang Wang Bo Li Shuang Wu Siyuan Shen Feng Liu Shouhong Ding Aimin Zhou Shanghai Institute of AI for Education East China Normal University School of Computer Science and Technology East China Normal University Youtu Lab Tencent Shanghai International School of Chief Technology Officer East China Normal University

Dynamic Facial Expression recognition (DFER) is a rapidly developing field that focuses on recognizing facial expressions in video format. Previous research has considered non-target frames as noisy frames, but we propose that it should be treated as a weakly supervised problem. We also identify the imbalance of short- and long-term temporal relationships in DFER. Therefore, we introduce the Multi-3D Dynamic Facial Expression Learning (M3DFEL) framework, which utilizes Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) to handle inexact labels. M3DFEL generates 3D-instances to model the strong short-term temporal relationship and utilizes 3DCNNs for feature extraction. The Dynamic Long-term Instance Aggregation Module (DLIAM) is then utilized to learn the long-term temporal relationships and dynamically aggregate the instances. Our experiments on DFEW and FERV39K datasets show that M3DFEL outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches with a vanilla R3D18 backbone. The source code is available at https://***/faceeyes/M3DFEL.

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Improving In-field Cassava Whitefly Pest Surveillance with Machine Learning

Improving In-field Cassava Whitefly Pest Surveillance with M...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Tusubira, Jeremy Francis Nsumba, Solomon Ninsiima, Flavia Akera, Benjamin Acellam, Guy Nakatumba, Joyce Mwebaze, Ernest Quinn, John Oyana, Tonny Makerere Univ Artificial Intelligence Lab Kampala Uganda Google Res Mountain View CA USA Makerere Univ Geospatial Data & Computat Intelligence Lab Kampala Uganda

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193601

Whiteflies are the major vector responsible for the transmission of cassava related diseases in tropical environments, and knowing the numbers of whiteflies is key in detecting and identifying their spread and prevention. However, the current approach for counting whiteflies is a simple visual inspection, where a cassava leaf is turned upside down to reveal the underside where the whiteflies reside to enable a manual count. Repeated across many cassava farms, this task is quite tedious and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically count whiteflies using computer vision techniques. To implement this approach, we collected images of infested cassava leaves and trained a computer vision detector using Haar Cascade and Deep Learning techniques. The two techniques were used to identify the pest in images and return a count. Our results show that this novel method produces a white-fly count with high precision. This method could be applied to similar object detection scenarios similar to the whitefly problem with minor adjustments.

关键词： computer vision

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Optimal Transport Minimization: Crowd Localization on Density Maps for Semi-Supervised Counting

Optimal Transport Minimization: Crowd Localization on Densit...

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conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wei Lin Antoni B. Chan Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong

The accuracy of crowd counting in images has improved greatly in recent years due to the development of deep neural networks for predicting crowd density maps. However, most methods do not further explore the ability to localize people in the density map, with those few works adopting simple methods, like finding the local peaks in the density map. In this paper, we propose the optimal transport minimization (OT-M) algorithm for crowd localization with density maps. The objective of OT-M is to find a target point map that has the minimal Sinkhorn distance with the input density map, and we propose an iterative algorithm to compute the solution. We then apply OT-M to generate hard pseudo-labels (point maps) for semi-supervised counting, rather than the soft pseudo-labels (density maps) used in previous methods. Our hard pseudo-labels provide stronger supervision, and also enable the use of recent density-to-point loss functions for training. We also propose a confidence weighting strategy to give higher weight to the more reliable unlabeled data. Extensive experiments show that our methods achieve outstanding performance on both crowd localization and semi-supervised counting. Code is available at https://***/Elin24/OT-M.

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Sparsifiner: Learning Sparse Instance-Dependent Attention for Efficient vision Transformers

Sparsifiner: Learning Sparse Instance-Dependent Attention fo...

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conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Cong Wei Brendan Duke Ruowei Jiang Parham Aarabi Graham W. Taylor Florian Shkurti University of Toronto Modiface Inc. University of Guelph Vector Institute

vision Transformers (ViT) have shown competitive advantages in terms of performance compared to convolutional neural networks (CNNs), though they often come with high computational costs. To this end, previous methods explore different attention patterns by limiting a fixed number of spatially nearby tokens to accelerate the ViT's multi-head self-attention (MHSA) operations. However, such structured attention patterns limit the token-to-token connections to their spatial relevance, which disregards learned semantic connections from a full attention mask. In this work, we propose an approach to learn instance-dependent attention patterns, by devising a lightweight connectivity predictor module that estimates the connectivity score of each pair of tokens. Intuitively, two tokens have high connectivity scores if the features are considered relevant either spatially or semantically. As each token only attends to a small number of other tokens, the binarized connectivity masks are often very sparse by nature and therefore provide the opportunity to reduce network FLOPs via sparse computations. Equipped with the learned unstructured attention pattern, sparse attention ViT (Sparsifiner) produces a superior Pareto frontier between FLOPs and top-1 accuracy on ImageNet compared to token sparsity. Our method reduces 48% ~ 69% FLOPs of MHSA while the accuracy drop is within 0.4%. We also show that combining attention and token sparsity reduces ViT FLOPs by over 60%.

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Multi-Modal Relational Graph for Cross-Modal Video Moment Retrieval

Multi-Modal Relational Graph for Cross-Modal Video Moment Re...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zeng, Yawen Cao, Da Wei, Xiaochi Liu, Meng Zhao, Zhou Qin, Zheng Hunan Univ Changsha Hunan Peoples R China Baidu Inc Beijing Peoples R China Shandong Jianzhu Univ Jinan Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665445092

Given an untrimmed video and a query sentence, cross-modal video moment retrieval aims to rank a video moment from pre-segmented video moment candidates that best matches the query sentence. Pioneering work typically learns the representations of the textual and visual content separately and then obtains the interactions or alignments between different modalities. However, the task of cross-modal video moment retrieval is not yet thoroughly addressed as it needs to further identify the fine-grained differences of video moment candidates with high repeatability and similarity. Moveover, the relation among objects in both video and sentence is intuitive and efficient for understanding semantics but is rarely considered. Toward this end, we contribute a multi-modal relational graph to capture the interactions among objects from the visual and textual content to identify the differences among similar video moment candidates. Specifically, we first introduce a visual relational graph and a textual relational graph to form relation-aware representations via message propagation. Thereafter, a multi-task pre-training is designed to capture domain-specific knowledge about objects and relations, enhancing the structured visual representation after explicitly defined relation. Finally, the graph matching and boundary regression are employed to perform the cross-modal retrieval. We conduct extensive experiments on two datasets about daily activities and cooking activities, demonstrating significant improvements over state-of-the-art solutions.

关键词： Visualization computer vision Semantics pattern recognition Object recognition Task analysis

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Dynamic Graph Learning with Content-guided Spatial-Frequency Relation Reasoning for Deepfake Detection

Dynamic Graph Learning with Content-guided Spatial-Frequency...

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conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yuan Wang Kun Yu Chen Chen Xiyuan Hu Silong Peng Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Alibaba Group University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Beijing Visystem Co.Ltd

With the springing up of face synthesis techniques, it is prominent in need to develop powerful face forgery detection methods due to security concerns. Some existing methods attempt to employ auxiliary frequency-aware information combined with CNN backbones to discover the forged clues. Due to the inadequate information interaction with image content, the extracted frequency features are thus spatially irrelavant, struggling to generalize well on increasingly realistic counterfeit types. To address this issue, we propose a Spatial-Frequency Dynamic Graph method to exploit the relation-aware features in spatial and frequency domains via dynamic graph learning. To this end, we introduce three well-designed components: 1) Content-guided Adaptive Frequency Extraction module to mine the content-adaptive forged frequency clues. 2) Multiple Domains Attention Map Learning module to enrich the spatial-frequency contextual features with multiscale attention maps. 3) Dynamic Graph Spatial-Frequency Feature Fusion Network to explore the high-order relation of spatial and frequency features. Extensive experiments on several benchmark show that our proposed method sustainedly exceeds the state-of-the-arts by a considerable margin.

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RIT-18: A Novel Dataset for Compositional Group Activity Understanding

RIT-18: A Novel Dataset for Compositional Group Activity Und...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Chen, Junwen Hao, Haiting Hong, Hanbin Kong, Yu Rochester Inst Technol Golisano Coll Comp & Informat Sci Rochester NY 14623 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728193601

Group activity understanding is a challenging task as multiple people are involved, and their relations may vary over time. Currently, the literature of group activity is limited to group activity recognition, because videos are trimmed in very short duration and focus on a single activity. This slows down the progress in the group activity domain. In this paper, we propose a new large-scale untrimmed compositional group activity dataset RIT-18 based on the volleyball games captured from YouTube. Each clip in our dataset depicts an entire rally which spans the duration from serve to a point being scored. Comprehensive annotations including group activity labels, temporal boundaries of activities, key persons, and winning teams are provided. We describe group activity recognition, future activity anticipation, and rally-level winner prediction challenges, and evaluate several baseline methods over these challenges. We report their performance on our dataset and demonstrate further efforts need to be made. The dataset is available at https://***/actionlab/rit-18.

关键词： computer vision

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MELTR: Meta Loss Transformer for Learning to Fine-tune Video Foundation Models

MELTR: Meta Loss Transformer for Learning to Fine-tune Video...

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conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Dohwan Ko Joonmyung Choi Hyeong Kyu Choi Kyoung-Woon On Byungseok Roh Hyunwoo J. Kim Department of Computer Science and Engineering Korea University Kakao Brain

Foundation models have shown outstanding performance and generalization capabilities across domains. Since most studies on foundation models mainly focus on the pretraining phase, a naive strategy to minimize a single task-specific loss is adopted for fine-tuning. However, such fine-tuning methods do not fully leverage other losses that are potentially beneficial for the target task. Therefore, we propose MEta Loss TRansformer (MELTR), a plug-in module that automatically and non-linearly combines various loss functions to aid learning the target task via auxiliary learning. We formulate the auxiliary learning as a bi-level optimization problem and present an efficient optimization algorithm based on Approximate Implicit Differentiation (AID). For evaluation, we apply our framework to various video foundation models (UniVL, Violet and All-in-one), and show significant performance gain on all four downstream tasks: text-to-video retrieval, video question answering, video captioning, and multimodal sentiment analysis. Our qualitative analyses demonstrate that MELTR adequately 'transforms' individual loss functions and 'melts' them into an effective unified loss. Code is available at https://***/mlvlab/MELTR.

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