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Potential Risk Localization via Weak Labeling out of Blind Spot

Potential Risk Localization via Weak Labeling out of Blind S...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Shimomura, Kota Hirakawa, Tsubasa Yamashita, Takayoshi Fujiyoshi, Hironobu Chubu Univ Kasugai Aichi Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Achieving fully autonomous driving requires not only understanding the current surrounding conditions but also predicting how objects that could lead to potential risks may change in the future. Predicting potential risk regions, especially where pedestrians or vehicles might suddenly appear, is crucial for safe autonomous driving and accident avoidance. Constructing datasets annotated with potential risk regions is costly. Therefore, conventional methods have proposed blind spot estimation using depth maps or segmentation masks through automatic labeling. However, these methods are limited in applicability due to their reliance on camera parameters or point clouds. In this study, we propose a method to automatically generate labels from depth maps and segmentation masks and estimate potential risk regions in 2D. Our automatic labeling algorithm relies solely on images, making it applicable to all onboard camera datasets. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we define regions where pedestrians or vehicles might emerge from blind spots as potential risk regions and annotate them to create a new dataset extended with potential risk region annotations. Experiments using the Cityscapes Dataset show that weakly training with labels generated by our proposed method achieves equal or superior accuracy compared with supervised training with manually annotated ground truth (GT). Furthermore, experiments using the Mapillary Vistas Dataset and BDD100K Dataset demonstrate the versatility of our approach.

关键词： Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems Autonomous Driving computer vision Deep Learning

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Bootstrapping Chest CT Image Understanding by Distilling Knowledge from X-ray Expert Models

Bootstrapping Chest CT Image Understanding by Distilling Kno...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Cao, Weiwei Zhang, Jianpeng Xia, Yingda Mok, Tony C. W. Li, Zi Ye, Xianghua Lu, Le Zheng, Jian Tang, Yuxing Zhang, Ling Alibaba Grp DAMO Acad Hangzhou Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Suzhou Inst Biomed Engn & Technol Beijing Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Coll Med Hangzhou Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Coll Comp Sci & Technol Hangzhou Peoples R China Hupan Lab Hangzhou 310023 Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Radiologists highly desire fully automated versatile AI for medical imaging interpretation. However, the lack of extensively annotated large-scale multi-disease datasets has hindered the achievement of this goal. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of leveraging language as a naturally high-quality supervision for chest CT imaging. In light of the limited availability of image-report pairs, we bootstrap the understanding of 3D chest CT images by distilling chest-related diagnostic knowledge from an extensively pre-trained 2D X-ray expert model. Specifically, we propose a language-guided retrieval method to match each 3D CT image with its semantically closest 2D X-ray image, and perform pair-wise and semantic relation knowledge distillation. Subsequently, we use contrastive learning to align images and reports within the same patient while distinguishing them from the other patients. However, the challenge arises when patients have similar semantic diagnoses, such as healthy patients, potentially confusing if treated as negatives. We introduce a robust contrastive learning that identifies and corrects these false negatives. We train our model with over 12K pairs of chest CT images and radiology reports. Extensive experiments across multiple scenarios, including zero-shot learning, report generation, and fine-tuning processes, demonstrate the model's feasibility in interpreting chest CT images.

关键词： Medical vision language pre-training Report generation

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ELSA: Exploiting Layer-wise N:M Sparsity for vision Transformer Acceleration

ELSA: Exploiting Layer-wise N:M Sparsity for Vision Transfor...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Huang, Ning-Chi Chang, Chi-Chih Lin, Wei-Cheng Taka, Endri Marculescu, Diana Wu, Kai-Chiang Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ Hsinchu Taiwan Univ Texas Austin Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

N:M sparsity is an emerging model compression method supported by more and more accelerators to speed up sparse matrix multiplication in deep neural networks. Most existing N:M sparsity methods compress neural networks with a uniform setting for all layers in a network or heuristically determine the layer-wise configuration by considering the number of parameters in each layer. However, very few methods have been designed for obtaining a layer-wise customized N:M sparse configuration for vision transformers (ViTs), which usually consist of transformer blocks involving the same number of parameters. In this work, to address the challenge of selecting suitable sparse configuration for ViTs on N:M sparsity-supporting accelerators, we propose ELSA, Exploiting Layer-wise N:M Sparsity for ViTs. Considering not only all N:M sparsity levels supported by a given accelerator but also the expected throughput improvement, our methodology can reap the benefits of accelerators supporting mixed sparsity by trading off negligible accuracy loss with both memory usage and inference time reduction for ViT models. For instance, our approach achieves a noteworthy 2.9x reduction in FLOPs to both Swin-B and DeiT-B with only a marginal degradation of accuracy on ImageNet. Our code is publicly available at https://***/ningchihuang/ ELSA.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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MADTP: Multimodal Alignment-Guided Dynamic Token Pruning for Accelerating vision-Language Transformer

MADTP: Multimodal Alignment-Guided Dynamic Token Pruning for...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Cao, Jianjian Ye, Peng Li, Shengze Yu, Chong Tang, Yansong Lu, Jiwen Chen, Tao Fudan Univ Sch Informat Sci & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China Fudan Univ Acad Engn & Technol Shanghai Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Shenzhen Int Grad Sch Beijing Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Automat Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

vision-Language Transformers (VLTs) have shown great success recently, but are meanwhile accompanied by heavy computation costs, where a major reason can be attributed to the large number of visual and language tokens. Existing token pruning research for compressing VLTs mainly follows a single-modality-based scheme yet ignores the critical role of aligning different modalities for guiding the token pruning process, causing the important tokens for one modality to be falsely pruned in another modality branch. Meanwhile, existing VLT pruning works also lack the flexibility to dynamically compress each layer based on different input samples. To this end, we propose a novel framework named Multimodal Alignment-Guided Dynamic Token Pruning (MADTP) for accelerating various VLTs. Specifically, we first introduce a well-designed Multi-modality Alignment Guidance (MAG) module that can align features of the same semantic concept from different modalities, to ensure the pruned tokens are less important for all modalities. We further design a novel Dynamic Token Pruning (DTP) module, which can adaptively adjust the token compression ratio in each layer based on different input instances. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate that MADTP significantly reduces the computational complexity of kinds of multimodal models while preserving competitive performance. Notably, when applied to the BLIP model in the NLVR2 dataset, MADTP can reduce the GFLOPs by 80% with less than 4% performance degradation. The code is available at https://***/double125/MADTP.

关键词： Model Compress Token Pruning

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Scaling Graph Convolutions for Mobile vision

Scaling Graph Convolutions for Mobile Vision

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Avery, William Munir, Mustafa Marculescu, Radu Univ Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

To compete with existing mobile architectures, MobileViG introduces Sparse vision Graph Attention (SVGA), a fast token-mixing operator based on the principles of GNNs. However, MobileViG scales poorly with model size, falling at most 1% behind models with similar latency. This paper introduces Mobile Graph Convolution (MGC), a new vision graph neural network (ViG) module that solves this scaling problem. Our proposed mobile vision architecture, Mobile-ViGv2, uses MGC to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. MGC improves on SVGA by increasing graph sparsity and introducing conditional positional encodings to the graph operation. Our smallest model, MobileViGv2-Ti, achieves a 77.7% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K, 2% higher than MobileViG-Ti, with 0.9 ms inference latency on the iPhone 13 Mini NPU. Our largest model, MobileViGv2-B, achieves an 83.4% top-1 accuracy, 0.8% higher than MobileViG-B, with 2.7 ms inference latency. Besides image classification, we show that MobileViGv2 generalizes well to other tasks. For object detection and instance segmentation on MS COCO 2017, MobileViGv2-M outperforms MobileViG-M by 1.2 AP(box) and 0.7 AP(mask), and MobileViGv2-B outperforms MobileViG-B by 1.0 AP(box) and 0.7 APmask. For semantic segmentation on ADE20K, MobileViGv2-M achieves 42.9% mIoU and MobileViGv2-B achieves 44.3% mIoU (1).

关键词： computer vision Deep Learning Edge AI Graph Neural Networks

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Pseudo-label based unsupervised fine-tuning of a monocular 3D pose estimation model for sports motions

Pseudo-label based unsupervised fine-tuning of a monocular 3...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Suzuki, Tomohiro Tanaka, Ryota Takeda, Kazuya Fujii, Keisuke Nagoya Univ Nagoya Aichi Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Accurate motion capture is useful for sports motion analysis, but requires higher acquisition costs. Monocular or few camera multi-view pose estimation provides an accessible but less accurate alternative, especially for sports motion, due to training on datasets of daily activities. In addition, multi-view estimation is still costly due to camera calibration. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an accurate and cost-effective motion capture system for the daily training in sports. In this paper, we propose an accurate and convenient sports motion capture system based on unsupervised fine-tuning. The proposed system estimates 3D joint positions by multi-view estimation based on automatic calibration with the human body. These results are used as pseudo-labels for fine-tuning of the recent higher performance monocular 3D pose estimation model. Since the fine-tuning improves the model accuracy for sports motion, we can choose multi-view or monocular estimation depending on the situation. We evaluated the system using a running motion dataset and ASPset-510, and showed that fine-tuning improved the performance of monocular estimation to the same level as that of multi-view estimation for running motion. Our proposed system can be useful for the daily motion analysis in sports.

关键词： computer vision Pose estimation Running Sports

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Towards Scalable 3D Anomaly Detection and Localization: A Benchmark via 3D Anomaly Synthesis and A Self-Supervised Learning Network

Towards Scalable 3D Anomaly Detection and Localization: A Be...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Li, Wenqiao Xu, Xiaohao Gu, Yao Zheng, Bozhong Gao, Shenghua Wu, Yingna ShanghaiTech Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Univ Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Recently, 3D anomaly detection, a crucial problem involving fine-grained geometry discrimination, is getting more attention. However, the lack of abundant real 3D anomaly data limits the scalability of current models. To enable scalable anomaly data collection, we propose a 3D anomaly synthesis pipeline to adapt existing large-scale 3D models for 3D anomaly detection. Specifically, we construct a synthetic dataset, i.e., Anomaly-ShapeNet, based on ShapeNet. Anomaly-ShapeNet consists of 1600 point cloud samples under 40 categories, which provides a rich and varied collection of data, enabling efficient training and enhancing adaptability to industrial scenarios. Meanwhile, to enable scalable representation learning for 3D anomaly localization, we propose a self-supervised method, i.e., Iterative Mask Reconstruction Network (IMRNet). During training, we propose a geometry-aware sample module to preserve potentially anomalous local regions during point cloud down-sampling. Then, we randomly mask out point patches and sent the visible patches to a transformer for reconstruction-based self-supervision. During testing, the point cloud repeatedly goes through the Mask Reconstruction Network, with each iteration's output becoming the next input. By merging and contrasting the final reconstructed point cloud with the initial input, our method successfully locates anomalies. Experiments show that IMRNet outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods, achieving 66.1% in I-AUC on our Anomaly-ShapeNet dataset and 72.5% in I-AUC on Real3D-AD dataset. Our benchmark will be released at https://***/Chopper-233/Anomaly-ShapeNet.

关键词： Anomaly Detection 3D vision Self-Supervised

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QAttn: Efficient GPU Kernels for mixed-precision vision Transformers

QAttn: Efficient GPU Kernels for mixed-precision Vision Tran...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Kluska, Piotr Castello, Adrian Scheidegger, Florian Malossi, A. Cristiano I. Quintana-Orti, Enrique S. IBM Res Europe Ruschlikon Switzerland Univ Politecn Valencia Valencia Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

vision Transformers have demonstrated outstanding performance in computer vision tasks. Nevertheless, this superior performance for large models comes at the expense of increasing memory usage for storing the parameters and intermediate activations. To accelerate model inference, in this work we develop and evaluate integer and mixed-precision kernels in Triton for the efficient execution of two fundamental building blocks of transformers -linear layer and attention- on graphics processing units (GPUs). On an NVIDIA A100 GPU, our kernel implementations of vision Transformers achieve a throughput speedup of up to 7x compared with reference kernels in PyTorch floating-point single precision (FP32). Additionally, the accuracy for the ViT Large model top-1 drops by less than one percent on the ImageNet1K classification task. We also observe up to 6x increased throughput by applying our kernels to the Segment Anything Model image encoder while keeping the mIOU close to the FP32 reference on the COCO2017 dataset for static and dynamic quantization. Furthermore, our kernels demonstrate improved speed to the TensorRT INT8 linear layer, and we improve the throughput of base FP16 (half precision) Triton attention on average by up to 19 +/- 4.01%. We have open-sourced the QAtnn framework, which is tightly integrated with the PyTorch quantization workflow https://***/IBM/qattn.

关键词： compression instance segmentation object classification quantization vision transformers

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LASO: Language-guided Affordance Segmentation on 3D Object

LASO: Language-guided Affordance Segmentation on 3D Object

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Li, Yicong Zhao, Na Xiao, Junbin Feng, Chun Wang, Xiang Chua, Tat-seng Natl Univ Singapore Singapore Singapore Singapore Univ Technol & Design Singapore Singapore Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei Anhui Peoples R China Hefei Comprehens Natl Sci Ctr Inst Artificial Intelligence Inst Dataspace Hefei Anhui Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Segmenting affordance in 3D data is key for bridging perception and action in robots. Existing efforts mostly focus on the visual side and overlook the affordance knowledge from a semantic aspect. This oversight not only limits their generalization to unseen objects, but more importantly, hinders their synergy with large language models (LLMs) which are excellent task planners that can decompose an overarching command into agent-actionable instructions. With this regard, we propose a novel task, Language-guided Affordance Segmentation on 3D Object (LASO), which challenges a model to segment a 3D object's part relevant to a given affordance question. To facilitate the task, we contribute a dataset comprising 19,751 point-question pairs, covering 8434 object shapes and 870 expert-crafted questions. As a pioneer solution, we further propose PointRefer, which highlights an adaptive fusion module to identify target affordance regions at different scales. To ensure a text-aware segmentation, we adopt a set of affordance queries conditioned on linguistic cues to generate dynamic kernels. These kernels are further used to convolute with point features and generate a segmentation mask. Comprehensive experiments and analyses validate PointRefer's effectiveness. With these efforts, We hope that LASO can steer the direction of 3D affordance, guiding it towards enhanced integration with the evolving capabilities of LLMs. Code and data are available at https://***/yl3800/LASO.

关键词： 3D-Language Multimodal vision-Language

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Exploring the Zero-Shot Capabilities of vision-Language Models for Improving Gaze Following

Exploring the Zero-Shot Capabilities of Vision-Language Mode...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (cvpr)

作者： Gupta, Anshul Vuillecard, Pierre Farkhondeh, Arya Odobez, Jean-Marc Idiap Res Inst Martigny Switzerland Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365474

Contextual cues related to a person's pose and interactions with objects and other people in the scene can provide valuable information for gaze following. While existing methods have focused on dedicated cue extraction methods, in this work we investigate the zero-shot capabilities of vision-Language Models (VLMs) for extracting a wide array of contextual cues to improve gaze following performance. We first evaluate various VLMs, prompting strategies, and in-context learning (ICL) techniques for zero-shot cue recognition performance. We then use these insights to extract contextual cues for gaze following, and investigate their impact when incorporated into a state of the art model for the task. Our analysis indicates that BLIP-2 is the overall top performing VLM and that ICL can improve performance. We also observe that VLMs are sensitive to the choice of the text prompt although ensembling over multiple text prompts can provide more robust performance. Additionally, we discover that using the entire image along with an ellipse drawn around the target person is the most effective strategy for visual prompting. For gaze following, incorporating the extracted cues results in better generalization performance, especially when considering a larger set of cues, highlighting the potential of this approach.

关键词： Gaze Following vision-Language Zero-Shot Evaluation

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