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Masked Autoencoders for Microscopy are Scalable Learners of Cellular Biology

Masked Autoencoders for Microscopy are Scalable Learners of ...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Krauss, Oren Kenyon-Dean, Kian Saberian, Saber Fallah, Maryam McLean, Peter Leung, Jess Sharma, Vasudev Khan, Ayla Balakrishnan, Jia Celik, Safiye Beaini, Dominique Sypetkowski, Maciej Cheng, Chi Vicky Morsel, Kristen Makes, Maureen Mabey, Ben Earnshaw, Berton Recurs Salt Lake City UT 84101 USA Valence Labs Rajpura India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Featurizing microscopy images for use in biological research remains a significant challenge, especially for large-scale experiments spanning millions of images. This work explores the scaling properties of weakly supervised classifiers and self-supervised masked autoencoders (MAEs) when training with increasingly larger model backbones and microscopy datasets. Our results show that ViT-based MAEs outperform weakly supervised classifiers on a variety of tasks, achieving as much as a 11.5% relative improvement when recalling known biological relationships curated from public databases. Additionally, we develop a new channel-agnostic MAE architecture (CA-MAE) that allows for inputting images of different numbers and orders of channels at inference time. We demonstrate that CA-MAEs effectively generalize by inferring and evaluating on a microscopy image dataset (JUMP-CP) generated under different experimental conditions with a different channel structure than our pretraining data (RPI-93M). Our findings motivate continued research into scaling self-supervised learning on microscopy data in order to create powerful foundation models of cellular biology that have the potential to catalyze advancements in drug discovery and beyond. Relevant code and select models released with this work can be found at: https://***/recursionpharma/maes_microscopy.

关键词： cell biology cell morphology microscopy self-supervised learning SSL vision transformer ViT

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Improved Zero-Shot Classification by Adapting VLMs with Text Descriptions

Improved Zero-Shot Classification by Adapting VLMs with Text...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Saha, Oindrila Van Horn, Grant Maji, Subhransu Univ Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

The zero-shot performance of existing vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP [29] is limited by the availability of large-scale, aligned image and text datasets in specific domains. In this work, we leverage two complementary sources of information-descriptions of categories generated by large language models (LLMs) and abundant, fine- grained image classification datasets-to improve the zero-shot classification performance of VLMs across finegrained domains. On the technical side, we develop methods to train VLMs with this "bag-level" image-text supervision. We find that simply using these attributes at test-time does not improve performance, but our training strategy, for example, on the iNaturalist [41] dataset, leads to an average improvement of 4-5% in zero-shot classification accuracy for novel categories of birds [42] and flowers [23]. Similar improvements are observed in domains where a subset of the categories was used to fine-tune the model. By prompting LLMs in various ways, we generate descriptions that capture visual appearance, habitat, and geographic regions and pair them with existing attributes such as the taxonomic structure of the categories. We systematically evaluate their ability to improve zero-shot cat-egorization in natural domains. Our findings suggest that geographic priors can be just as effective and are complementary to visual appearance. Our method also outperforms prior work on prompt-based tuning of VLMs. We release the benchmark, consisting of 14 datasets at https: //***/cvl-umass/AdaptCLIPZS, which will contribute to future research in zero-shot recognition.

关键词： Fine-grained Classification Large Language Model Multimodal Model vision Language Model Zero Shot Learning

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EfficientSAM: Leveraged Masked Image Pretraining for Efficient Segment Anything

EfficientSAM: Leveraged Masked Image Pretraining for Efficie...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Xiong, Yunyang Varadarajan, Bala Wu, Lemeng Xiang, Xiaoyu Xiao, Fanyi Zhu, Chenchen Dai, Xiaoliang Wang, Dilin Sun, Fei Iandola, Forrest Krishnamoorthi, Raghuraman Chandra, Vikas Meta AI Res Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Segment Anything Model (SAM) has emerged as a powerful tool for numerous vision applications. A key component that drives the impressive performance for zero-shot transfer and high versatility is a super large Transformer model trained on the extensive high-quality SA-1B dataset. While beneficial, the huge computation cost of SAM model has limited its applications to wider real-world applications. To address this limitation, we propose EfficientSAMs, lightweight SAM models that exhibits decent performance with largely reduced complexity. Our idea is based on leveraging masked image pretraining, SAMI, which learns to reconstruct features from SAM image encoder for effective visual representation learning. Further, we take SAMI-pretrained light-weight image encoders and mask decoder to build EfficientSAMs, and finetune the models on SA-1B for segment anything task. We perform evaluations on multiple vision tasks including image classification, object detection, instance segmentation, and semantic segmentation, and find that our proposed pretraining method, SAMI, consistently outperforms other masked image pretraining methods. On segment anything task such as zero-shot instance segmentation, our EfficientSAMs with SAMI-pretrained lightweight image encoders perform favorably with a significant gain (e.g., similar to 4 AP on COCO/LVIS) over other fast SAM models. Our EfficientSAM code and models are available at here.

关键词： EfficientSAM Masked Image Pretraining SAMI Segment Anything vision Transformer

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DRESS: Instructing Large vision-Language Models to Align and Interact with Humans via Natural Language Feedback

DRESS: Instructing Large Vision-Language Models to Align and...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Chen, Yangyi Sikka, Karan Cogswell, Michael Ji, Heng Divakaran, Ajay SRI Int Menlo Pk CA 94025 USA Univ Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

We present DRESS, a large vision language model (LVLM) that innovatively exploits Natural Language feedback (NLF) from Large Language Models to enhance its alignment and interactions by addressing two key limitations in the state-of-the-art LVLMs. First, prior LVLMs generally rely only on the instruction finetuning stage to enhance alignment with human preferences. Without incorporating extra feedback, they are still prone to generate unhelpful, hallucinated, or harmful responses. Second, while the visual instruction tuning data is generally structured in a multi-turn dialogue format, the connections and dependencies among consecutive conversational turns are weak. This reduces the capacity for effective multi-turn interactions. To tackle these, we propose a novel categorization of the NLF into two key types: critique and refinement. The critique NLF identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the responses and is used to align the LVLMs with human preferences. The refinement NLF offers concrete suggestions for improvement and is adopted to improve the interaction ability of the LVLMs- which focuses on LVLMs' ability to refine responses by incorporating feedback in multi-turn interactions. To address the non-differentiable nature of NLF, we generalize conditional reinforcement learning for training. Our experimental results demonstrate that DRESS can generate more helpful (9.76%), honest (11.52%), and harmless (21.03%) responses, and more effectively learn from feedback during multi-turn interactions compared to SOTA LVLMs.

关键词： Alignment Interaction Large vision Language Models Natural Language Feedback

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VCoder: Versatile vision Encoders for Multimodal Large Language Models

VCoder: Versatile Vision Encoders for Multimodal Large Langu...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Jain, Jitesh Yang, Jianwei Shi, Humphrey Georgia Tech SHI Labs Atlanta GA 30332 USA Microsoft Res Redmond WA USA Picsart AI Res PAIR Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Humans possess the remarkable skill of Visual Perception, the ability to see and understand the seen, helping them make sense of the visual world and, in turn, reason. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) have recently achieved impressive performance on vision-language tasks ranging from visual question-answering and image captioning to visual reasoning and image generation. However, when prompted to identify or count (perceive) the entities in a given image, existing MLLM systems fail. Working towards developing an accurate MLLM system for perception and reasoning, we propose using Versatile vision enCoders (VCoder) as perception eyes for Multimodal LLMs. We feed the VCoder with perception modalities such as segmentation or depth maps, improving the MLLM's perception abilities. Secondly, we leverage the images from COCO and outputs from off-the-shelf vision perception models to create our COCO Segmentation Text (COST) dataset for training and evaluating MLLMs on the object perception task. Thirdly, we introduce metrics to assess the object perception abilities in MLLMs on our COST dataset. Lastly, we provide extensive experimental evidence proving the VCoder's improved object-level perception skills over existing Multimodal LLMs, including GPT-4V. We open-source our dataset, code, and models to promote research.

关键词： Visual languages

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Absolute Pose from One or Two Scaled and Oriented Features

Absolute Pose from One or Two Scaled and Oriented Features

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Ventura, Jonathan Kukelova, Zuzana Sattler, Torsten Barath, Daniel Cal Poly Dept Comp Sci & Software Engn San Luis Obispo CA USA Czech Tech Univ Visual Recognit Grp Fac Elect Engn Prague Czech Republic Czech Tech Univ Czech Inst Informat Robot & Cybernet Prague Czech Republic Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Comp Sci Comp Vision & Geometry Grp Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Keypoints used for image matching often include an estimate of the feature scale and orientation. While recent work has demonstrated the advantages of using feature scales and orientations for relative pose estimation, relatively little work has considered their use for absolute pose estimation. We introduce minimal solutions for absolute pose from two oriented feature correspondences in the general case, or one scaled and oriented correspondence given a known vertical direction. Nowadays, assuming a known direction is not particularly restrictive as modern consumer devices, such as smartphones or drones, are equipped with Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) that provide the gravity direction by default. Compared to traditional absolute pose methods requiring three point correspondences, our solvers need a smaller minimal sample, reducing the cost and complexity of robust estimation. Evaluations on large-scale and public real datasets demonstrate the advantage of our methods for fast and accurate localization in challenging conditions. Code is available at https: //***/danini/absolute-pose-from-orientedand-scaled-features.

关键词： absolute pose computer vision geometric vision image-based localization minimal solver

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Gated Fields: Learning Scene Reconstruction from Gated Videos

Gated Fields: Learning Scene Reconstruction from Gated Video...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Ramazzina, Andrea Walz, Stefanie Dahal, Pragyan Bijelic, Mario Heide, Felix Mercedes Benz Stuttgart Germany Saarland Univ Saarbrucken Germany Politecn Milan Milan Italy Torc Robot Blacksburg VA USA Princeton Univ Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Reconstructing outdoor 3D scenes from temporal observations is a challenge that recent work on neural fields has offered a new avenue for. However, existing methods that recover scene properties, such as geometry, appearance, or radiance, solely from RGB captures often fail when handling poorly-lit or texture-deficient regions. Similarly, recovering scenes with scanning LiDAR sensors is also difficult due to their low angular sampling rate which makes recovering expansive real-world scenes difficult. Tackling these gaps, we introduce Gated Fields - a neural scene reconstruction method that utilizes active gated video sequences. To this end, we propose a neural rendering approach that seamlessly incorporates time-gated capture and illumination. Our method exploits the intrinsic depth cues in the gated videos, achieving precise and dense geometry reconstruction irrespective of ambient illumination conditions. We validate the method across day and night scenarios and find that Gated Fields compares favorably to RGB and LiDAR reconstruction methods. Our code and datasets are available here(1).

关键词： 3D vision Gated Camera Neural Radiance Fields Neural Rendering

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Prompting vision Foundation Models for Pathology Image Analysis

Prompting Vision Foundation Models for Pathology Image Analy...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Yin, Chong Liu, Siqi Zhou, Kaiyang Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun Yuen, Pong C. Hong Kong Baptist Univ Dept Comp Sci Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Shenzhen Res Inst Big Data Shenzhen Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Med & Therapeut Hong Kong Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

The rapid increase in cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in recent years has raised significant public concern. Accurately identifying tissue alteration regions is crucial for the diagnosis of NAFLD, but this task presents challenges in pathology image analysis, particularly with small-scale datasets. Recently, the paradigm shift from full fine-tuning to prompting in adapting vision foundation models has offered a new perspective for small-scale data analysis. However, existing prompting methods based on task-agnostic prompts are mainly developed for generic image recognition, which fall short in providing instructive cues for complex pathology images. In this paper, we propose Quantitative Attribute-based Prompting (QAP), a novel prompting method specifically for liver pathology image analysis. QAP is based on two quantitative attributes, namely K-function-based spatial attributes and histogram-based morphological attributes, which are aimed for quantitative assessment of tissue states. Moreover, a conditional prompt generator is designed to turn these instance-specific attributes into visual prompts. Extensive experiments on three diverse tasks demonstrate that our task-specific prompting method achieves better diagnostic performance as well as better interpretability. Code is available at https://***/7LFB/QAP.

关键词： pathology image analysis Prompt quantitative attributes

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Alpha-CLIP: A CLIP Model Focusing on Wherever You Want

Alpha-CLIP: A CLIP Model Focusing on Wherever You Want

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Sun, Zeyi Fang, Ye Wu, Tong Zhang, Pan Zang, Yuhang Kong, Shu Xiong, Yuanjun Lin, Dahua Wang, Jiaqi Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Fudan Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Shanghai AI Lab Shanghai Peoples R China Univ Macau Taipa Macao Peoples R China MThreads Inc Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) plays an essential role in extracting valuable content information from images across diverse tasks. It aligns textual and visual modalities to comprehend the entire image, including all the details, even those irrelevant to specific tasks. However, for a finer understanding and controlled editing of images, it becomes crucial to focus on specific regions of interest, which can be indicated as points, masks, or boxes by humans or perception models. To fulfill the requirements, we introduce Alpha-CLIP, an enhanced version of CLIP with an auxiliary alpha channel to suggest attentive regions and fine-tuned with constructed millions of RGBA region-text pairs. Alpha-CLIP not only preserves the visual recognition ability of CLIP but also enables precise control over the emphasis of image contents. It demonstrates effectiveness in various tasks, including but not limited to open-world recognition, multimodal large language models, and conditional 2D / 3D generation. It has a strong potential to serve as a versatile tool for image-related tasks. Our project is with codes and models available is linked to https://***/alpha-clip/.

关键词： CLIP MLLMs vision-language pretraining

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GPS-Gaussian: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-time Human Novel View Synthesis

GPS-Gaussian: Generalizable Pixel-wise 3D Gaussian Splatting...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zheng, Shunyuan Zhou, Boyao Shao, Ruizhi Liu, Boning Zhang, Shengping Nie, Liqiang Liu, Yebin Harbin Inst Technol Harbin Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Beijing Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab Shenzhen Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353006

We present a new approach, termed GPS-Gaussian, for synthesizing novel views of a character in a real-time manner. The proposed method enables 2K-resolution rendering under a sparse-view camera setting. Unlike the original Gaussian Splatting or neural implicit rendering methods that necessitate per-subject optimizations, we introduce Gaussian parameter maps defined on the source views and regress directly Gaussian Splatting properties for instant novel view synthesis without any fine-tuning or optimization. To this end, we train our Gaussian parameter regression module on a large amount of human scan data, jointly with a depth estimation module to lift 2D parameter maps to 3D space. The proposed framework is fully differentiable and experiments on several datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods while achieving an exceeding rendering speed. The code is available at https://***/aipixel/GPS-Gaussian.

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics)

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