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Contrastive Learning-based Robust Object Detection under Smoky Conditions

Contrastive Learning-based Robust Object Detection under Smo...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wu, Wei Chang, Hao Zheng, Yonghua Li, Zhu Chen, Zhiwen Zhang, Ziheng Xidian Univ State Key Lab Integrated Serv Networks Xian Peoples R China Univ Missouri Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn Kansas City MO 64110 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Object detection is to effectively find out interested targets in images and then accurately determine their categories and positions. Recently many excellent methods have been developed to provide powerful detection capability. However, their performance may degrade significantly under severe weather such as smoky conditions. In this paper, we propose a contrastive learning-based robust object detection algorithm for smoke images. The proposed object detector consists of two modules: contrastive learning module and object bounding box prediction module. The first module learns representation vectors by maximizing agreement between different augmented views of the same smoke image. These representations are then sent to the second module to yield the bounding box for each object. In addition, we also propose a novel affine data augmentation method. Extensive experiments have been conducted on A2I2-Haze dataset which is the first real haze dataset with in-situ smoke measurement aligned to aerial and ground imagery. This dataset is also the only dataset used in the 5th UG(2)+ challenges of CVPR 2022 for both training and testing. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, evaluation results show the superiority of our proposed object detector.

关键词： Training computer vision conferences Object detection Detectors Transforms Prediction algorithms

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Real-time Hyper-Dimensional Reconfiguration at the Edge using Hardware Accelerators

Real-time Hyper-Dimensional Reconfiguration at the Edge usin...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Kandaswamy, Indhumathi Farkya, Saurabh Daniels, Zachary van der Wal, Gooitzen Raghavan, Aswin Zhang, Yuzheng Hu, Jun Lomnitz, Michael Isnardi, Michael Zhang, David Piacentino, Michael SRI Int Ctr Vis Technol Princeton NJ 08540 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

In this paper we present Hyper-Dimensional Reconfigurable Analytics at the Tactical Edge (HyDRATE) using low-SWaP embedded hardware that can perform real-time reconfiguration at the edge leveraging non-MAC (free of floating-point Multiply-ACcumulate operations) deep neural nets (DNN) combined with hyperdimensional (HD) computing accelerators. We describe the algorithm, trained quantized model generation, and simulated performance of a feature extractor free of multiply-accumulates feeding a hyperdimensional logic-based classifier. Then we show how performance increases with the number of hyperdimensions. We describe the realized low-SWaP FPGA hardware and embedded software system compared to traditional DNNs and detail the implemented hardware accelerators. We discuss the measured system latency and power, noise robustness due to use of learnable quantization and HD computing, actual versus simulated system performance for a video activity classification task and demonstration of reconfiguration on this same dataset. We show that reconfigurability in the field is achieved by retraining only the feed-forward HD classifier without gradient descent backpropagation (gradient-free), using few-shot learning of new classes at the edge. Initial work performed used LRCN DNN and is currently extended to use Two-stream DNN with improved performance.

关键词： Quantization (signal) Power measurement System performance Software algorithms Feature extraction Real-time systems pattern recognition

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3DRRDB: Super Resolution of Multiple Remote Sensing Images using 3D Residual in Residual Dense Blocks

3DRRDB: Super Resolution of Multiple Remote Sensing Images u...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Ramzy Ibrahim, Mohamed Benavente, Robert Lumbreras, Felipe Ponsa, Daniel Arab Acad Sci & Technol Comp Engn Dept Alexandria Egypt Univ Autonoma Barcelona Dept Comp Sci Barcelona Spain Comp Vis Ctr Campus UAB Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

The rapid advancement of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks helped in solving many remote sensing problems, especially the problems of super-resolution. However, most state-of-the-art methods focus more on Single Image Super-Resolution neglecting Multi-Image Super-Resolution. In this work, a new proposed 3D Residual in Residual Dense Blocks model (3DRRDB) focuses on remote sensing Multi-Image Super-Resolution for two different single spectral bands. The proposed 3DRRDB model explores the idea of 3D convolution layers in deeply connected Dense Blocks and the effect of local and global residual connections with residual scaling in Multi-Image Super-Resolution. The model tested on the Proba-V challenge dataset shows a significant improvement above the current state-of-the-art models scoring a Corrected Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (cPSNR) of 48.79 dB and 50.83 dB for Near Infrared (NIR) and RED Bands respectively. Moreover, the proposed 3DRRDB model scores a Corrected Structural Similarity Index Measure (cSSIM) of 0.9865 and 0.9909 for NIR and RED bands respectively.

关键词： Training Solid modeling Three-dimensional displays PSNR Convolution Superresolution pattern recognition

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GLaMa: Joint Spatial and Frequency Loss for General Image Inpainting

GLaMa: Joint Spatial and Frequency Loss for General Image In...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Lu, Zeyu Jiang, Junjun Huang, Junqin Wu, Gang Liu, Xianming Harbin Inst Technol Harbin Peoples R China Beihang Univ Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

The purpose of image inpainting is to recover scratches and damaged areas using context information from remaining parts. In recent years, thanks to the resurgence of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), image inpainting task has made great breakthroughs. However, most of the work consider insufficient types of mask, and their performance will drop dramatically when encountering unseen masks. To combat these challenges, we propose a simple yet general method to solve this problem based on the LaMa image inpainting framework [35], dubbed GLaMa. Our proposed GLaMa can better capture different types of missing information by using more types of masks. By incorporating more degraded images in the training phase, we can expect to enhance the robustness of the model with respect to various masks. In order to yield more reasonable results, we further introduce a frequency-based loss in addition to the traditional spatial reconstruction loss and adversarial loss. In particular, we introduce an effective reconstruction loss both in the spatial and frequency domain to reduce the chessboard effect and ripples in the reconstructed image. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method can boost the performance over the original LaMa method for each type of mask on FFHQ [18], ImageNet [7], Places2 [42] and WikiArt [28] dataset. The proposed GLaMa was ranked first in terms of PSNR, LPIPS [39] and SSIM [34] in the NTIRE 2022 Image Inpainting Challenge Track 1 Unsupervised [27].

关键词： Training computer vision Frequency-domain analysis conferences computer architecture Robustness pattern recognition

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Fast and Memory-Efficient Network Towards Efficient Image Super-Resolution

Fast and Memory-Efficient Network Towards Efficient Image Su...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Du, Zongcai Liu, Ding Liu, Jie Tang, Jie Wu, Gangshan Fu, Lean Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing Peoples R China ByteDance Inc Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Runtime and memory consumption are two important aspects for efficient image super-resolution (EISR) models to be deployed on resource-constrained devices. Recent advances in EISR [16, 32] exploit distillation and aggregation strategies with plenty of channel split and concatenation operations to fully use limited hierarchical features. In contrast, sequential network operations avoid frequently accessing preceding states and extra nodes, and thus are beneficial to reducing the memory consumption and runtime overhead. Following this idea, we design our lightweight network backbone by mainly stacking multiple highly optimized convolution and activation layers and decreasing the usage of feature fusion. We propose a novel sequential attention branch, where every pixel is assigned an important factor according to local and global contexts, to enhance high-frequency details. In addition, we tailor the residual block for EISR and propose an enhanced residual block (ERB) to further accelerate the network inference. Finally, combining all the above techniques, we construct a fast and memory-efficient network (FMEN) and its small version FMEN-S, which runs 33% faster and reduces 74% memory consumption compared with the state-of-the-art EISR model: E-RFDN, the champion in [49]. Besides, FMEN-S achieves the lowest memory consumption and the second shortest runtime in NTIRE 2022 challenge on efficient super-resolution [28]. Code is available at https://***/NJU-Jet/FMEN.

关键词： computer vision Runtime Codes Convolution conferences Memory management Superresolution

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Multiple Degradation and Reconstruction Network for Single Image Denoising via Knowledge Distillation

Multiple Degradation and Reconstruction Network for Single I...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Li, Juncheng Yang, Hanhui Yi, Qiaosi Fang, Faming Gao, Guangwei Zeng, Tieyong Zhang, Guixu Chinese Univ Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China East China Normal Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun Nanjing Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Single image denoising (SID) has achieved significant breakthroughs with the development of deep learning. However, the proposed methods are often accompanied by plenty of parameters, which greatly limits their application scenarios. Different from previous works that blindly increase the depth of the network, we explore the degradation mechanism of the noisy image and propose a lightweight Multiple Degradation and Reconstruction Network (MDRN) to progressively remove noise. Meanwhile, we propose two novel Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillation Strategies (HMDS) to enable MDRN to learn richer and more accurate features from heterogeneous models, which make it possible to reconstruct higher-quality denoised images under extreme conditions. Extensive experiments show that our MDRN achieves favorable performance against other SID models with fewer parameters. Meanwhile, plenty of ablation studies demonstrate that the introduced HMDS can improve the performance of tiny models or the model under high noise levels, which is extremely useful for related applications.

关键词： Degradation Knowledge engineering Computational modeling Resists pattern recognition Image restoration Noise measurement

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Towards Exemplar-Free Continual Learning in vision Transformers: an Account of Attention, Functional and Weight Regularization

Towards Exemplar-Free Continual Learning in Vision Transform...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Pelosin, Francesco Jha, Saurav Torsello, Andrea Raducanu, Bogdan van de Weijer, Joost Ca Foscari Univ Venice Italy Univ New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Comp Vis Ctr Barcelona Spain

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

In this paper, we investigate the continual learning of vision Transformers (ViT) for the challenging exemplar-free scenario, with special focus on how to efficiently distill the knowledge of its crucial self-attention mechanism (SAM). Our work takes an initial step towards a surgical investigation of SAM for designing coherent continual learning methods in ViTs. We first carry out an evaluation of established continual learning regularization techniques. We then examine the effect of regularization when applied to two key enablers of SAM: (a) the contextualized embedding layers, for their ability to capture well-scaled representations with respect to the values, and (b) the prescaled attention maps, for carrying value-independent global contextual information. We depict the perks of each distilling strategy on two image recognition benchmarks (CIFAR100 and ImageNet-32) - while (a) leads to a better overall accuracy, (b) helps enhance the rigidity by maintaining competitive performances. Furthermore, we identify the limitation imposed by the symmetric nature of regularization losses. To alleviate this, we propose an asymmetric variant and apply it to the pooled output distillation (POD) loss adapted for ViTs. Our experiments confirm that introducing asymmetry to POD boosts its plasticity while retaining stability across (a) and (b). Moreover, we acknowledge low forgetting measures for all the compared methods, indicating that ViTs might be naturally inclined continual learners.(1)

关键词： Learning systems Weight measurement Image recognition Surgery Benchmark testing Transformers Stability analysis

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ActAR: Actor-Driven Pose Embeddings for Video Action recognition

ActAR: Actor-Driven Pose Embeddings for Video Action Recogni...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Lamghari, Soufiane Bilodeau, Guillaume-Alexandre Saunier, Nicolas Polytech Montreal Dept Comp & Software Engn LITIV Lab Montreal PQ Canada Polytech Montreal Dept Civil Geol & Min Engn Montreal PQ Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Human action recognition (HAR) in videos is one of the core tasks of video understanding. Based on video sequences, the goal is to recognize actions performed by humans. While HAR has received much attention in the visible spectrum, action recognition in infrared videos is little studied. Accurate recognition of human actions in the infrared domain is a highly challenging task because of the redundant and indistinguishable texture features present in the sequence. Furthermore, in some cases, challenges arise from the irrelevant information induced by the presence of multiple active persons not contributing to the actual action of interest. Therefore, most existing methods consider a standard paradigm that does not take into account these challenges, which is in some part due to the ambiguous definition of the recognition task in some cases. In this paper, we propose a new method that simultaneously learns to recognize efficiently human actions in the infrared spectrum, while automatically identifying the key-actors performing the action without using any prior knowledge or explicit annotations. Our method is composed of three stages. In the first stage, optical flow-based key-actor identification is performed. Then for each key-actor, we estimate key-poses that will guide the frame selection process. A scale-invariant encoding process along with embedded pose filtering are performed in order to enhance the quality of action representations. Experimental results on InfAR dataset show that our proposed model achieves promising recognition performance and learns useful action representations.

关键词： Training Optical filters Filtering Annotations Computational modeling Video sequences pattern recognition

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Identity Preserving Loss for Learned Image Compression

Identity Preserving Loss for Learned Image Compression

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Xiao, Jiuhong Aggarwal, Lavisha Banerjee, Prithviraj Aggarwal, Manoj Medioni, Gerard NYU 550 1St Ave New York NY 10012 USA Amazon Seattle WA 98109 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Deep learning model inference on embedded devices is challenging due to the limited availability of computation resources. A popular alternative is to perform model inference on the cloud, which requires transmitting images from the embedded device to the cloud. Image compression techniques are commonly employed in such cloud-based architectures to reduce transmission latency over low bandwidth networks. This work proposes an end-to-end image compression framework that learns domain-specific features to achieve higher compression ratios than standard HEVC/JPEG compression techniques while maintaining accuracy on downstream tasks (e.g., recognition). Our framework does not require fine-tuning of the downstream task, which allows us to drop-in any off-the-shelf downstream task model without retraining. We choose faces as an application domain due to the ready availability of datasets and off-the-shelf recognition models as representative downstream tasks. We present a novel Identity Preserving Reconstruction (IPR) loss function which achieves Bits-Per-Pixel (BPP) values that are similar to 38% and similar to 42% of CRF-23 HEVC compression for LFW (low-resolution) and CelebA-HQ (high-resolution) datasets, respectively, while maintaining parity in recognition accuracy. The superior compression ratio is achieved as the model learns to retain the domain-specific features (e.g., facial features) while sacrificing details in the background. Furthermore, images reconstructed by our proposed compression model are robust to changes in downstream model architectures. We show at-par recognition performance on the LFW dataset with an unseen recognition model while retaining a lower BPP value of similar to 38% of CRF-23 HEVC compression.

关键词： Image coding Image recognition Face recognition Computational modeling Intellectual property computer architecture Robustness

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Transformer-based Multimodal Information Fusion for Facial Expression Analysis

Transformer-based Multimodal Information Fusion for Facial E...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Zhang, Wei Qiu, Feng Wang, Suzhen Zeng, Hao Zhang, Zhimeng An, Rudong Ma, Bowen Ding, Yu Netease Fuxi AI Lab Virtual Human Grp Beijing Peoples R China

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Human affective behavior analysis has received much attention in human-computer interaction (HCI). In this paper, we introduce our submission to the CVPR 2022 Competition on Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW). To fully exploit affective knowledge from multiple views, we utilize the multimodal features of spoken words, speech prosody, and facial expression, which are extracted from the video clips in the Aff-Wild2 dataset. Based on these features, we propose a unified transformer-based multimodal framework for Action Unit detection and also expression recognition. Specifically, the static vision feature is first encoded from the current frame image. At the same time, we clip its adjacent frames by a sliding window and extract three kinds of multimodal features from the sequence of images, audio, and text. Then, we introduce a transformer-based fusion module that integrates the static vision features and the dynamic multimodal features. The cross-attention module in the fusion module makes the output integrated features focus on the crucial parts that facilitate the downstream detection tasks. We also leverage some data balancing techniques, data augmentation techniques, and postprocessing methods to further improve the model performance. In the official test of ABAW3 Competition, our model ranks first in the EXPR and AU tracks. The extensive quantitative evaluations, as well as ablation studies on the Aff-Wild2 dataset, prove the effectiveness of our proposed method.

关键词： Human computer interaction Gold Face recognition conferences Feature extraction Transformers Data models

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