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Masked vision Transformers for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Masked Vision Transformers for Hyperspectral Image Classific...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Scheibenreif, Linus Mommert, Michael Borth, Damian University of St. Gallen Aiml Lab School of Computer Science Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Transformer architectures have become state-of-the-art models in computer vision and natural language processing. To a significant degree, their success can be attributed to self-supervised pre-training on large scale unlabeled datasets. This work investigates the use of self-supervised masked image reconstruction to advance transformer models for hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. To facilitate self-supervised pre-training, we build a large dataset of unlabeled hyperspectral observations from the EnMAP satellite and systematically investigate modifications of the vision transformer architecture to optimally leverage the characteristics of hyperspectral data. We find significant improvements in accuracy on different land cover classification tasks over both standard vision and sequence transformers using (i) blockwise patch embeddings, (ii) spatialspectral self-attention, (iii) spectral positional embeddings and (iv) masked self-supervised pre-training1. The resulting model outperforms standard transformer architectures by +5% accuracy on a labeled subset of our EnMAP data and by +15% on Houston2018 hyperspectral dataset, making it competitive with a strong 3D convolutional neural network baseline. In an ablation study on label-efficiency based on the Houston2018 dataset, self-supervised pre-training significantly improves transformer accuracy when little labeled training data is available. The self-supervised model outperforms randomly initialized transformers and the 3D convolutional neural network by +7-8% when only 0.1-10% of the training labels are available. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Embeddings

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Towards Automated Polyp Segmentation Using Weakly- and Semi-Supervised Learning and Deformable Transformers

Towards Automated Polyp Segmentation Using Weakly- and Semi-...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Ren, Guangyu Lazarou, Michalis Yuan, Jing Stathaki, Tania Imperial College London United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Polyp segmentation is a crucial step towards computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal cancer. However, most of the polyp segmentation methods require pixel-wise annotated datasets. Annotated datasets are tedious and time-consuming to produce, especially for physicians who must dedicate their time to their patients. To this end, we propose a novel weakly- and semi-supervised learning polyp segmentation framework that can be trained using only weakly annotated images along with unlabeled images making it very cost-efficient to use. More specifically our contributions are: 1) a novel weakly annotated polyp dataset, 2) a novel sparse foreground loss that suppresses false positives and improves weakly-supervised training, 3) a deformable transformer encoder neck for feature enhancement by fusing information across levels and flexible spatial *** experimental results demonstrate the merits of our ideas on five challenging datasets outperforming some state-of-the-art fully supervised models. Also, our framework can be utilized to fine-tune models trained on natural image segmentation datasets drastically improving their performance for polyp segmentation and impressively demonstrating superior performance to fully supervised fine-tuning. Code can be found in https://***/ic-qialanqian/WS-DefSegNet. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： computer aided diagnosis

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RB-Dust - A Reference-based Dataset for vision-based Dust Removal

RB-Dust - A Reference-based Dataset for Vision-based Dust Re...

引用

2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Buckel, Peter Oksanen, Timo Dietmueller, Thomas Ravensburg Germany Technical University of Munich Germany Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Dust in the agricultural landscape is a significant challenge and influences, for example, the environmental perception of autonomous agricultural machines. Image enhancement algorithms can be used to reduce dust. However, these require dusty and dust-free images of the same environment for validation. In fact, to date, there is no dataset that we are aware of that addresses this issue. Therefore, we present the agriscapes RB-Dust dataset, which is named after its purpose of reference-based dust removal. It is not possible to take pictures from the cabin during tillage, as this would cause shifts in the images. Because of this, we built a setup from which it is possible to take images from a stationary position close to the passing tractor. The test setup was based on a half-sided gate through which the tractor could drive. The field tests were carried out on a farm in Bavaria, Germany, during tillage. During the field tests, other parameters such as soil moisture and wind speed were controlled, as these significantly affect dust development. We validated our dataset with contrast enhancement and image dehazing algorithms and analyzed the generalizability from recordings from the moving tractor. Finally, we demonstrate the application of dust removal based on a high-level vision task, such as person classification. Our empirical study confirms the validity of RB-Dust for vision-based dust removal in agriculture. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Light Field Synthesis from a Monocular Image using Variable LDI

Light Field Synthesis from a Monocular Image using Variable ...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Bak, Junhyeong Kyu Park, In Inha University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Incheon22212 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

Recent advancements in learning-based novel view synthesis enable users to synthesize light field from a monocular image without special equipment. Moreover, the state-of-the-art techniques including multiplane image (MPI) show outstanding performance in synthesizing accurate light field from a monocular image. In this study, we propose a new variable layered depth image (VLDI) representation to generate precise light field synthesis results using only a few layers. Our method exploits LDI representation built on a new two-stream halfway fusion network and transformation process. This framework has an efficient structure that directly generates the region that does not require network prediction from inputs. As a result, the proposed method allows us to acquire high-quality light field easily and quickly. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the previous works quantitatively and qualitatively for diverse examples. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： computer vision

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Cali-NCE: Boosting Cross-modal Video Representation Learning with Calibrated Alignment

Cali-NCE: Boosting Cross-modal Video Representation Learning...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Zhao, Nanxuan Jiao, Jianbo Xie, Weidi Lin, Dahua University of Bath Department of Computer Science United Kingdom University of Birmingham School of Computer Science United Kingdom Shanghai Jiaotong University Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center China Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Information Engineering Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

With the large-scale video-text datasets being collected, learning general visual-textual representation has gained increasing attention. While recent methods are designed with the assumption that the alt-text description naturally conveys the meaning and context of the video in semantics (i.e. well aligned with each other), it is unlikely to be satisfied for the Internet data, which potentially harms the quality of the learned visual-textual representation. To address this challenge, we first revisit three mainstream approaches: correspondence modeling, contrastive learning and predictive coding, demonstrating that a simple co-training strategy with these methods leads to a clear improvement in performance. To further explore the complementary nature of different training strategies, we propose a simple yet effective joint training framework that factorizes the total objective into conditional ones, termed as Cali-NCE 1. Our method first estimates confidence scores for measuring the correspondence between video and text descriptions, and the scores are later used to calibrate the sample weightings during contrastive training. Through extensive experiments, we show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple downstream tasks: text-to-video retrieval, video action recognition, and video retrieval. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Semantics

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H-Net: Unsupervised Attention-based Stereo Depth Estimation Leveraging Epipolar Geometry

H-Net: Unsupervised Attention-based Stereo Depth Estimation ...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Huang, Baoru Zheng, Jian-Qing Giannarou, Stamatia Elson, Daniel S. Imperial Coll London Hamlyn Ctr Robot Surg London England Univ Oxford Kennedy Inst Rheumatol Oxford England Univ Oxford Big Data Inst Oxford England

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Depth estimation from a stereo image pair has become one of the most explored applications in computer vision, with most previous methods relying on fully supervised learning settings. However, due to the difficulty in acquiring accurate and scalable ground truth data, the training of fully supervised methods is challenging. As an alternative, self-supervised methods are becoming more popular to mitigate this challenge. In this paper, we introduce the H-Net, a deep-learning framework for unsupervised stereo depth estimation that leverages epipolar geometry to refine stereo matching. For the first time, a Siamese autoencoder architecture is used for depth estimation which allows mutual information between rectified stereo images to be extracted. To enforce the epipolar constraint, the mutual epipolar attention mechanism has been designed which gives more emphasis to correspondences of features that lie on the same epipolar line while learning mutual information between the input stereo pair. Stereo correspondences are further enhanced by incorporating semantic information to the proposed attention mechanism. More specifically, the optimal transport algorithm is used to suppress attention and eliminate outliers in areas not visible in both cameras. Extensive experiments on KITTI2015 and Cityscapes show that the proposed modules are able to improve the performance of the unsupervised stereo depth estimation methods while closing the gap with the fully supervised approaches.

关键词： Geometry Training computer vision Supervised learning Semantics Estimation computer architecture

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The 6th AI City Challenge

The 6th AI City Challenge

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Naphade, Milind Wang, Shuo Anastasiu, David C. Tang, Zheng Chang, Ming-Ching Yao, Yue Zheng, Liang Rahman, Mohammed Shaiqur Venkatachalapathy, Archana Sharma, Anuj Feng, Qi Ablavsky, Vitaly Sclaroff, Stan Chakraborty, Pranamesh Li, Alice Li, Shangru Chellappa, Rama NVIDIA Corp Santa Clara CA 95051 USA Santa Clara Univ Santa Clara CA 95053 USA SUNY Albany Albany NY 12222 USA Australian Natl Univ Canberra ACT Australia Indian Inst Technol Kanpur Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India Iowa State Univ Ames IA USA Boston Univ Boston MA 02215 USA Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Johns Hopkins Univ Baltimore MD 21218 USA

ISBN: (数字)9781665487399

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

The 6th edition of the AI City Challenge specifically focuses on problems in two domains where there is tremendous unlocked potential at the intersection of computer vision and artificial intelligence: Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS), and brick and mortar retail businesses. The four challenge tracks of the 2022 AI City Challenge received participation requests from 254 teams across 27 countries. Track 1 addressed city-scale multi-target multi-camera (MTMC) vehicle tracking. Track 2 addressed natural-language-based vehicle track retrieval. Track 3 was a brand new track for naturalistic driving analysis, where the data were captured by several cameras mounted inside the vehicle focusing on driver safety, and the task was to classify driver actions. Track 4 was another new track aiming to achieve retail store automated checkout using only a single view camera. We released two leader boards for submissions based on different methods, including a public leader board for the contest, where no use of external data is allowed, and a general leader board for all submitted results. The top performance of participating teams established strong baselines and even outperformed the state-of-the-art in the proposed challenge tracks.

关键词： computer vision Mortar Urban areas Focusing Cameras Safety pattern recognition

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LSDIR: A Large Scale Dataset for Image Restoration

LSDIR: A Large Scale Dataset for Image Restoration

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Li, Yawei Zhang, Kai Liang, Jingyun Cao, Jiezhang Liu, Ce Gong, Rui Zhang, Yulun Tang, Hao Liu, Yun Demandolx, Denis Ranjan, Rakesh Timofte, Radu Van Gool, Luc Computer Vision Lab Eth Zürich Switzerland Meta Reality Labs United States University of Würzburg Germany Ku Leuven Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

The aim of this paper is to propose a large scale dataset for image restoration (LSDIR). Recent work in image restoration has been focused on the design of deep neural networks. The datasets used to train these networks 'only' contain some thousands of images, which is still incomparable with the large scale datasets for other vision tasks such as visual recognition and object detection. The small training set limits the performance of image restoration networks. To solve this problem, we collect high-resolution (HR) images from Flickr for image restoration. To ensure the pixel-level quality of the collected dataset, annotators were invited to manually inspect each of the collected image and remove the low-quality ones. The final dataset contains 84,991 high-quality training images, 1,000 validation images, and 1,000 test images. In addition, we showed that the model capacity of large networks could be fully exploited by training on the large scale dataset with significantly increased patch size and prolonged training iterations. The experimental results on image super-resolution (SR), denoising, JPEG deblocking, deblurring, and demosaicking, and real-world SR show that image restoration networks benefit a lot from the large scale dataset. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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HiMODE: A Hybrid Monocular Omnidirectional Depth Estimation Model

HiMODE: A Hybrid Monocular Omnidirectional Depth Estimation ...

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ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

作者： Junayed, Masum Shah Sadeghzadeh, Arezoo Islam, Md Baharul Wong, Lai-Kuan Aydin, Tarkan Bahcesehir Univ Istanbul Turkey Amer Univ Malta Cospicua Malta Multimedia Univ Cyberjaya Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665487399

Monocular omnidirectional depth estimation is receiving considerable research attention due to its broad applications for sensing 360 degrees surroundings. Existing approaches in this field suffer from limitations in recovering small object details and data lost during the ground-truth depth map acquisition. In this paper, a novel monocular omnidirectional depth estimation model, namely HiMODE is proposed based on a hybrid CNN+Transformer (encoder-decoder) architecture whose modules are efficiently designed to mitigate distortion and computational cost, without performance degradation. Firstly, we design a feature pyramid network based on the HNet block to extract high-resolution features near the edges. The performance is further improved, benefiting from a self and cross attention layer and spatial/temporal patches in the Transformer encoder and decoder, respectively. Besides, a spatial residual block is employed to reduce the number of parameters. By jointly passing the deep features extracted from an input image at each backbone block, along with the raw depth maps predicted by the transformer encoder-decoder, through a context adjustment layer, our model can produce resulting depth maps with better visual quality than the ground-truth. Comprehensive ablation studies demonstrate the significance of each individual module. Extensive experiments conducted on three datasets;Stanford3D, Matterport3D, and SunCG, demonstrate that HiMODE can achieve state-of-the-art performance for 360 degrees monocular depth estimation. Complete project code and supplementary materials are available at https://***/himode5008/HiMODE.

关键词： Visualization Three-dimensional displays Estimation Lighting computer architecture Feature extraction Transformers

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Sparse Multimodal vision Transformer for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Sparse Multimodal Vision Transformer for Weakly Supervised S...

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2023 ieee/cvf conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, cvprw 2023

作者： Hanna, Joëlle Mommert, Michael Borth, Damian University of St.Gallen AIML Lab School of Computer Science Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9798350302493

vision Transformers have proven their versatility and utility for complex computer vision tasks, such as land cover segmentation in remote sensing applications. While performing on par or even outperforming other methods like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Transformers tend to require even larger datasets with fine-grained annotations (e.g., pixel-level labels for land cover segmentation). To overcome this limitation, we propose a weakly-supervised vision Transformer that leverages image-level labels to learn a semantic segmentation task to reduce the human annotation load. We achieve this by slightly modifying the architecture of the vision Transformer through the use of gating units in each attention head to enforce sparsity during training and thereby retaining only the most meaningful heads. This allows us to directly infer pixel-level labels from image-level labels by post-processing the un-pruned attention heads of the model and refining our predictions by iteratively training a segmentation model with high fidelity. Training and evaluation on the DFC2020 dataset show that our method1 not only generates high-quality segmentation masks using image-level labels, but also performs on par with fully-supervised training relying on pixel-level labels. Finally, our results show that our method is able to perform weakly-supervised semantic segmentation even on small-scale datasets. © 2023 ieee.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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