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Circular Reconfigurable Parallel Processor for Edge computing : Industrial Product ✶

Circular Reconfigurable Parallel Processor for Edge Computin...

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Annual international symposium on computer architecture, ISCA

作者： Yuan Li Jianbin Zhu Yao Fu Yu Lei Toshio Nagata Ryan Braidwood Haohuan Fu Juepeng Zheng Wayne Luk Hongxiang Fan AzurEngine Technologies Tsinghua University Sun Yat-Sen University Imperial College London University of Cambridge

ISBN: (数字)9798350326581

ISBN: (纸本)9798350326598

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have emerged as the predominant hardware platforms for massively parallel computing. However, their inherent von-Neumann architecture still suffers performance inefficiency stemming from the sequential instruction execution and frequent data transfer overheads within the memory system. These intrinsic architectural flaws lead to heavy overhead on the latency, area, and energy efficiency, rendering GPUs suboptimal for edge computing applications. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces a novel circular Reconfigurable Parallel Processor (RPP) to enable massively parallel applications in edge computing with high efficiency. RPP features a novel circular array of reconfigurable compute engines, enabling efficient streaming dataflow processing. In contrast to traditional Coarse Grained Reconfigurable architecture (CGRA), the circular network topology of RPP is formed by linear switch networks with an innovative gasket memory, which reduces complicated network routing overheads while allowing versatile datapath mapping and optimized data reuse. A dedicated hierarchical memory system is proposed to support different memory access patterns and address mapping strategies, enabling flexible data access with high memory efficiency. Several hardware optimizations are further introduced to improve hardware utilization and performance such as concurrent kernel execution, register split&refill and heterogeneous scalar&vector computing. To fully utilize the hardware capability of RPP, we develop an end-to-end software stack consisting of a compiler, runtime environment, and different RPP libraries. This software stack is designed to be compatible with the GPGPU computing paradigm, enhancing its potential for broader adoption. Fabricated in a 14nm process, RPP occupies an area of 119 mm 2 and operates at a maximum power of 15W with a 1GHz clock frequency. From the runtime measurement of various workloads, RPP achieves up to 27.5 × higher

关键词： Runtime environment Memory management Gaskets Full stack Switches Linear algebra Hardware

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Realizing the AMD Exascale Heterogeneous Processor Vision : Industry Product

Realizing the AMD Exascale Heterogeneous Processor Vision : ...

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Annual international symposium on computer architecture, ISCA

作者： Alan Smith Gabriel H. Loh Michael J. Schulte Mike Ignatowski Samuel Naffziger Mike Mantor Mark Fowler Nathan Kalyanasundharam Vamsi Alla Nicholas Malaya Joseph L. Greathouse Eric Chapman Raja Swaminathan Advanced Micro Devices Inc.

ISBN: (数字)9798350326581

ISBN: (纸本)9798350326598

AMD had previously detailed its exascale research journey from initial targets and requirements to the development and evolution of its vision of a high-performance computing (HPC) accelerated processing unit (APU), dubbed the Exascale Heterogeneous Processor or EHP. At the conclusion of that work, the learnings were integrated into the design of the node architecture that went into the Frontier supercomputer, the world’s first exascale machine. However, while the Frontier node architecture embodied many of the attributes of the EHP concept, advanced heterogeneous integration capabilities at the time were not yet sufficiently mature to realize our vision of a fully-integrated APU for HPC and AI. In this paper, we finish the EHP’s story by digging deeper into why an APU was not the right solution at the time of our first exascale architecture, what the shortcomings were of previous EHP concepts, and how AMD further evolved the concept into the AMD Instinct™ MI300A APU. MI300A is the culmination of years of AMD developments in advanced packaging technologies, its APU hardware and software, and the next step in our highly effective chiplet strategy to not only deliver a groundbreaking design for exascale computing, but to also meet the demands of new large-language model and generative AI applications.

关键词： Reviews Generative AI Linux Multichip modules computer architecture Production Trademarks

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P-RECS 2022 - Proceedings of the 5th international Workshop on Practical Reproducible Evaluation of computer Systems, co-located with HPDC 2022

P-RECS 2022 - Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop ...

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5th international Workshop on Practical Reproducible Evaluation of Systems, P-RECS 2022, co-located with The 31st international symposium on high-performance Parallel and Distributed computing, HPDC 2022

The proceedings contain 3 papers. The topics discussed include: expanding the scope of artifact evaluation at HPC conferences: experience of SC21;reproducible experiments for internet systems;and managing randomness t...

ISBN: (纸本)9781450393133

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Applicability Testing Technique of Intelligent Processor for Embedded computing System 21

Applicability Testing Technique of Intelligent Processor for...

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IEEE/ACIS 21st international Fall Virtual Conference on computer and Information Science (ICIS Fall)

作者： Bai, Linting Wen, Pengcheng Hai, Yulin Gao, Ze Cheng, Taoran Wang, Heng ACTRI AVIC Aviat Key Lab Sci & Technol Airborne & Missile Bo Xian Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728176796

This paper conducts research on the applicability technology of intelligent processors in embedded devices. From the aspects of the complexity of intelligent tasks, the real-time performance and accuracy requirements of intelligent tasks, the high-performance density requirements of the embedded system and the working environment requirements of embedded devices, the relevant characteristics of intelligent applications in the embedded environment are analyzed. Based on the above analysis, a series of testing indexes for the applicability of intelligent processors for embedded environments are proposed, including support for different types of intelligent algorithms, processing performance, processing accuracy, power consumption, and working environment. Using typical deep neural network models, the applicability of a certain type of domestic intelligent processor is tested and analyzed to verify the validity of the proposed indexes.

关键词： embedded computing system intelligent processor applicability testing indexes

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Arrow, Bezier Curve, or Halos? - Comparing 3D Out-of-View Object Visualization Techniques for Handheld Augmented Reality 21

Arrow, Bezier Curve, or Halos? - Comparing 3D Out-of-View Ob...

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21st IEEE international symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)

作者： Wieland, Jonathan Garcia, Rudolf C. Hegemann Reiterer, Harald Feuchtner, Tiare Univ Konstanz HCI Grp Constance Germany Aarhus Univ Aarhus Denmark

ISBN: (数字)9781665453257

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453257

Handheld augmented reality (AR) applications allow users to interact with their virtually augmented environment on the screen of their tablet or smartphone by simply pointing its camera at nearby objects or "points of interest" (POIs). However, this often requires users to carefully scan their surroundings in search of POIs that are out of view. Proposed 2D guides for out-of-view POIs can, unfortunately, be ambiguous due to the projection of a 3D position to 2D screen space. We address this by using 3D visualizations that directly encode the POI's 3D direction and distance. Based on related work, we implemented three such visualization techniques: (1) 3D Arrow, (2) 3D Bezier Curve, and (3) 3D Halos. We confirmed the applicability of these three techniques in a case study and then compared them in a user study, evaluating performance, workload, and user experience. Participants performed best using 3D Arrow, while surprisingly, 3D Halos led to poor results. We discuss the design implications of these results that can inform future 3D out-of-view object visualization techniques.

关键词： Human-centered computing Human computer interaction (HCI) Interaction paradigms Mixed / Augmented Reality Human-centered computing Visualization Visualization techniques

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MAD-Max Beyond Single-Node: Enabling Large Machine Learning Model Acceleration on Distributed Systems

MAD-Max Beyond Single-Node: Enabling Large Machine Learning ...

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Annual international symposium on computer architecture, ISCA

作者： Samuel Hsia Alicia Golden Bilge Acun Newsha Ardalani Zachary DeVito Gu-Yeon Wei David Brooks Carole-Jean Wu FAIR at Meta Harvard University

ISBN: (数字)9798350326581

ISBN: (纸本)9798350326598

Training and deploying large-scale machine learning models is time-consuming, requires significant distributed computing infrastructures, and incurs high operational costs. Our analysis, grounded in real-world large model training on datacenter-scale infrastructures, reveals that 14~32% of all GPU hours are spent on communication with no overlapping computation. To minimize this outstanding communication latency and other inherent at-scale inefficiencies, we introduce an agile performance modeling framework, MAD-Max. This framework is designed to optimize parallelization strategies and facilitate hardware-software co-design opportunities. Through the application of MAD-Max to a suite of real-world large-scale ML models on state-of-the-art GPU clusters, we showcase potential throughput enhancements of up to 2.24 × for pretraining and up to 5.27 × for inference scenarios, respectively.

关键词： Training Analytical models Costs Computational modeling Graphics processing units Machine learning computer architecture

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Effects of Tactile Feedback on Conceptual Understanding of Electromagnetism in a Virtual Reality Experience 21

Effects of Tactile Feedback on Conceptual Understanding of E...

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21st IEEE international symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)

作者： Acevedo, Pedro Magana, Alejandra Mousas, Christos Walsh, Yoselyn Pinto, Hector Will Benes, Bedrich Purdue Univ W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Costa Rica Inst Technol Cartago Costa Rica

ISBN: (数字)9781665453653

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453653

This research project aimed to investigate the effect of a virtual reality (VR) environment and tactile feedback on students' conceptual understanding of electromagnetism. In our developed application, we simulated the physics concept of electromagnetism through charged particles and their interaction through field lines and isosurfaces in 3D. We divided interactions with virtual particles into four scenarios: 1) interaction between two positively charged particles;2) interaction between two negatively charged particles;3) interaction between one positively and one negatively charged particle;and 4) interaction among three particles, one positively and two negatively charged. We conducted a between-group study in which undergraduate students (n = 41) experienced either only visual feedback (n = 20) or simultaneous visual and haptic feedback (n = 21). We found significant differences (p-value <.05) regarding knowledge gain in both the pretest and posttest. However, we did not find significant differences in the posttest between conditions, but the group assigned the simultaneous feedback condition indicated that tactile feedback helped them understand the electric fields. In this paper, we discuss our results' implications in designing a VR learning environment.

关键词： Human-centered computing-Human computer interaction (HCI)-HCI design and evaluation methods-User studies Education-computer graphics-Graphics systems and interfaces-Virtual reality

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Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Sequences using a Commercial Cloud with a Spot Instance Based Dynamic Scheduler 21

Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Sequences using a Commercial Cloud with...

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21st IEEE/ACM international symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet computing (CCGrid)

作者： Teylo, Luan Nunes, Alan L. Melo, Alba C. M. A. Boeres, Cristina Drummond, Lucia Maria de A. Martins, Natalia F. Fluminense Fed Univ Inst Comp Niteroi RJ Brazil Univ Brasilia Dept Comp Sci Brasilia DF Brazil Embrapa Genet Resources & Biotechnol Brazilian Agr Res Corp Brasilia DF Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781728195865

There has been an increasing interest in running high performance computing (HPC) applications in the cloud, mainly due to rapid resource provisioning and significant reduction of operational costs. Biological sequence comparison is an important HPC application that compares sequences in search of similarities. MASA-OpenMP is a highly optimized sequence comparison tool that obtains optimal results. Yet, it can take a long time, depending on the number of sequences compared and their lengths. The Covid-19 pandemic study is of particular interest nowadays, and the comparison of SARS-CoV-2 sequences is crucial to understanding this disease. In this paper, we compare SARS-CoV-2 sequences with MASA-OpenMP in the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), using both spot and on-demand instances. To efficiently execute a MASA-OpenMP application composed of more than 22,000 tasks on EC2 respecting a given deadline, we propose an execution modeling for MASA-OpenMP on top of the Burst-HADS framework. Burst-HADS is a spot instance-based dynamic scheduler for Bag-of-Tasks applications in the cloud, which minimizes both execution time and financial costs regarding a given deadline even in the presence of spot interruptions. performance results reveal that, by using spots, our Burst-HADS strategy considerably reduces the monetary cost for executing 22,600 SARS-CoV-2 sequence comparisons with MASA-OpenMP when contrasted to the on-demand only approach. We also show that our strategy can meet the deadlines, even in scenarios with several spot interruptions.

关键词： biological sequence comparison spot and on-demand scheduling and execution management cloud computing

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An Ontology-based Method for Heterogeneous Data Governance with MFI and MDR 25

An Ontology-based Method for Heterogeneous Data Governance w...

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25th IEEE international Conferences on high performance computing and Communications, 9th international Conference on Data Science and Systems, 21st IEEE international Conference on Smart City and 9th IEEE international Conference on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud and Big Data Systems and Applications, HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys 2023

作者： Du, Zhihong Xu, Duo Huang, Danruo Hu, Yuren He, Keqing Wang, Chong Wang, Jian Zhang, Hong-Yu Mayer, Wolfgang Duan, Yucong Wang, Ying Feng, Zaiwen College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China Huazhong Agricultural University Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan430070 China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China Macro Agricultural Research Institute Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan430070 China School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430070 China Huazhonz Agricultural University Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics Wuhan430070 China University of South Australia Industrial Ai Research Centre Mawson LakesSA5095 Australia School of Computer Science and Technology Hainan University Haikou China Huazhong Agricultural University National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Wuhan430070 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330014

Currently, data governance and integration in the fields are hindered by semantic ambiguity and syntactic inconsistencies among different sub domain data and models, making it difficult to use these valuable data for further application and research jointly. Therefore, it is necessary to unify and integrate existing metadata and meta-models more effectively for information resource sharing and interoperability in the field. This paper proposes an ontology-based approach with a hybrid ISO/IEC 11179 (MDR) and ISO/IEC 19763 (MFI) framework for data governance and integration. This framework takes a Global Ontology Model (GOM) constructed for the global domain as a bridge and basis for integrating and aligning heterogeneous sub domains. It extends MDR by adding ontology registration items to implement the mapping between the GOM and multiple subdomains, thereby promoting the semantic sharing of metadata between subdomains. In addition, the MFI-12 and MFI-10 are used to solve the model interoperability between different subdomains. A detailed case study is provided to illustrate the concrete registration process and demonstrate the validity of our method. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Ontology

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Fast Learning Framework for Denoising of Ultrasound 2D Videos and 3D Images 21st

Fast Learning Framework for Denoising of Ultrasound 2D Video...

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21st international Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP)

作者： Cammarasana, Simone Nicolardi, Paolo Patane, Giuseppe IMATI CNR Via De Marini 6 I-16149 Genoa Italy Esaote SpA Via E Melen 77 Genoa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783031133213;9783031133206

Ultrasound signals are widespread in medical diagnosis for muscle-skeletal, cardiac, and obstetrical diseases, due to the efficiency and non-invasiveness of the acquisition methodology. However, ultrasound acquisition introduces noise in the signal, which corrupts the reconstructed image and affects further processing steps, e.g., segmentation, quantitative analysis. We define a novel deep learning framework for the real-time denoising of ultrasound signals. Our framework replicates denoising algorithms that exploit spatiotemporal redundancy of the input signals (e.g., 2D videos, 3D images). The HPC implementation allows us to learn dedicated networks for different input signals and anatomical districts. Finally, our approach is general in terms of its building blocks and parameters of the deep learning and high-performance computing frameworks, i.e., we can select different denoising algorithms and deep learning architectures.

关键词： US signals Signals denoise Real-time denoise high-performance computing Deep-learning framework

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