Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is one of the well-known techniques of quality management. The purpose of FMEA is to identify possible failure modes of the system components, evaluate their influences on syst...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9788087294413
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is one of the well-known techniques of quality management. The purpose of FMEA is to identify possible failure modes of the system components, evaluate their influences on system behaviour and propose proper countermeasures to suppress these effects. When applying this technique, it is important to determine the value of risk priority numbers. The risk priority number is usually calculated as the product of the severity, occurrence, and detection. This paper presents a way to evaluate FMEA parameters using fuzzy sets.
This paper presents a methodology to facilitate and support nurse scheduling considering shift preferences per day and work area and according to governmental, and workplace requirements. The proposal includes two pha...
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This paper presents a methodology to facilitate and support nurse scheduling considering shift preferences per day and work area and according to governmental, and workplace requirements. The proposal includes two phases: the first implements a shift assignment via auctions using the individual preferences and their equivalence in points as a bidding tool, taking into account skills, experience and seniority. In the second stage, a linear programming model is developed to satisfy remaining constraints meeting as many individual preferences obtained in the auctions stage as possible. Results indicate that using this methodology increases, in some cases, the total preference satisfaction by 5% - 10% and obtains good feasible solutions. The methodology was designed using information from a Colombian hospital and 102 nurses.
In manufacturing, where demands are often uncertain, there is a need for construction of production plan that is robust in a non-probabilistic way. We concentrate on a mixed-integer programming mathematical model of t...
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In manufacturing, where demands are often uncertain, there is a need for construction of production plan that is robust in a non-probabilistic way. We concentrate on a mixed-integer programming mathematical model of the Capacitated Lot Sizing Problem (CLSP) and its Affinely Adjustable Robust Counterparts (AARCs) constructed based on the Robust Optimization (RO) methodology. Main goals of the research include: computational evaluation of the AARC models on a real-data example;comparison of robust, probabilistic and optimal solutions;integrality of decision variables challenge resolution. A set of computational experiments was conducted for the constructed AARCs, showing that the difference between robust and optimal solutions does not exceed 3% for 10% demand uncertainty. A novel method for affine decision rules construction was proposed to obtain robust integer solutions. The presented method can be used in other fields of RO applications, where integrality is crucial.
The Disassembly Line Balancing Problem studied in this paper both chooses the best disassembly alternative for an End of Life Product (EOL) and assigns the corresponding disassembly tasks to the workstations of the li...
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The Disassembly Line Balancing Problem studied in this paper both chooses the best disassembly alternative for an End of Life Product (EOL) and assigns the corresponding disassembly tasks to the workstations of the line under precedence and cycle time constraints. Task times are assumed stochastic with known normal probability distributions. For this reason, cycle time constraints should be satisfied with at least a certain probability level fixed by the decision maker. An And/OR graph is used to model the precedence relations among tasks. The objective is to minimize the line cost composed of the workstation operation costs as well as additional costs of workstations handling hazardous parts of the EOL product. To deal with uncertainties a Second Order Cone Mixed Integer Program is developed.
The stream programming model has received a lot of interest because it naturally exposes task, data, and pipeline parallelism. However, most prior work has focused on static scheduling of regular stream programs. Ther...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781479910212
The stream programming model has received a lot of interest because it naturally exposes task, data, and pipeline parallelism. However, most prior work has focused on static scheduling of regular stream programs. Therefore, irregular applications cannot be handled in static scheduling, and the load imbalance caused by static scheduling faces scalability limitations in many-core systems. In this paper, we introduce the DANBI(1) programming model which supports irregular stream programs and propose dynamic scheduling techniques. Scheduling irregular stream programs is very challenging and the load imbalance becomes a major hurdle to achieve scalability. Our dynamic load-balancing scheduler exploits producer-consumer relationships already expressed in the stream program to achieve scalability. Moreover, it effectively avoids the thundering-herd problem and dynamically adapts to load imbalance in a probabilistic manner. It surpasses prior static stream scheduling approaches which are vulnerable to load imbalance and also surpasses prior dynamic stream scheduling approaches which have many restrictions on supported program types, on the scope of dynamic scheduling, and on preserving data ordering. Our experimental results on a 40-core server show that DANBI achieves an almost linear scalability and outperforms state-of-the-art parallel runtimes by up to 2.8 times.
Assertion-Based software testing has been shown to be effective in detecting program faults as compared to traditional black-box and white-box software testing methods. However, a downside of assertion-based testing i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781629933115
Assertion-Based software testing has been shown to be effective in detecting program faults as compared to traditional black-box and white-box software testing methods. However, a downside of assertion-based testing is that the number of assertions may be very large, especially for commercial software with large and complex code. As the process of finding a test data to violate such a large number of assertions is very expensive, this may hamper the effectiveness of assertion-based testing and make it impractical for industrial-size software. Therefore, software developers considering Assertion-Based testing need to decide when to apply assertion-based testing in order for them to get the benefits of this approach at an acceptable level of costs. In this paper, we present an Assertion-Based testing metrics approach that is based on fuzzy logic. The main goal of this approach is to assist software developers to get the most benefits of assertion-based software testing. The results of applying the proposed approach may save valuable testing resources during the process of Assertion-Based software testing.
This paper uses inductive logicprogramming (ILP) to identify a driver's cognitive state in real driving situations to determine whether a driver will be ready to select a suitable operation and recommended servic...
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We present a systematic technique for transforming XACML 3.0 policies in Answer Set programming (ASP). We show that the resulting logic program has a unique answer set that directly corresponds to our formalisation of...
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The development of computer systems is extremely complex due to real-time, distribution and dynamism requirements. For this reason, whatever the taken precautions, the occurrence of faults is sometimes unavoidable. In...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769550022
The development of computer systems is extremely complex due to real-time, distribution and dynamism requirements. For this reason, whatever the taken precautions, the occurrence of faults is sometimes unavoidable. In this context, we notice the need of techniques ensuring the dependability of real-time distributed dynamically reconfigurable systems. We focus on fault-tolerance, that means avoiding service failures in the presence of faults. In this paper, we have defined a development process for modeling and generating fault tolerance code using aspect oriented programming. First, we integrate fault tolerance elements since the modeling step of a system in order to take advantage of features of analysis, proof and verification possible at this stage using AADL and its annex Error Model Annex. Second, we extend an aspect oriented language and adapt it to respect real-time requirements. Finally, we define a code generation process for both functional preoccupations and cross-cutting ones like fault tolerance.
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