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Comparison of adaptive array processing schemes for land mine detection using hyperspectral imagery - art. no. 591301

Comparison of adaptive array processing schemes for land min...

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17th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Farrell, MD Mersereau, RM Georgia Inst Technol Ctr Signal & Image Proc Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819459186

Adaptive techniques for detecting small or difficult targets in the midst of high noise and/or clutter have a rich history in the radar array processing community. However, the utility of these schemes is only beginning to be realized for multichannel electro-optical techniques, specifically hyperspectral imaging (HSI). the data products generated by hyperspectral sensors differ greatly from those of radar and sonar arrays, yet recent studies using HSI data have offered promising results for modified versions of common adaptive detectors. In this paper, we compare a series popular adaptive detection schemes applied to HSI data for the task of land mine detection. Experiments using real hyperspectral image cubes, not Simulations, are performed with data from both the visible-SWIR and LWIR regions. Results are presented for different mine types in a variety of scenes.

关键词： adaptive detection array processing hyperspectral imaging land mines

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Detection and localization of multiple unresolved extended objects via monopulse radar signal processing

Detection and localization of multiple unresolved extended o...

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17th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Zhang, X Willett, P Bax-Shalom, Y Univ Connecticut Dept Elect & Comp Engn Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819459186

With high resolution radars, realistic objects should be considered as extended rather than point targets. If several closely-spaced targets fall within the same radar beam and between adjacent matched filter samples in range, the full monopulse information from all of these samples can and should be used for estimation, both of angle and of range (with the range to sub-bin accuracy). To detect and localize multiple unresolved extended targets, we establish a model for monopulse radar returns from extended objects, and use a maximum likelihood estimator to localize the targets. Rissanen's minimum description length (MDL) will be used to decide the number of existing extended objects. We compare the new extended target monopulse processing scheme with previously developed point target monopulse techniques to show the improvement in terms of the estimation of target locations, the detection of the number of existing targets, and the tracking performance with a multiple hypothesis tracker (MHT) using the output from the proposed extended target monopulse processor.

关键词： monopulse radar extended target unresolved target tracking

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GMTI-tracking and information fusion for ground surveillance

GMTI-tracking and information fusion for ground surveillance

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13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Koch, WG FKIE FGAN D-53343 Wachtberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

the aim of ground surveillance with airborne GMTI radar is the near real-time production of a dynamic ground picture. Since the sensors often record merely certain aspects of the situation of interest, information fusion is of particular importance. In addition, even after platform motion compensation by signal processing techniques (STAP), ground moving targets can well be masked by the clutter notch of the sensor. this physical phenomenon directly results from the low-DOPPLER characteristics of the targets and causes interfering fading effects that seriously affect the tracking performance/continuity. In this context a GMTI sensor model provides significant performance improvements being relevant also to sensor data fusion. the Minimum Detectable Velocity (MDV) proves to be an important sensor parameter explicitly entering into GMTI tracking. In combination with road map information or sensor data fusion the refined model can in particular alleviate the recognition of stopping targets. A numerical example quantitatively illustrates the potential gain by exploiting GMTI-modeling, road-maps, and sensor fusion.

关键词： ground moving targets (GMT) GMTI radar Bayesian target tracking PDA MHT sensor data fusion road map information minimum detectable velocity (MDV) space-time adaptive processing (STAP) doppler blindness

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A wavelet-based regularization scheme for HRR radar profile enhancement for use in automatic target recognition

A wavelet-based regularization scheme for HRR radar profile ...

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Morris, HC DePass, MM San Jose State Univ Dept Math San Jose CA 95192 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Cetin(1-2) has applied non-quadratic optimization methods to produce feature-enhanced high-range resolution (ERR) radar profiles. this work concerned ground-based targets and was carried-out in the temporal domain. In this paper, we propose a wavelet-based-half-quadratic technique(3) for ground-to-air target identification. the method is tested on simulated data generated by standard techniques(4). this analysis shows the ability of the proposed method to recover high-resolution features such as the locations and amplitudes of the dominant scatterers in the HRR profile. this suggests that the technique potentially may help improve the performance of HRR target recognition systems.

关键词： high range-resolution radar wavelets signal reconstruction non-quadratic optimization superresolution

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Tracking ground vehicles on a grid

Tracking ground vehicles on a grid

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Sworder, DD Boyd, JE Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

Hybrid models have proven useful for tracking targets with multiple motion modes. Most emphasis in the literature has been devoted to aircraft which transition from constant velocity motion to constant (or nearly constant) turns and back. Ground targets motions have received less attention despite similarities with aircraft. this paper presents a study of the ground-tracking problem using the Gaussian wavelet estimator as the basic algorithm. the sensor suite contains a matrix of range-bearing sensors of quality that is strongly range dependent. there also may be an acoustic sensor which provides an auxiliary speed measurement. It is shown that the high degree of partitioning of the kinematic state space provided by the algorithm is useful in this application.

关键词： nonlinear filters target tracking data fusion

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Probabilistic data association filter with binomial distributed false alarms for radar tracking

Probabilistic data association filter with binomial distribu...

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13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Blair, WD Brown, GC Georgia Inst Technol Georgia Tech Res Inst Sensors & Electromagnet Applicat Lab Air & Missile Def Div Atlanta GA 30332 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

In this paper, two modifications are made to the derivation of the PDAF: one replaces the Poisson distributed false alarms with a binomial distribution, the other involves the assumed distribution of the angular measurements associated with false alarms. the Binomial distribution better fits the kind of data typically seen in radar because the track gate typically, involves a small number of candidate range cells. the second modification is founded on the assumption that the angle-of-arrival estimates are produced with monopulse techniques. Previous work has modeled the false measurements as being uniformly distributed in the uncertainty volume of the track gate, while a more accurate approach recognizes that the angle components of the false alarms are better modeled as Gaussian perturbations about beam center.

关键词： multitarget tracking data association radar signal processing phased array radar systems

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High-resolution radar ranging for multiple targets

High-resolution radar ranging for multiple targets

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14th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Wang, Z Willett, P Bar-Shalom, Y Blair, WD Univ Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819444782

the similarity between the multiple-target radar ranging problem and the multi-user detection problem in CDMA is drawn: in CDMA, users' bits modulate distinct but correlated signature signals;while, in radar, the "bits" are range-bin occupancies and the "signatures" correspond to the known transmitted signal translated to be centered on the appropriate range bin. the analogy is useful: there has been a great deal of recent experience in CDMA, and one of the best and fastest algorithms uses a variant of probabilistic data association (PDA, the target-tracking philosopk). PDA can be augmented by group decision feedback (GDF) - another idea from CDMA - to refine the target delay- estimates;and finally minimum description length (MDL) is applied to estimate the munber of targets. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the resolution of closely-spaced targets within what would normally- be thought the same range bin. Its performance is also compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the alternating projection (AP) algorithm.

关键词： Personal digital assistants Radar Detection and tracking algorithms Target detection Expectation maximization algorithms signal detection signal to noise ratio Ranging Correlation function Modulation

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data association hypothesis evaluation for i.i.d. but non-Poisson multiple target tracking

Data association hypothesis evaluation for i.i.d. but non-Po...

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16th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Mori, S Chong, CY ALPHATECH Inc Mountain View CA 94040 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081945351X

this paper discusses the evaluation of data association hypotheses for a general class of multiple target tracking problems. We assume that the number of targets is unknown, and that given the number of targets, the joint target state distributions form a system of independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) probability distributions. We are particularly interested in the case where the prior probability distribution of the number of targets is not necessarily Poisson. We will show that the Poisson assumption is not only sufficient but also necessary for the commonly used standard multiplicative hypothesis evaluation formula. Consequently, we claim that the use of the standard multiplicative hypothesis evaluation formula implies, either explicitly or implicitly, the Poisson assumption. We will also examine the Poisson assumption on the number of false alarms in each measurement set.

关键词： multiple target tracking data association hypothesis evaluation IID cluster non-Poisson point process

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small object hyperspectral detection from a low-flying UAV

Small object hyperspectral detection from a low-flying UAV

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20th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Murray-Krezan, J. Neumann, J. G. Leathers, R. A. USN Res Lab Washington DC 20375 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471604

small object detection with a low false alarm rate remains a challenge for automated hyperspectral detection algorithms when the background environment is cluttered. In order to approach this problem we are developing a compact hyperspectral sensor that can be fielded from a small unmanned airborne platform. this platform is capable of flying low and slow, facilitating the collection of hyperspectral imagery that has a small ground-sample distance (GSD) and small atmospheric distortion. Using high-resolution hyperspectral imagery we simulate various ranges between the sensor and the objects of interest. this numerical study aids in analysis of the effects of stand-off distance on detection versus false alarm rates when using standard hyperspectral detection algorithms. Preliminary experimental evidence supports our simulation results.

关键词： hyperspectral HSI GSD small object detection

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Assurance regions in tracking

Assurance regions in tracking

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20th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Sworder, David D. Boyd, John E. Hutchins, R. G. Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA Cub Def Applicat San Diego CA 92186 USA Naval Postgrad Sch Dept EECE Monterey CA 93943 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471604

An assurance region at level p, A(P=p), is an area in motion space that contains the target with assigned probability p. It is on the basis of A(P=p) that an action is taken or a decision made. Common model-based trackers generate a synthetic distribution function for the kinematic state of the target. Unfortunately, this distribution is very coarse, and the resulting A(P=p) lack credibility. It is shown that a, map-enhanced, multiple model algorithm reduces the tracking, error and leads to a compact assurance region.

关键词： nonlinear filters target tracking data fusion

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