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Joint detection and tracking of unresolved targets with a joint-bin processing monopulse radar - art. no. 62360T

Joint detection and tracking of unresolved targets with a jo...

引用

18th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Nandakumaran, N. Sinha, A. Kirubarajan, T. McMaster Univ ETFLab Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hamilton ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0819462926

Detection and estimation of multiple unresolved targets with a monopulse radar is limited by the availability of information in monopulse signals. the maximum possible number of targets that can be extracted from the monopulse signals of a single bin is two. Recently two approaches have been proposed in the literature to overcome this limitation. the first is joint-bin processing that exploits target spill-over among adjacent cells by modeling the target returns in the adjacent cells. In addition to making use of the additional information available in target spill-over, it handles a more practical problem where the usual assumption of ideal sampling is relaxed. the second approach is to make use of tracking information in detection through joint detection and tracking with the help of Monte Carlo integration of a particle filter. It was shown that the extraction of even more targets is possible with tracking information. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to combine make the best of these two approaches - a new joint detection and tracking algorithm with multibin processing. the proposed method increases the detection ability as well as tracking accuracy. Simulation studies are carried out. with amplitude comparison monopulse radar for an unresolved target scenario. the relative performances of various methods are also provided.

关键词： U nresolved targets closely-spaced targets monopulse radar multitarget tracking particle filters joint-bin processing

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Track fusion with feedback for local trackers using MHT

Track fusion with feedback for local trackers using MHT

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20th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Danu, Daniel Lang, Tom Kirubarajan, T. McMaster Univ Dept Elect & Comp Engn Hamilton ON Canada Gen Dynam Canada Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471604

With current processing power, Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (MHT) becomes a feasible and powerful solution;however a good hypothesis pruning method is mandatory for efficient implementation. the availability of a continuously increasing number of tracking systems raises interest in combining information from these systems. the purpose of this paper is to propose a method of information fusion for such trackers that use MHT locally with local information sent in the form of sensor global hypotheses and the fusion center combining them into fused global hypotheses. the information extracted from the best fused global hypotheses, in the form of ranking of received sensor global hypotheses, is sent back to local trackers, for optimized pruning. Details of the method, in terms of sensor global hypotheses generation, evaluation, pruning at local sensors, association and fusion of sensor global hypotheses at fusion center, and usage of the information received as feedback from the fusion center are presented.

关键词： target tracking Multiple Hypothesis Tracking data fusion

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A multiple model SNR/RCS likelihood ratio score for radar-based feature-aided tracking

A multiple model SNR/RCS likelihood ratio score for radar-ba...

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17th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Slocumb, BJ Klusman, ME Numerica Corp Ft Collins CO 80527 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819459186

Most approaches to data association in target tracking use a likelihood-ratio based score for measurement-to-track and track-to-track matching. the classical approach uses a likelihood ratio based on kinematic data. Feature-aided tracking uses non-kinematic data to produce an "auxiliary score" that augments the kinematic score. this paper develops a non-kinematic likelihood ratio score based on statistical models for the signal-to-noise (SNR) and radar cross section (RCS) for use in narrowband radar tracking. the formulation requires an estimate of the target mean RCS, and a key challenge is the trackina of the mean RCS through significant "jumps" due to aspect dependencies. A novel multiple model approach is used track through the RCS jumps. three solution are developed: one based on an a-filter, a second based on the median filter, and the third based on an IMM filter with a median pre-filter. Simulation results are presented that show the effectiveness of the multiple model approach for tracking through RCS transitions due to aspect-angle changes.

关键词： feature-aided tracking RCS tracking multiple model signal score swerling fluctuation

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Expected likelihood for tracking in clutter with particle filters

Expected likelihood for tracking in clutter with particle fi...

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14th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Marrs, A Maskell, S Bar-Shalom, Y QinetiQ Ltd Malvern Technol Ctr Malvern Worcs England

ISBN: (纸本)0819444782

the standard approach to tracking a single target in clutter, using the Kalman filter or extended Kalman filter, is to gate the measurements using the predicted measurement covariance and then to update the predicted state using probabilistic data association. When tracking with a particle filter, an analog to the predicted measurement covariance is not directly available and could only be constructed as an approximation to the current particle cloud. A common alternative is to use a form of soft gating, based upon a Student's-t likelihood, that is motivated by the concept of score functions in classical statistical hypothesis testing. In this paper, we combine the score function and probabilistic data association approaches to develop a new method for tracking in clutter using a particle filter. this is done by deriving an expected likelihood from known measurement and clutter statistics. the performance of this new approach is assessed on a series of bearings-only tracking scenarios with uncertain sensor location and non-Gaussian clutter.

关键词： tracking probabilistic data association particle filters

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Hazardous material localization and person tracking

Hazardous material localization and person tracking

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20th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Wieneke, Monika Safenreiter, Konstantin Koch, Wolfgang FGAN FKIE D-53343 Wachtberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471604

Timely recognition of threats can be significantly supported by security assistance systems that work continuously in time and call the attention of the security personnel in case of anomalies. We describe the concept and the realization of an indoor security assistance system for real-time decision support. data for the classification of persons are provided by chemical sensors detecting hazardous materials. Due to their limited spatio-temporal resolution, a single chemical sensor cannot localize this material and associate it with a person. We compensate this deficiency by fusing the output of multiple, distributed chemical sensors with kinematical data from laser-range-scanners. Both, tracking and fusion of tracks with chemical attributes can be processed within one single framework called Probabilistic Multiple Hypothesis Tracking (PMHT). An extension of PMHT for dealing with classification measurements (PMHT-c) already exists. We show how PMHT-c can be applied to associate chemical attributes to person tracks. this affords the localization of threads and a timely notification of the security personnel.

关键词： person tracking Probabilistic Multi-Hypothesis Tracking (PMHT) classification attributes data fusion security assistance systems

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A flexible implementation for Doppler radar to verify various base-band array signal processing algorithms - art. no. 591307

A flexible implementation for Doppler radar to verify variou...

引用

17th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Yang, E Lee, J Jung, B Chun, J Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol Comp Sci Lab Taejon 305701 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0819459186

We describe a flexible hardware system of the Doppler radar which. is designed to verify various baseband array signal processing algorithms. In this work we design the Doppler radar system simulator for baseband signal processing in laboratory level. Based on this baseband signal processor, a PN-code pulse doppler radar simulator is developed. More specifically, this simulator consists of an echo signal generation part and a signal processing part. For the echo signal generation part, we use active array structure with 4 elements, and adopt baker coded PCM signal in transmission and reception for digital pulse compression. In the signal processing part, we first transform RF radar pulse to the baseband signal because we use the basebands algorithms using IF sampling. Various digital bearnforming algorithms can be adopted as a baseband algorithm in our simulator. We mainly use Multiple Sidelobe Canceller (MSC) with main array antenna elements and auxiliary antenna elements as beamforming and sidelobe canceller algorithm. For Doppler filtering algorithms, we use the FFT. A control set is necessary to control overall system and to manage the timing schedule for the operation.

关键词： Doppler radar FFT beamforming sidelobe canceller CFAR pulse compression

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Tracking of low-observable small targets against clutter

Tracking of low-observable small targets against clutter

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13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Shue, L Venkateswarlu, R Lim, ET Nanyang Technol Univ Ctr Signal Proc Singapore 639798 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

Detection and tracking of low-observable moving targets against heavy clutter in a sequence of infrared images is an important research area. the focus of research in this area is to reliably pick up the most potential targets, track the targets with varying speed and direction, and at the same time reduce the false alarm rate to ala acceptable level. However, there is no single method that works equally well hi all situations. this paper presents an integrated algorithm based on area-correlation tracker (ACT) and Kalman filter for improving ACT performance for targets with varying speed and direction. Divergence and loss of target when the target is stationary are the two typical problems associated with ACT. In our algorithm, we propose to overcome these shortcomings by introducing an online procedure for updating (or not updating in the case of occlusions) the reference template, in conjunction with linear predictions by using a Kalman filter.

关键词： small target image registration area-correlation Kalman filter

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An efficient one-scan-back PDAF for target tracking in clutter

An efficient one-scan-back PDAF for target tracking in clutt...

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13th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Zwaga, JH Driessen, H THALES Nederland NL-7554 RR Hengelo Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)0819441872

In this paper we present an efficient one-scan-back Probabilistic data Association Filter (PDAF). Regarding the general case of an N-scan-back PDAF, it has been noted in the literature that with each additional scan back, there is a considerable increase in computational load while the amount of improvement in tracking performance diminishes [1], [2]. We therefore have designed a filter that aims to benefit at a minimal increase in computational cost from the one-scan-back architecture that effectively rules out unlikely measurement pairings. In this filter, we use the measurements in the previous scan only to produce better weights for the measurements in the present scan. thus, as compared to a 'full' one-scan-back PDAF, we considerably reduce the number of updating and merging steps each scan. For the proposed filter, and the closely related 'standard' (zero-scan-back) PDAF [3] and 'full' one-scan-back PDAF, we provide the theoretical background, numerical implementation, and simulation results.

关键词： target tracking probabilistic data association clutter

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An algorithm benchmark data suite for chemical and biological (chem/bio) defense applications

An algorithm benchmark data suite for chemical and biologica...

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20th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Slamani, Mohamed-Adel Fisk, Brian Chyba, thomas Emge, Darren Waugh, Steve ITT Corp Adv Engn & Sci Div 2560 Huntington Ave Alexandria VA 22303 USA Edgewood Chem Biolog Ctr Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010 USA Def Threat Reduct Agcy Ft Belvoir VA 22060 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819471604

A Chem/Bio Defense Algorithm Benchmark is proposed as a way to leverage algorithm expertise and apply it to high fidelity Chem/Bio challenge problems in a high fidelity simulation environment. Initially intended to provide risk mitigation to the DTRA-sponsored US Army CUGR ACTD, its intent is to enable the assessment and transition of algorithms to support P3I of future spiral updates. the key chemical sensor in the CUGR ACTD is the Joint Contaminated Surface Detector (JCSD), a short-range stand-off Raman spectroscopy sensor for tactical in-the-field applications. the significant challenges in discriminating chemical signatures in such a system include, but are not limited to, complex background clutter and low signal to noise ratios (SNR). this paper will present an overview of the Chem-Bio Defense Algorithm Benchmark, and the JCSD Challenge Problem specifically.

关键词： signal to noise ratio

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Map integration in tracking

Map integration in tracking

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19th conference on signal and data processing of small targets

作者： Sworder, David D. Boyd, John E. Hutchins, R. G. Univ Calif San Diego Dept Elect & Comp Engn La Jolla CA 92093 USA Cub Def Applicat San Diego CA 92186 USA Naval Postgrad Sch Dept EECE Monterey CA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9780819468475

A multiple model tracking algorithm has considerable advantage when the target is moving on a road grid. A map-enhanced algorithm magnifies this by excluding large regions of the 2D motion-space from search. However, integrating the grid of streets and junctions into a recursive algorithm is challenging. this paper presents a map-enhanced, tracker that uses local models tuned to motions on the four cardinal directions. Map compliance is achieved by re-initializing the local kinematic state when a modal change occurs and by moving the local estimate to the map after a measurement update. Unfortunately, the transition dynamics of the modal state depend upon the kinematic state. A proposed junction influence function is based upon a rapidly decaying measure of the distance from the target to the nearest compatible junction.

关键词： nonlinear filters target tracking data fusion

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