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检索条件"任意字段=26th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, CP 2020"

共 51 条记录，以下是31-40 订阅

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Perturbing Branching Heuristics in constraint Solving 26th

Perturbing Branching Heuristics in Constraint Solving

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26th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2020

作者： Paparrizou, Anastasia Wattez, Hugues CRIL University of Artois & CNRS Lens France

ISBN: (纸本)9783030584740

Variable ordering heuristics are one of the key settings for an efficient constraint solver. During the last two decades, a considerable effort has been spent for designing dynamic heuristics that iteratively change the order of variables as search progresses. At the same time, restart and randomization methods have been devised for alleviating heavy-tailed phenomena that typically arise in backtrack search. Despite restart methods are now well-understood, choosing how and when to randomize a given heuristic remains an open issue in the design of modern solvers. In this paper, we present several conceptually simple perturbation strategies for incorporating random choices in constraint solving with restarts. the amount of perturbation is controlled and learned in a bandit-driven framework under various stationary and non-stationary exploration policies, during successive restarts. Our experimental evaluation shows significant performance improvements for the perturbed heuristics compared to their classic counterpart, establishing the need for incorporating perturbation in modern constraint solvers. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Effective Encodings of constraint programming Models to SMT 26th

Effective Encodings of Constraint Programming Models to SMT

引用

26th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2020

作者： Davidson, Ewan Akgün, Özgür Espasa, Joan Nightingale, Peter School of Computer Science University of St Andrews St Andrews United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of York York United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783030584740

Satisfiability Modulo theories (SMT) is a well-established methodology that generalises propositional satisfiability (SAT) by adding support for a variety of theories such as integer arithmetic and bit-vector operations. SMT solvers have made rapid progress in recent years. In part, the efficiency of modern SMT solvers derives from the use of specialised decision procedures for each theory. In this paper we explore how the Essence Prime constraint modelling language can be translated to the standard SMT-LIB language. We target four theories: bit-vectors (QF_BV), linear integer arithmetic (QF_LIA), non-linear integer arithmetic (QF_NIA), and integer difference logic (QF_IDL). the encodings are implemented in the constraint modelling tool Savile Row. In an extensive set of experiments, we compare our encodings for the four theories, showing some notable differences and complementary strengths. We also compare our new encodings to the existing work targeting SMT and SAT, and to a well-established learning cp solver. Our two proposed encodings targeting the theory of bit-vectors (QF_BV) both substantially outperform earlier work on encoding to QF_BV on a large and diverse set of problem classes. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Modeling languages

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Visualizations to Summarize Search Behavior 26th

Visualizations to Summarize Search Behavior

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26th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2020

作者： Howell, Ian S. Choueiry, Berthe Y. Yu, Hongfeng Constraint Systems Laboratory University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNE68508 United States Visualization Laboratory University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNE68508 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783030584740

In this paper, we argue that metrics that assess the performance of backtrack search for solving a constraint Satisfaction Problem should not be visualized and examined only at the end of search, but their evolution should be tracked throughout the search process in order to provide a more complete picture of the behavior of search. We describe a process that organizes search history by automatically recognizing qualitatively significant changes in the metrics that assess search performance. To this end, we introduce a criterion for quantifying change between two time instants and a summarization technique for organizing the history of search at controllable levels of abstraction. We validate our approach in the context of two algorithms for enforcing consistency: one that is activated by a surge of backtracking and the second that modifies the structure of the constraint graph. We also introduce a new visualization for exposing the behavior of variable ordering heuristics and validate its usefulness both as a standalone tool and when displayed alongside search history. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Visualization

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constraint-Based Software Diversification for Efficient Mitigation of Code-Reuse Attacks 26th

Constraint-Based Software Diversification for Efficient Miti...

引用

26th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2020

作者： Tsoupidi, Rodothea Myrsini Castañeda Lozano, Roberto Baudry, Benoit KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden University of Edinburgh Edinburgh United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783030584740

Modern software deployment process produces software that is uniform, and hence vulnerable to large-scale code-reuse attacks. Compiler-based diversification improves the resilience and security of software systems by automatically generating different assembly code versions of a given program. Existing techniques are efficient but do not have a precise control over the quality of the generated code variants. this paper introduces Diversity by Construction (DivCon), a constraint-based compiler approach to software diversification. Unlike previous approaches, DivCon allows users to control and adjust the conflicting goals of diversity and code quality. A key enabler is the use of Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) to generate highly diverse assembly code efficiently. Experiments using two popular compiler benchmark suites confirm that there is a trade-off between quality of each assembly code version and diversity of the entire pool of versions. Our results show that DivCon allows users to trade between these two properties by generating diverse assembly code for a range of quality bounds. In particular, the experiments show that DivCon is able to mitigate code-reuse attacks effectively while delivering near-optimal code (optimality gap). For constraint programming researchers and practitioners, this paper demonstrates that LNS is a valuable technique for finding diverse solutions. For security researchers and software engineers, DivCon extends the scope of compiler-based diversification to performance-critical and resource-constrained applications. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Embedded systems

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A Two-Phase constraint programming Model for Examination Timetabling at University College Cork 26th

A Two-Phase Constraint Programming Model for Examination Tim...

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26th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2020

作者： Genc, Begum O’Sullivan, Barry Confirm Centre for Smart Manufacturing School of Computer Science and Information Technology University College Cork Cork Ireland Insight Centre for Data Analytics School of Computer Science and Information Technology University College Cork Cork Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783030584740

Examination timetabling is a widely studied NP-hard problem. An additional challenge to the complexity of the problem are many real-world requirements that can often prevent the relaxation of some constraints. We report on a project focused on automating the examination timetabling process of University College Cork (UCC) to enhance the examination schedules so that they are fairer to student, as well as being less resource intensive to generate from an administrative point of view. We work with a formulation developed in collaboration with the institution and real data that it provided to us. We propose a two-phase constraint programming approach to solving UCC ’s examination timetabling problem. the first phase considers the timing of examinations while the second phase considers their allocation to rooms. Both phases are modelled using bin-packing constraints and, in particular, an interesting variant in which items can be split across multiple bins. this variant is known as bin packing with fragmentable items. We investigate the tightly linked constraints and difficulties in decomposing the centralised model. We provide empirical results using different search strategies, and compare the quality of our solution with the existing UCC schedule. constraint programming allows us to easily modify the model to express additional constraints or remove the pre-existing ones. Our approach generates significantly better timetables for the university, as measured using a variety of real-world quality metrics, than those prepared by their timetabling experts, and in a reasonable timeframe. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Students

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constraint programming-Based Job Dispatching for Modern HPC Applications 25th

Constraint Programming-Based Job Dispatching for Modern HPC ...

引用

25th international conference on the principles and practice of constraint programming (cp)

作者： Galleguillos, Cristian Kiziltan, Zeynep Sirbu, Alina Babaoglu, Ozalp Pontificia Univ Catolica Valparaiso Valparaiso Chile Univ Bologna Bologna Italy Univ Pisa Pisa Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9783030300487

HPC systems are increasingly being used for big data analytics and predictive model building that employ many short jobs. In these application scenarios, HPC job dispatchers need to process large numbers of short jobs quickly and make decisions on-line while ensuring high Quality-of-Service (QoS) levels and meet demanding timing requirements. constraint programming (cp) is an effective approach for tackling job dispatching problems. Yet, the state-of-the-art cp-based job dispatchers are unable to satisfy the challenges of on-line dispatching and take advantage of job duration predictions. these limitations jeopardize achieving high QoS levels, and consequently impede the adoption of cp-based dispatchers in HPC systems. We propose a class of cp-based dispatchers that are more suitable for HPC systems running modern applications. the new dispatchers are able to reduce the time required for generating on-line dispatching decisions significantly, and are able to make effective use of job duration predictions to decrease waiting times and job slowdowns, especially for workloads dominated by short jobs.

关键词： Quality of service

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A Circuit constraint for Multiple Tours Problems 1

引用

24th international conference on the principles and practice of constraint programming (cp)

作者： Vismara, Philippe Briot, Nicolas Univ Montpellier CNRS LIRMM Montpellier France Univ Montpellier INRA Montpellier SupAgro MISTEA Montpellier France

ISBN: (数字)9783319983349

ISBN: (纸本)9783319983349;9783319983332

Routing problems appear in many practical applications. In the context of constraint programming, circuit constraints have been successfully developed to handle problems like the well-known Traveling Salesman Problem or the Vehicle Routing Problem. these kind of constraints are linked to the search for a Hamiltonian circuit in a graph. In this paper we consider a more general multiple tour problem that consists in covering a part of the graph with a set of minimal cost circuits. We define a new global constraint WEIGHTEDSUBCIRCUITS that generalizes the WeightedCircuit constraint by releasing the need to obtain a Hamiltonian circuit. It enforces multiple disjoint circuits of bounded total cost to partially cover a weighted graph, the subsets of vertices to be covered being induced by external constraints. We show that enforcing Bounds Consistency for WeightedSubCircuits is NP-hard. We propose an incomplete but polynomial filtering method based on the search for a lower bound of a weighted Steiner circuit.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Dead-End Elimination for Weighted CSP

Dead-End Elimination for Weighted CSP

引用

19th Annual international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming (cp)

作者： de Givry, Simon Prestwich, Steven D. O'Sullivan, Barry INRA UR 875 MIA T F-31320 Castanet Tolosan France Univ Coll Cork Cork Constraint Computat Ctr Cork Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642406263;9783642406270

Soft neighborhood substitutability (SNS) is a powerful technique to automatically detect and prune dominated solutions in combinatorial optimization. Recently, it has been shown in [26] that enforcing partial SNS (PSNSr) during search can be worthwhile in the context of Weighted constraint Satisfaction Problems (WCSP). However, for some problems, especially with large domains, PSNSr is still too costly to enforce due to its worst-case time complexity in O(ned(4)) for binary WCSP. We present a simplified dominance breaking constraint, called restricted dead-end elimination (DEEr), the worst-case time complexity of which is in O(ned(2)). Dead-end elimination was introduced in the context of computational biology as a preprocessing technique to reduce the search space [13, 14, 16, 17, 28, 30]. Our restriction involves testing only one pair of values per variable instead of all the pairs, with the possibility to prune several values at the same time. We further improve the original dead-end elimination criterion, keeping the same time and space complexity as DEEr. Our results show that maintaining DEEr during a depth-first branch and bound (DFBB) search is often faster than maintaining PSNSr and always faster than or similar to DFBB alone.

关键词： combinatorial optimization dominance rule weighted constraint satisfaction problem soft neighborhood substitutability

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the SeqBin constraint revisited

The SeqBin constraint revisited

引用

18th international conference on principles and practice of constraint programming, cp 2012

作者： Katsirelos, George Narodytska, Nina Walsh, Toby UBIA INRA Toulouse France NICTA UNSW Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783642335570

We revisit the SeqBin constraint [1]. this meta-constraint subsumes a number of important global constraints like Change [2], Smooth [3] and IncreasingNValue [4]. We show that the previously proposed filtering algorithm for SeqBin has two drawbacks even under strong restrictions: it does not detect bounds disentailment and it is not idempotent. We identify the cause for these problems, and propose a new propagator that overcomes both issues. Our algorithm is based on a connection to the problem of finding a path of a given cost in a restricted n-partite graph. Our propagator enforces domain consistency in O(nd 2) and, for special cases of SeqBin that include Change, Smooth and IncreasingNValue in O(nd) time. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： constraint theory

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Test case generation for object-oriented imperative languages in CLP

Test case generation for object-oriented imperative language...

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26th international conference on Logic programming (ICLP)

作者： Gomez-Zamalloa, Miguel Albert, Elvira Puebla, German Univ Complutense Madrid DSIC E-28040 Madrid Spain Tech Univ Madrid UPM DLSIIS E-28660 Madrid Spain

Testing is a vital part of the software development process. Test Case Generation (TCG) is the process of automatically generating a collection of test-cases which are applied to a system under test. White-box TCG is usually performed by means of symbolic execution, i.e., instead of executing the program on normal values (e.g., numbers), the program is executed on symbolic values representing arbitrary values. When dealing with an object-oriented (OO) imperative language, symbolic execution becomes challenging as, among other things, it must be able to backtrack, complex heap-allocated data structures should be created during the TCG process and features like inheritance, virtual invocations and exceptions have to be taken into account. Due to its inherent symbolic execution mechanism, we pursue in this paper that constraint Logic programming (CLP) has a promising application field in TCG. We will support our claim by developing a fully CLP-based framework to TCG of an OO imperative language, and by assessing it on a corresponding implementation on a set of challenging Java programs.

关键词： test case generation symbolic execution constraint logic programming

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