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IMAGE-ANALYSIS OF PHOTOCHROMIC INK FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS 12

IMAGE-ANALYSIS OF PHOTOCHROMIC INK FOR SECURITY APPLICATIONS

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12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： BATCHELOR, B STEPHENS, N UNIV WALES COLL CARDIFF COLL CARDIFFDEPT COMP MATHCARDIFF CF1 3NSS GLAMWALES

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

Photochromic materials exist in two different color states, with switching between states being achieved by irradiation, with ultra-violet and visible light. By printing patterns and data using both photochromic ink and ordinary ink, it is possible to create a document that is difficult to forge and easy to authenticate. Security is achieved only by public ignorance about and the relative rarity of photochromic materials. Very high levels of security are possible, using modern data encipherment techniques. these are so secure that no known algorithmic method exists for breaking them in a practical amount of time. It should be understood that encipherment algorithms provide a way of protecting a message. Guaranteeing the authenticity of a complete document is better achieved using photochromic materials. this article describes a scheme which employs both techniques to achieve higher overall security than either can provide individually. Central to this idea is the ability to sense the presence of photochromic materials using machines, prior to recognizing specified patterns and reading text.

关键词： computer security Photochromic materials Computing systems Printing Ultraviolet radiation Image processing Visible radiation Lamps Switches robots

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An overview of robot vision

An overview of robot vision

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27th Southern African Universities Power Engineering conference (SAUPEC) / 11th Robotics and Mechatronics conference of South Africa (RobMech) / 29th Annual Symposium of Pattern-Recognition-Association-of-South-Africa (PRASA)

作者： van Eden, Beatrice Rosman, Benjamin CSIR Mobile Intelligent Autonomous Syst Pretoria South Africa Univ Witwatersrand Sch Comp Sci & Appl Math Johannesburg South Africa

ISBN: (纸本)9781728103693

Robot vision is an interdisciplinary field that deals with how robots can be made to gain high-level understanding from digital images or videos. Understanding an image at the pixel level often does not provide enough information for decision making and action taking. In this case, higher level semantic information that describes the image is required. this helps the robot to accomplish complex tasks that require visual understanding. For robots to add value they need to be sufficiently effective at executing tasks in different settings. Despite many impressive advances in robot vision, robots still lack the ability to function as humans do in complex environments. Importantly, this includes being able to interpret and understand the perceptual complexities of the world. Robot vision is dependant on ideas from both computer vision and machine learning. In this paper we provide a overview of the advances in these disciplines and how they contribute to robot vision.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Image classification Object recognition Object detection Visualization computer architecture

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EXPERT-SYSTEMS AS DESIGN AIDS FOR ARTIFICIAL vision SYSTEMS - A SURVEY 12

EXPERT-SYSTEMS AS DESIGN AIDS FOR ARTIFICIAL VISION SYSTEMS ...

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12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： CREVIER, D UNIV QUEBEC ECOLE TECHNOL SUPERDEPT ELECT ENGNMONTREAL H2T 2C8PQCANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

the development of software that would be to computer vision what expert system shells are to expert systems has been the subject of considerable inquiry over the last ten years; this paper reviews the pertinent publications and tries to present a coherent view of the field. We start by outlining two major differences between would be `vision shells' and conventional expert system shells. the first is the need for an intermediate level of symbolic representation between image pixels and the knowledge base. the second is that the mental operations that people perform to interpret images lie almost totally below the threshold of consciousness. vision system designers therefore cannot, as domain experts normally do, examine their own mental processes and cast them into rules to extract information from images. the vision shell should thus contain, in addition to the usual knowledge engineering toolbox, knowledge on the pertinence of specific imaging operations towards various goals. After a review of the role of explicit knowledge in artificial vision, we examine the architecture a vision shell should have, and look at ways of facilitating the entry of domain-pertinent knowledge into it. Final remarks are made on knowledge representation and acquisition aspects particular to industrial applications.

关键词： Image segmentation Image processing Machine vision computer vision technology Imaging systems Image analysis Visualization Software development Robot vision robots

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COMPUTING STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF HUE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR COLOR IMAGE-ANALYSIS 12

COMPUTING STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF HUE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CO...

引用

12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： CREVIER, D UNIV QUEBEC ECOLE TECHNOL SUPERDEPT ELECT ENGNMONTREAL H2T 2C8PQCANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

Color images can be analyzed using two kinds of coordinate systems: rectangular systems based on primary colors (RGB), and cylindrical systems based on hue, saturation, and intensity (HSI). HSI systems match our intuitive understanding of colors and make it possible to name colors in knowledge bases, a significant advantage given the mushrooming use of declarative knowledge for image analysis. On the other hand, HSI systems give rise to singularities which result in undesirable instabilities, notably with respect to the statistical properties of hue distributions. Computing the mean and variance of a split distribution in the conventional manner would yield an unrealistically large variance and a mean hue in the blue-green region. the paper presents alternative ways of computing means and variances that avoid these effects. At the cost of a relatively slight numerical overhead, these computations generate results in agreement with our intuitive understanding of colors in split peak situations, and reduce to the standard definitions in well-behaved histograms. Recursive formulas are given for the calculation of these statistics, and an efficient algorithm is presented. Equivalence conditions between the results of the introduced procedures and conventional calculations are stated. Examples are given using actual color images.

关键词： computer vision technology Image analysis Machine vision Robot vision robots Statistical analysis Image segmentation Aluminum Nose RGB color model

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MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION OF MULTIPROBE FLUORESCENCE IMAGES FOR IMMUNOPHENOTYPING IN MELANOMA TISSUE-SECTIONS 12

MORPHOLOGICAL SEGMENTATION OF MULTIPROBE FLUORESCENCE IMAGES...

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12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： DOW, AI SHAFER, SA WAGGONER, AS CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV CTR LIGHT MICROSCOPE IMAGING & BIOTECHNOLPITTSBURGHPA 15213

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

A fundamental task in studying the action of cancer chemotherapy is to determine the quantity and spatial relationship of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte populations. Classically this is performed by staining thin tissue sections with antibodies by immunoperoxidase amplification. the staining technique is practically limited to locating a single cell type per tissue section. Full immunophenotyping requires successive staining of serial sections, using statistical analysis to correlate the results. this paper describes a system that brings together multi- parameter fluorescence imaging and morphological segmentation techniques to provide a fast, accurate, and automatic analysis of the lymphocyte infiltrate in tissue sections. With fluorescence techniques a single section can be stained with up to four distinct fluorescently labelled antibodies to determine cell phenotypes. To harness this potential computer vision techniques are required to analyze the images. A routine based on the water shed algorithm has been developed that segments the nuclei image with an accuracy of greater than 90%. By matching the nuclei boundaries to the local peak fluorescence, cell boundary estimates are obtained in the antigen images. By then extracting two measurements from the boundary signal the cells can be classified according to their antigen expression. Determining cell expression of multiple antigens simultaneously provides a more detailed and accurate picture of the tumor infiltrate than single parameter analysis, and increases understanding of the immune response associated with the chemotherapy.

关键词： Image segmentation Tissues Luminescence computer vision technology Machine vision Image filtering Robot vision robots Image analysis Melanoma

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EXTRACTION OF EDGE-BASED AND REGION-BASED FEATURES FOR OBJECT RECOGNITION 12

EXTRACTION OF EDGE-BASED AND REGION-BASED FEATURES FOR OBJEC...

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12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： COUTTS, B RAVI, S HU, GZ SHRIKHANDE, N CENT MICHIGAN UNIV DEPT COMP SCIMT PLEASANTMI 48858

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

One of the central problems of computer vision is object recognition. A catalogue of model objects is described as a set of features such as edges and surfaces. the same features are extracted from the scene and matched against the models for object recognition. Edges and surfaces extracted from the scenes are often noisy and imperfect. In this paper algorithms are described for improving low level edge and surface features. Existing edge extraction algorithms are applied to the intensity image to obtain edge features. Initial edges are traced by following directions of the current contour. these are improved by using corresponding depth and intensity information for decision making at branch points. Surface fitting routines are applied to the range image to obtain planar surface patches. An algorithm of region growing is developed that starts with a coarse segmentation and uses quadric surface fitting to iteratively merge adjacent regions into quadric surfaces based on approximate orthogonal distance regression. Surface information obtained is returned to the edge extraction routine to detect and remove fake edges. this process repeats until no more merging or edge improvement can take place. Both synthetic (with Gaussian noise) and real images containing multiple object scenes have been tested using the merging criteria. Results appeared quite encouraging.

关键词： Edge detection Object recognition Image segmentation Algorithm development Feature extraction Detection and tracking algorithms Image processing algorithms and systems computer vision technology Machine vision Visual process modeling

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SPATIOTEMPORAL TOPOLOGY AND TEMPORAL SEQUENCE IDENTIFICATION WIth AN ADAPTIVE TIME-DELAY NEURAL-NETWORK 12

SPATIOTEMPORAL TOPOLOGY AND TEMPORAL SEQUENCE IDENTIFICATION...

引用

12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： LIN, DT LIGOMENIDES, PA DAYHOFF, JE UNIV MARYLAND DEPT ELECT ENGNCYBERNET RES LABCOLL PKMD 20742

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

Inspired from the time delays that occur in neurobiological signal transmission, we describe an adaptive time delay neural network (ATNN) which is a powerful dynamic learning technique for spatiotemporal pattern transformation and temporal sequence identification. the dynamic properties of this network are formulated through the adaptation of time-delays and synapse weights, which are adjusted on-line based on gradient descent rules according to the evolution of observed inputs and outputs. We have applied the ATNN to examples that possess spatiotemporal complexity, with temporal sequences that are completed by the network. the ATNN is able to be applied to pattern completion. Simulation results show that the ATNN learns the topology of a circular and figure eight trajectories within 500 on-line training iterations, and reproduces the trajectory dynamically with very high accuracy. the ATNN was also trained to model the Fourier series expansion of the sum of different odd harmonics. the resulting network provides more flexibility and efficiency than the TDNN and allows the network to seek optimal values for time-delays as well as optimal synapse weights.

关键词： Neural networks Robot vision robots computer vision technology Image segmentation Machine vision Signal processing Adaptive optics Analytical research Network architectures

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Scenario-based simulation of intelligent driving functions using neural networks 9

Scenario-based simulation of intelligent driving functions u...

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9th International conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)

作者： Kaur, Parampreet Sobti, Rajeev Lovely Profess Univ Sch Comp Sci Engn Jalandhar India

ISBN: (纸本)9781538644300

the modern technological era is witnessing a significant advancement in AI related fields such as machine learning, mobile robots and autonomous vehicles. the success of such systems is immensely dependent on computer vision algorithms. the entirely software enabled intelligent vehicles will soon be hitting the roads in the coming decade. Such self-controlled mobile robots may still be vulnerable to accidents or crashes. therefore, the industry requires some state of the art techniques to substantiate the safety and protection of its passengers as well as other road users. Simulation based testing methods have been in use from a long time, but the newer smart vehicle innovations require better versions of simulation techniques. We thus provide an improved mechanism for simulation testing to validate safe navigation of cars in variety of traffic scenarios. Neural network approach integrated with agent based modelling is described in this paper.

关键词： Agent based modelling intelligent driving SAE autonomy levels simulation ADAS

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A FAST, CHEAP, AND EASY SYSTEM FOR OUTSIDE vision ON MARS 12

A FAST, CHEAP, AND EASY SYSTEM FOR OUTSIDE VISION ON MARS

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12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： GAVIN, AS YAMAMOTO, M MIT DEPT ELECT ENGN & COMP SCIARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LABCAMBRIDGEMA 02139

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

In the design and construction of mobile robots vision has always been one of the most potentially useful sensory systems. In practice however, it has also become the most difficult to successfully implement. At the MIT Mobile Robotics (Mobot) Lab we have designed a small, light, cheap, and low power Mobot vision System that can be used to guide a mobile robot in a constrained environment. the target environment is the surface of Mars, although we believe the system should be applicable to other conditions as well. It is our belief that the constraints of the Maitian environment will allow the implementation of a system that provides vision based guidance to a small mobile rover. the purpose of this vision system is to process realtime visual input and provide as output information about the relative location of safe and unsafe areas for the robot to go. It might additionally provide some tracking of a small number of interesting feature, for example the lander. the system is designed t.o be self contained. It has its own camera and on board processing unit. It draws a small amount of power and exchanges a very small amount of information with the host robot. the project has two parts, first the construction of a hardware platform, and second the implementation of a successful vision algorithm. For the first part of the project, which is nearly complete, we have built a small self contained vision system. It employs a cheap but fast general purpose microcontroller (a 68332) connected to a Charge Coupled Device (CCD). the CCD provides the CPU with a continuous series of medium resolution gray-scale images (64 by 48 pixels with 256 gray levels at 10-15 frames a second). In order to accommodate our goals of low power, light weight, and small size we are bypassing the traditional NTSC video and using a purely digital solution. As the frames are captured any desired algorithm can then be implemented on the microcontroller to extract the desired information from the image

关键词： Charge coupled devices

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SENSOR FUSION OF 2-D AND 3-D DATA FOR thE PROCESSING OF IMAGES OF DENTAL IMPRINTS 12

SENSOR FUSION OF 2-D AND 3-D DATA FOR THE PROCESSING OF IMAG...

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12th conference on intelligent robots and computer vision: algorithms and techniques

作者： MEthOT, F MOKHTARI, M LAURENDEAU, D POUSSART, D UNIV LAVAL DEPT ELECT ENGNCOMP VIS & DIGITAL SYST LABQUEBEC CITY G1K 7P4QUEBECCANADA

ISBN: (纸本)0819413208

this paper presents a computer vision system for the acquisition and processing of 3-D images of wax dental imprints. the ultimate goal of the system is to measure a set of 10 orthodontic parameters that will be fed to an expert system for automatic diagnosis of occlusion problems. An approach for the acquisition of range images of both sides of the imprint is presented. Range is obtained from a shape-from-absorption technique applied to a pair of grey-level images obtained at two different wavelengths. the accuracy of the range values is improved using sensor fusion between the initial range image and a reflectance image from the pair of grey-level images. the improved range image is segmented in order to find the interstices between teeth and, following further processing, the type of each tooth on the profile. Once each tooth has been identified, its accurate location on the imprint is found using a region- growing approach and its shape is reconstructed with third degree polynomial functions. the reconstructed shape will be later used by the system to find specific features that are needed to estimate the orthodontic parameters.

关键词： Image fusion Teeth Reflectivity 3D image processing Image processing 3D acquisition computer vision technology Machine vision Optical spheres Sensor fusion

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