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IEEE international conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors, (ICCD)

作者： Yu Cai Gulay Yalcin Onur Mutlu Erich F. Haratsch Adrian Cristal Osman S. Unsal Ken Mai DSSC Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Barcelona Supercomputing Center Barcelona Spain LSI Corporation Allentown PA USA

With the continued scaling of NAND flash and multi-level cell technology, flash-based storage has gained widespread use in systems ranging from mobile platforms to enterprise servers. However, the robustness of NAND flash cells is an increasing concern, especially at nanometer-regime process geometries. NAND flash memory bit error rate increases exponentially with the number of program/erase cycles. Stronger error correcting codes (ECC) can be used to tolerate higher error rates, but these have diminishing returns with increasing P/E cycles and can have prohibitively high power, area, and latency overheads. the goal of this paper is to develop new techniques that can tolerate high bit error rates without requiring prohibitively strong ECC. Our techniques, called Flash Correct-and-Refresh (FCR) exploit the observation that the dominant error source in NAND flash memory is retention errors, caused by flash cells losing charge over time. the key idea is to periodically read, correct, and reprogram (in-place) or remap the stored data before it accumulates more retention errors than can be corrected by simple ECC. Detailed simulations of a solid-state drive (SSD) storage system driven by measured experimental data from error characterization on real flash memory chips show that our techniques provide 46× average lifetime improvement on a variety of workloads at no additional hardware cost. We also find that our techniques achieve lifetime improvements that cannot feasibly be achieved with stronger ECC.

关键词： Error correction codes Flash memory Bit error rate threshold voltage Nonvolatile memory programming

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Extended Abstract of Candidate Test Set Reduction for Adaptive Random Testing: An Overheads Reduction Technique

Extended Abstract of Candidate Test Set Reduction for Adapti...

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IEEE international conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER)

作者： Rubing Huang Haibo Chen Weifeng Sun Dave Towey Faculty of Information Technology Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa Macau China School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu China School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo Zhejiang China

this document 1 is an extended abstract of a Science of Computer programming paper, "Candidate Test Set Reduction for Adaptive Random Testing: An Overheads Reduction Technique," presented as a J1C2 (Journal publication first, conference presentation following) at the 30th IEEE international conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (Saner 2023).the paper presents a candidate set reduction strategy to enhance the Fixed-Sized-Candidate-Set version of Adaptive Random Testing (FSCS-ART). the proposed method reduces the number of randomly-generated candidate test cases by retaining valuable, unused candidates from previous iterations. As the computational costs associated with a stored/retained candidate are less than the costs associated with a randomly-generating one, the overall computational overheads of FSCS-ART are reduced. the reported experimental studies show that the proposed method has a comparable failure-detection effectiveness to FSCS-ART, but less computational overheads.

关键词： Costs programming Software Power capacitors Computational efficiency Testing

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Scaling of advanced floating body Z-RAM storage cells: A modeling approach

Scaling of advanced floating body Z-RAM storage cells: A mod...

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IFIP international conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC)

作者： Viktor Sverdlov Siegfried Selberherr Institute for Microelectronics TU Wien Wien Austria

A modeling approach to study advanced floating body Z-RAM memory cells is developed. In particular, the scalability of the cells is investigated. First, a Z-RAM cell based on a 50nm gate length double-gate structure corresponding to state of the art technology is studied. A bi-stable behavior essential for Z-RAM operation is observed even in fully depleted structures. It is demonstrated that by adjusting the supply source-drain and gate voltages the programming window can be adjusted. the programming window is appropriately large in voltage as well as in current. We further extend our study to a Z-RAM cell based on an ultra-scaled double-gate MOSFET with 12.5nm gate length. We demonstrate that the cell preserves its functionality by providing a wide voltage operating window with large current differences. An appropriate operating window is still observed at approximately 25-30% reduced supply voltage, which is an additional benefit of scaling. the relation of the obtained supply voltage to the one anticipated in an ultimate MOSFET with quasi-ballistic transport is discussed.

关键词： logic gates MOSFET circuits Silicon Random access memory Transistors Impact ionization Electric potential

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Implementation of Pid Type Fuzzy logic Controller With Digital Signal Controller

Implementation of Pid Type Fuzzy Logic Controller With Digit...

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international conference on Control, Engineering & Information Technology (CEIT)

作者： ÖmerülFaruk ÖZGÜVEN Mehmet Serhat CAN Serdar Ethem HAMAMCI Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Inonu University Malatya Turkey Dept. of Electrical-Electronic Engineering Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat Turkey Dept. of Electrical-Electronic Engineering Inonu University Malatya Turkey

ISBN: (纸本)9781538676424

In this study, the real-time application of the Fuzzy logic-Proportional-Integral-Derivative (Fuzzy-PID) controller is performed. Product-Max operator is used in the design of Fuzzy logic Controller (FLC). this FLC has Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller structure. An integrator was added to the designed FLC output and thus a Fuzzy-PID controller structure is obtained. For the real-time implementation of the controller, the dsPIC30F4010 digital signal controller (DSC) is preferred as the processor because it contains the necessary peripherals, has the required memory capacity and processor speed, low cost and easy to design. For the easily observe application result of the designed FLC, the speed of a brushed direct current electric motor (BDCM) driven by MOSFET is controlled using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) produced by DSC. the Fuzzy-PID controller algorithm is written in C programming language. Edited C language program is compiled and generated operation codes (OP-CODE) is loaded into the DSC. In the study, the BDCM connected to a braking system driven by a shaft belt. So, for different parameters of the controller, the real time system output graphs of the BDCM in loaded, unloaded and varying speeds conditions is obtained and evaluated.

关键词： Mathematical model Fuzzy logic Real-time systems Pulse width modulation Control engineering Information technology

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Ground control station avionics software development in ANKA UAV

Ground control station avionics software development in ANKA...

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conference on Digital Avionics Systems (DASC)

作者： Banş Kayayurt Ihsan Yayla Ahmet Yapici Celal Küçükoğuz Turkish Aerospace Industries Ankara Turkey

ANKA Program, of which main contractor is Turkish Aerospace Industries Inc., aims at designing and producing a MALE (Medium Altitude Low Endurance) type UAV that has the capacity of 200 km maximum line of sight and 30000 ft maximum altitude. System is made up of two subsystems: air vehicle and ground control station, which have their seperate software development teams and infrastructure. this paper describes the Ground Control Station avionics software development process, technologies used, architecture, and software tools. Ground Control Station (GCS) subsystem is composed of both real-time and non-real time software. the aim of the real time software (referred to as the Air Vehicle Control Software - AVCS) is to command and control the flight and to monitor air vehicle telemetry on Human Machine Interface. this real time software runs on the Integrity RTOS [1] on a hardware platform comprising 2 Single Board Computers (SBC) each of which has PowerPC 7448 CPU. the chassis including these SBCs is called Ground Control Computer (GCC) which is dual-redundant and runs in master slave mode. the redundancy is achieved by a concept called hot-backup. Air Vehicle Control Software is based on Integrity's IMA based time and space partitioning. Real time software includes both manual code (developed in the ANSI C language) as well as model based (auto-generated) code. Model based development is involved in the Human Machine Interface part (for which 'VAPS' [2] tool is used) and logic flow part (for which SCADE tool [1] is used). Non-real time software aims at air vehicle and GCS pre flight, test data monitoring on flight, telemetry/telecommand data recording, pilot camera video recording and playback, various other data insertion to database and file system and querying from database and files system functionalities. All non-real time software is designed with object-oriented methodology and developed with C# on NET platform. Real time and non-real time software communicate

关键词： Software Vehicles Object oriented modeling programming Automatic voltage control Real time systems Aerospace electronics

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Comparison of block-based and hybrid-based environments in transferring programming skills to text-based environments 19

Comparison of block-based and hybrid-based environments in t...

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Proceedings of the 29th Annual international conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering

作者： Hussein Alrubaye Stephanie Ludi Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer Rochester Institute of Technology University of North Texas

Teachers face several challenges when presenting fundamental concepts of programming in the classroom. Several tools are introduced to give a visual dimension to support the learning process. they rely on code blocks, easily manipulated in a plug and play fashion, to build a program. these block-based tools intend to familiarize students with programming logic, before diving into text-based programming languages such as Java, Python, etc. However; when transitioning from block-based to text-based programming, students often encounter a gap in their learning. the student may not be able to apply block-based foundations in a text-based environment. To bridge the gap between both environments, we developed a hybrid-based learning approach. We found that on average a hybrid-based approach increases the students understanding of programming foundations, memorization, and ease of transition by more than 30% when compared to a block-based to text-based learning approach. Finally, we provide the community with an open source, hybrid-based learning tool that can be used by students when learning programming concepts or for future studies.

关键词： block-based programming text-based programming hybrid-based programming

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Comparative Review of Approximate Multipliers

Comparative Review of Approximate Multipliers

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international conference on Radioelektronika

作者： Sushree Sila P. Goswami Bikram Paul Sunil Dutt Gaurav Trivedi Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati India

ISBN: (数字)9781728164694

ISBN: (纸本)9781728164700

In the digital signal processing (DSP) system, multiplier is a significant arithmetic module. It contributes mainly in the power consumption and speed, and efficient multipliers are the need of the hour. Approximate computing has added a unique dimension in the area of digital design by reducing area, power and delay. the demand of efficient approximate multipliers is enhancing due to the high speed and fault tolerance as well as its power efficiency. this paper presents comparison of few recent approximate multiplier designs. Experimental results based on the accuracy and circuit parameters are presented. the accuracy parameters are amplitude data accuracy (ACC_amp), information data accuracy (ACC_inf), error rate (ER) and mean error distance (MED). the circuit parameters are delay, power consumption, area. Based on these parameters, the best design in terms of power consumption and area is datapath complexity reduction approximate multiplier which exhibits 58% less power and 61% less area as compared to broken array multiplier.

关键词： logic gates Delays Power demand Adders Approximation algorithms Merging Error analysis

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A LabVIEW program for the stimulation of a vergence open-loop response

A LabVIEW program for the stimulation of a vergence open-loo...

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Annual Northeast Bioengineering conference

作者： A.P. Daftari T.L. Alvarez F.B. Chua J.L. Semmlow C. Pedrono Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ Department of Biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA Depart of Biomedical Engineering Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ Fssilor International S. A. Saint Maur Saint Maur des Fossés France

the vergence oculomotor system is used in viewing objects moving in depth, such as when a baseball player tracks a ball moving towards him. Based on the dual mode theory it is composed of two components; a fast preprogrammed initiating component and a slow feedback-controlled sustaining component. the initiating component is described using open-loop control and the sustaining component is described as a closed-loop feedback control system. Previously, several languages have been utilized to develop programs to study and isolate the open-loop portion of vergence eye movements. Presenting a subject with a stimulus, which repetitively provokes an open-loop response, has been speculated to cause stronger adaptation in the vergence system . this study utilizes Lab VIEW 6i in developing a program capable of real-time experimentation to study the open-loop portion of vergence eye movements. LabVIEW offers many options to the programmer and operator with a user-friendly interface for program development as well as an open architecture, allowing flexibility for future studies. this research validated that LabVIEW can be used for open-loop experimentation through a comparison proving that responses obtained from this code are similar to data published in the literature.

关键词： Eyes Biomedical engineering Feedback control Target tracking Feeds Voltage Surgery Open loop systems programming profession Retina

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Fuzzy logic based risk assessment system giving individualized advice for metabolic syndrome and fatal cardiovascular diseases (vol 27, pg S59, 2019)

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TECHNOLOGY AND HEALth CARE 2019年第6期27卷 681-681页

作者： Korkmaz, Hayriye Canayaz, Emre Akar, Sibel Birtane Altikardes, Zehra Aysun Marmara Univ Fac Technol Dept Elect & Elect Engn Istanbul Turkey Marmara Univ Inst Pure & Appl Sci Dept Elect & Elect Engn Istanbul Turkey Istanbul Arel Univ Vocat Sch Dept Comp Programming Istanbul Turkey Marmara Univ Vocat Sch Tech Sci Dept Comp Technol Istanbul Turkey

In 2005, global cardiovascular diseases caused 30% of deaths in Europe, which is 46% of total deaths for all death groups. Today, according to the international Adult Diabetes Federation, 20% to 25% of the adult population in the world has Metabolic Syndrome. Turkish Statistical Institute claims that in Turkey 408782 people died of circulatory system diseases in 2016 and it is expected that numbers will dramatically increase. In 2003, total worldwide healthcare budget of Diabetes Mellitus was up to 64.9 billion international Dollars with the continuing rise in prevalence, it is expected that total costs will increase to 396 billion international Dollars by 2025. the main purpose of this study was to present a clinical decision support system that calculates Metabolic Syndrome existence and evaluate HeartScore risk level for Turkish population. the second objective was to create a detailed personal report about individual's risk level of Metabolic Syndrome and HeartScore and give advice to him/her to reduce it. the fuzzy logic risk assessment system (FLRAS) was formed in LabVIEW graphical development platform according to international Diabetes Federation and European Heart Journal's criteria. Mamdani type fuzzy logic sets were identified for each input variable and membership functions were assigned depending on the magnitude of the input limits. System's performance was tested on 96 (72 females, 24 males) patient data. Results show that the proposed system was able to evaluate the Metabolic Syndrome risk with 0.9285 specificity, 0.92708 accuracy and 0.925 sensitivity.

关键词： Suggestion Fuzzy logic Risk Assessment Risk Management Metabolic Syndrome X

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Object-Oriented Modeling with Ontologies Around: A Survey of Existing Approaches

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international JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING 2018年第11-12期28卷 1775-1794页

作者： Baset, Selena Stoffel, Kilian Univ Neuchatel Informat Management Inst AL Breguet 2 CH-2000 Neuchatel Switzerland

Despite the many integration tools proposed for mapping between OWL ontologies and the object-oriented paradigm, developers are still reluctant to incorporate ontologies into their code repositories. In this paper we survey existing approaches for OWL-to-OOP mapping trying to identify reasons for this shy adoption of ontologies among conventional software developers. We present a classification of the surveyed approaches and tools based on their technical characteristics and their resulting artifacts. We discuss further potential reasons beyond what have been addressed in the literature before finally providing our own reflection and outlook.

关键词： Knowledge representation object-oriented programming software modeling ontologies OWL language transformation

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