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检索条件"任意字段=3rd Conference on Advances in Laboratory-Based X-Ray Sources and Optics"

共 78 条记录，以下是71-80 订阅

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Physical analysis of high intensity focusing x-ray optics: Doubly curved crystals vs. highly focusing polycapillaries

Physical analysis of high intensity focusing x-ray optics: D...

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3rd conference on advances in laboratory-based x-ray sources and optics

作者： Formica, SP Lee, SM SUNY Albany Dept Phys Metastable Mat Mfg Lab Albany NY 12222 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819445487

Choosing the best performing x-ray optic for a specific x-ray fluorescence application is tricky since x-ray fluorescence requirements can vary from extremely small x-ray beams for spatially resolved measurements to intense, highly monochromatic beams for locating trace amounts of impurities in samples. Additionally, due to the wide variety of commercially available x-ray optics to choose from, each providing different outputs, one has to decide which optic suits one's application requirements best. Two such optics, a doubly curved crystal (DCC) optic and a monolithic polycapillary focusing optic, were examined for use in micro-beam x-ray fluorescence and low level impurity detection. In these two measurements, intense output beams are needed. With the two optics examined, the average CuKalpha x-ray intensities were 6 x 10(7) photons/***(2) for the polycapillary optic and 8 x 105 photons/sec(.)mum(2) for the DCC optic from a 20W sealed-tube, 120 mum diameter Cu source. Thus, with an extremely low power source, the polycapillary output intensity was almost 100 times more than from the DCC optic. Because the spot sizes from the two optics were different, a better intensity comparison is insertion gain, which showed the polycapillary optic had an 8 times higher insertion gain than the DCC optic. In addition to intensity, lowering the minimum detectable limit (MDL) in x-ray fluorescence measurements requires highly monochromatic x-ray beams. Of the two optics examined, the DCC optic (with a 0.37 mm Ni filter) produced an x-ray beam that would detect about a 20% lower impurity concentration than the polycapillary optic (with a 0.44 mm Ni filter). In addition, the DCC optic's MDL can be improved, since this optic produces a highly monochromatic beam by diffraction, eliminating the need for a filter. On the other hand, the polycapillary optic transmits polychromatic x rays, requiring a filter to create a monochromatic beam from the polycapillary output, thereby reducin

关键词： x-ray fluorescence micro-beam x-ray fluorescence x-ray optics doubly curved crystal monolithic polycapillary minimum detectable limit MDL

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Characterization of the monochromatic laser Compton x-ray beam with picosecond and femtosecond pulse widths

Characterization of the monochromatic laser Compton X-ray be...

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advances in laboratory-based x-ray sources and optics II conference

作者： Endo, A Takasago, K Ito, S Yang, JF Yanagida, T Okada, Y Yorozu, M Sakai, F Femtosecond Technol Res Assoc Tsukuba Ibaraki 3002635 Japan

We report on the recent progress of a compact laser Compton monochromatic x-ray source based on the inverse Compton scattering of 100mJ, 100 femtosecond laser pulses by 14MeV, 3 picosecond, InC electron bunches. Exper... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)081944216X

关键词： femtosecond x-ray picosecond x-ray inverse Compton timing jitter x-ray stability

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Lithium metal for x-ray refractive optics

Lithium metal for x-ray refractive optics

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advances in laboratory-based x-ray sources and optics II conference

作者： Pereira, NR Arms, DA Clarke, R Dierker, SB Dufresne, EM Foster, D Ecopulse Inc Springfield VA 22150 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081944216X

Lithium is the best material for refractive x-ray lenses because its x-ray absorption is the lowest of all solids. To test the application of lithium to x-ray lenses we have built a prototype of Cederstrom's saw-tooth refractive lens(1,2) (or alligator lens) from lithium. This paper reports the lens operation using the 10 keV x-rays on bean-dine 7ID at the Advanced Photon Source in Argonne National Laboratories. The lens performs satisfactorily, but not to its full theoretical potential. For example the lens gain is 3 while in this geometry the theoretical gain is 4.5. The difference is most likely due to surface roughness that is avoidable with more careful manufacturing techniques.

关键词： Teeth Lithium Lenses Signal attenuation Absorption Manufacturing Beryllium Metals x-ray optics Geometrical optics

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Powerful microfocus x-ray and hard x-ray 1 MA x-pinch plasma source for imaging, spectroscopy, backlighting, and polarimetry

Powerful microfocus x-ray and hard x-ray 1 MA x-pinch plasma...

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advances in laboratory-based x-ray sources and optics II conference

作者： Kantsyrev, VL Bauer, BS Shlyaptseva, AS Fedin, DA Hansen, S Presura, R Fuelling, S Batie, S Oxner, A Faretto, H Ouart, N Keely, S LeBeau, H Chamberlain, D Univ Nevada Dept Phys Nevada Terawatt Facil Reno NV 89557 USA

ISBN: (纸本)081944216X

The x-ray emission of Ti, Fe, Mo, W, and Pt x-pinches are currently being studied at the Nevada Terawatt Facility z-pinch machine (0.9-1.0 MA, 100 ns). New x-ray diagnostics for time-resolved spectroscopy and imaging has been developed and used in x-pinch experiments. The total x-ray/ EUV yield was more than 10 kJ. The minimum x-ray pulse duration was 1.1 ns (Mo, W, Pt). For Ti, Mo and W pinches x-ray pulses occurred in two or three groups in the narrow time intervals after the start of the current. The most compact emitting region has been observed for a planar-loop Mo x-pinch (the number of hot spots ranging from 1-5 with a minimum size smaller than 30 mum, at lambda<1.5-2 A). Strong jets were observed (Ti, Fe, Mo) directed toward the discharge axis, perpendicular to the wires. A structure of an x-pinch includes energetic electron beams directed toward the anode and along wires. The total beam energy increases from Ti to W. A pulse of hard x-ray radiation was observed moving upwards along the axial axis with an energy of several hundred keV (Mo). The size of this source was smaller than I mm. The measurements of temperature and density of x-pinch plasmas were based on theoretical modeling of K-shell Ti and L-shell Mo spectra (T =1.5 keV for Ti, 0.8 keV for Mo, N-e up to 2-3x10(22) CM 3 With 1-10 % of hot electrons).

关键词： x-rays Molybdenum Iron Hard x-rays x-ray imaging Plasma Imaging spectroscopy Electron beams Spectroscopy Platinum

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Microfocus soft x-ray source generated by a compact high power laser-plasma

Microfocus soft x-ray source generated by a compact high pow...

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conference on advances in laboratory-based x-ray sources and optics

作者： Turcu, ICE Rieger, H Vladimirsky, Y Grygier, R Powers, M Naungayan, J Campeau, S French, G Forber, R Foster, R JMAR Technol Inc San Diego CA 92121 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437891

A high power Picosecond soft x-ray Source (PxS) is generated by a compact, modular, diode pumped solid state laser BriteLight(TM). Three x-ray source version are constructed from laser modules with increasing power. The power of the x-ray sources is tailored to potential applications. The building block of such a modular system is a 3 Watt x-ray power source with 1.1keV x-ray photon energy. The laser system is very compact with dimensions of 4ft x 3ft x 1ft. It is composed of a laser master oscillator, pre-amplifier and one power amplifier. A four laser amplifier system was also constructed in order to generate 12 W of x-rays for application to x-ray lithography. x-ray lithography has a significant competitive advantage over optical lithography when a large depth of field is required and GaAs integrated circuits are such an application. This laser is also very compact with dimensions of 6ft x 3ft x Ift, Finally, a 10 - 100 mW x-ray source was constructed for analytical applications such as x-ray fluorescence or reflectometry in the semiconductor industry. Because the laser is focused to very small spots on target the laser-plasma source is a natural x-ray microfocus source with a source diameter as small as 5.2 mum. This high brightness laser-plasma soft x-ray microfocus source is complementary in spectral emission to the electron-beam generated microfocus x-ray tubes which emit most efficiently 8 keV and harder x-rays. The laser-plasma soft x-ray source is the source of choice for applications requiring a broad spectrum of photon energies lower than a few keV in the soft x-ray spectral region to 100 eV in the extreme ultraviolet (EW) and 10 eV in the deep ultraviolet (DUV). The x-ray tubes are typically used for applications requiring photon energies in the medium and hard x-ray spectral regions (>4 keV).

关键词： x-ray Source soft x-rays laser plasma diode pumped laser

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Preconceptual design requirements for the x-1 Advanced Radiation Source

Preconceptual design requirements for the X-1 Advanced Radia...

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Proceedings of the 1998 23rd International Power Modulator Symposium

作者： Rochau, Gary E. Hands, Jerome A. Raglin, Paul S. Ramirez, Juan J. Goldstein, Steven A. Cereghino, Stephen J. MacLeod, Gordon Sandia Natl Lab Albuquerque United States

The x-1 Advanced Radiation Source represents the next step in providing the U.S. Department of Energy's Stockpile Stewardship Program with the high-energy, large volume, laboratory x-ray source for the Radiation Effects Science and Simulation, Inertial Confinement Fusion, and Weapon Physics Programs. advances in fast pulsed power technology and in z-pinch hohlraums on Sandia National Laboratories' Z Accelerator provide sufficient basis for pursuing the development of x-1. The x-1 plan follows a strategy based on scaling the 2 MJ x-ray output on Z via a 3-fold increase in z-pinch load current. The large volume (>5 cm3), high temperature (>150 eV), temporally long (>10 ns) hohlraums are unique outside of underground nuclear weapon testing. Analytical scaling arguments and hydrodynamic simulations indicate that these hohlraums at temperatures of 230-300 eV will ignite thermonuclear fuel and drive the reaction to a yield of 200 to 1,000 MJ in the laboratory. x-1 will provide the high-fidelity experimental capability to certify the survivability and performance of non-nuclear weapon components in hostile radiation environments. Non-ignition sources will provide cold x-ray environments (<15 keV), and high yield fusion burn sources will provide high fidelity warm x-ray environments (15 keV-80 keV).

关键词： x ray production

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Study of tissue fluorescence based on electromagnetic inelastic scattering theory

Study of tissue fluorescence based on electromagnetic inelas...

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3rd conference on advances in Laser and Light Spectroscopy to Diagnose Cancer and Other Diseases - Optical Biopsy

作者： PanouDiamandi, O Uzunoglu, NK Koutsouris, D Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Athens 10682 42 Patission str. Greece

ISBN: (纸本)0819420530

In this study a rigorous approach to tissue fluorescence is presented, based on the study of tissue fluorescence as an electromagnetic scattering problem. Fluorescence scattered wave is treated by taking a continuous spectrum distribution in a region of frequencies lower and equal to the excitation frequency. The existence of inelastic field components can be considered as a result of the particular form, that the polarization of the irradiated medium has. In order to provide the most general formulation, the polarization vector (P) under bar for the observed light frequency omega can be written as [GRAPHICS] where (E) under bar((r) under bar,omega') is the electric field at the excitation frequency omega' and tau(omega,omega') the transfer permittivity function from omega' at the spatial point (r) under bar, to the emission frequency omega, measured at the same point. Substitution of the polarization vector into the electromagnetic field equations leads to a formulation of the inelastic field components. The model used is based on considering tissue as a single dielectric layer, under pulse excitation. The theoretical background for such an evaluation, together with the mathematical technique used and the theoretical results, are presented.

关键词： tissue fluorescence inelastic scattering tissue optics

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x-ray Microscopy III 1

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丛书名： Springer Series in Optical Sciences

1000年

作者： Alan G. Michette Graeme R. Morrison Chistopher J. Buckley

ISBN: (数字)9783540468875

ISBN: (纸本)9783662138946

The growth of interest and research activity in x -ray microscopy is reflected in the increasing size and scope of a related series of international conferences, the latest of which (xRM90) was held at King's College London (3-7 September 1990) with over 130 delegates. Previous conferences in Gottingen and Brookhaven resulted in books in the Springer Series in Optical Sciences, and this volume, the proceedings of xRM90, maintains this tradition. Because of the large number of papers their lengths were strictly limited and, while most papers can be directly identified with conference presentations, in a few cases those on similar topics by the same authors have been combined into a longer paper to allow better use of the space. The book is divided into six parts, with Parts IT-VI covering the major areas of interest at the conference. In Part 1 are two overviews; Ron Burge presented the opening paper of the conference, while the closing, summary, contrlbution by Janos Kirz is included here as a comprehensive introduction to the remainder of the book. Part IT covers developments in x -ray sources and optics. The high average brightnesses of synchrotron radiation sources have made many applications pos sible, while the more convenient, laboratory-based, plasma sources offer much promise for the future. Several contributions report significant advances in x-ray optics, which must clearly continue fully to exploit the latest sources.

关键词： optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices

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