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Synergy between SSM and SAFE in sensor network information processing

Synergy between SSM and SAFE in sensor network information p...

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ieee international conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： S. Sinha Z. Chaczko Engineering Faculty University of Technology Sydney Australia

With the onset of the Internet the perception of computing systems in general has revolutionised. Areas of research have migrated from developing nodes to building networks - thus requiring the need for a variety of information processing techniques, such as clustering, classification, dependency modelling and others. However, the applications of sensor networks are yet to evolve in such proportions. Some of the primary constraints being the resources available in an embedded environment, the need to dynamically configure services to carry out a variety of tasks, communication interfaces and sensing and monitoring techniques. This paper discusses a holonic analysis to aid in mitigating ill-structured and often problematic situations that are often characterized by uncertainty in reasoning and the varying nature of relationships with associated elements. The proposed methodology is a synergy between the classic model derived from soft systems methodology (SSM) and the model of systemic analysis through familiar entities (SAFE). Development of an intelligent security system (ISS) has been considered to be an ideal test-bed for this synergy to go through the phases of problem definition and exploration, development of conceptual models and generation of insight to stimulate acceptable and feasible changes. The technical aspect of this system encompasses the mode of query processing and surveillance through a structured sensor network set up with the aid of distributed services and network protocols.

关键词： Information processing Internet Monitoring Uncertainty Intelligent systems Security System testing Query processing Surveillance sensor systems

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Impact of application-driven multi-radio emulation in embedded devices on IETF LoWPAN standards

Impact of application-driven multi-radio emulation in embedd...

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ieee/IFIP international conference in Central Asia on Internet (ICI)

作者： Javohir Azizov Olim Hidoev Jamshid Sangirov Dilshod Rahmatov Information and Communications University Tashkent University of Information Technology South Korea

As global standards evolve on WPAN mobility, engineering design becomes more challenging for sensor nodes that form WPAN groups at random based on data sensing and acquisition (application) profiles. As sensor node platforms typically have computation blocks that can handle a minimal set of instructions (8 bit microcontrollers and less) and are greatly constrained (8KB static firmware footprint and 64KB RAM), the clear challenge in supporting multi-applications (and hence multi-radios) to enhance the sensor 's functionalities is the implementation of different radio and application profile stacks on the embedded system. The main design bottlenecks are system architecture optimization for multi-radio stacks, application-driven PHY/MAC emulation in the 8KB static firmware and of course, ensuring low power and high battery life. Our studies indicate that overcoming these embedded systems engineering bottlenecks in sensor node designs involves rethinking a few standards and raising the need to have new standards in the IETF LoWPAN WG. On this paper, we would like to show the need to introduce a new protocol in the LoWPAN WG derived from overcoming some of the sensor node design bottlenecks in seamless pervasive indoor environments.

关键词： Emulation Design engineering sensor systems and applications Microprogramming Embedded system sensor systems Data engineering Computer aided instruction Embedded computing Microcontrollers

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distributed facility location algorithms for flexible configuration of wireless sensor networks 07

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Proceedings of the 3rd ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems

作者： Christian Frank Kay Römer Department of Computer Science ETH Zurich Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730897

Many self-configuration problems that occur in sensor networks, such as clustering or operator placement for in-network data aggregation, can be modeled as facility location problems. Unfortunately, existing distributed facility location algorithms are hardly applicable to multi-hop sensor networks. Based on an existing centralized algorithm, we therefore devise equivalent distributed versions which, to our knowledge, represent the first distributed approximations of the facility location problem that can be practicably implemented in multihop sensor networks with local communication. Through simulation studies, we demonstrate that, for typical instances derived from sensor-network configuration problems, the algorithms terminate in only few communication rounds, the runtime does not increase with the network size, and, finally, that our implementation requires only local communication confined to small network neighborhoods. In addition, we propose simple extensions to our algorithms to support dynamic networks with varying link qualities and node additions and deletions. Using link quality traces collected from a real sensor network deployment, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms in realistic multi-hop sensor networks.

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Leveraging redundancy in sampling-interpolation applications for sensor networks 07

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Proceedings of the 3rd ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems

作者： Periklis Liaskovits Curt Schurgers University of California San Diego Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730897

An important class of sensor network applications aims at estimating the spatiotemporal behavior of a physical phenomenon, such as temperature variations over an area of interest. These networks thereby essentially act as a distributed sampling system. However, unlike in the event detection class of sensor networks, the notion of sensing range is largely meaningless in this case. As a result, existing techniques to exploit sensing redundancy for event detection, which rely on the existence of such sensing range, become unusable. Instead, this paper presents a new method to exploit redundancy for the sampling class of applications, which adaptively selects the smallest set of reporting sensors to act as sampling points. By projecting the sensor space onto an equivalent Hilbert space, this method ensures sufficiently accurate sampling and interpolation, without a priori knowledge of the statistical structure of the physical process. Results are presented using synthetic sensor data and show significant reductions in the number of active sensors.

关键词： sensor networks hilbert space energy efficiency sensing topology management sampling sensor selection spatial monitoring

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Energy-efficient data acquisition using a distributed and self-organizing scheduling algorithm for wireless sensor networks 07

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Proceedings of the 3rd ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems

作者： Supriyo Chatterjea Tim Nieberg Yang Zhang Paul Havinga Department of Computer Science University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands Research Institute for Discrete Mathematics University of Bonn Bonn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730897

Wireless sensor networks are often densely deployed for environmental monitoring applications. Collecting raw data from these networks can lead to excessive energy consumption. Thus using the spatial and temporal correlations that exist between adjacent nodes we appoint a few as representative nodes that perform in-network aggregation. This reduces the total number of transmissions. Our distributed scheduling algorithm autonomously assigns a particular node to perform aggregation and reassigns schedules when network topology changes. These topology changes are detected using cross-layer information from the underlying MAC layer. We also present theoretical performance estimates and upper bounds of our algorithm and evaluate it by implementing the algorithm on actual sensor nodes, demonstrating an energy-saving of up to 80% compared to raw data collection.

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Data Salmon: a greedy mobile basestation protocol for efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks 07

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Proceedings of the 3rd ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems

作者： Murat Demirbas Onur Soysal Ali Şaman Tosun Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering University at Buffalo Suny Dept. of Computer Science The University of Texas at San Antonio

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730897

Our work addresses the spatiotemporally varying nature of data traffic in environmental monitoring and surveillance applications. By employing a network-controlled mobile basestation (MB), we present a simple energy-efficient data collection protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In contrast to the existing MB-based solutions where WSN nodes buffer data passively until visited by an MB, our protocol maintains an always-on multihop connectivity to the MB by means of an efficient distributed tracking mechanism. This allows the nodes to forward their data in a timely fashion, avoiding latencies due to long-term buffering. Our protocol progressively relocates the MB closer to the regions that produce higher data rates and reduces the average weighted multihop traffic, enabling energy savings. Using the convexity of the cost function, we prove that our local and greedy protocol is in fact optimal.

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Design and implementation of a flexible location directory service for tiered sensor networks 07

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Proceedings of the 3rd ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems

作者： Sangeeta Bhattacharya Chien-Liang Fok Chenyang Lu Gruia-Catalin Roman Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730897

Many emergent distributed sensing applications need to keep track of mobile entities across multiple sensor networks connected via an IP network. To simplify the realization of such applications, we present MLDS, a Multi-resolution Location Directory Service for tiered sensor networks. MLDS provides a rich set of spatial query services ranging from simple queries about entity location, to complex nearest neighbor queries. Furthermore, MLDS supports multiple query granularities which allow an application to achieve the desired tradeoff between query accuracy and communication cost. We implemented MLDS on Agimone, a unified middleware for sensor and IP networks. We then deployed and evaluated the service on a tiered testbed consisting of tmote nodes and base stations. Our experimental results show that, when compared to a centralized approach, MLDS achieves significant savings in communication cost while still providing a high degree of accuracy, both within a single sensor network and across multiple sensor networks.

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Optimizing end to end routing performance in wireless sensor networks 07

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Proceedings of the 3rd ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems

作者： Chen Wang Guokai Zeng Li Xiao Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730897

The geographic routing is an ideal approach to realize pointto-point routing in wireless sensor networks because packets can be delivered by only maintaining a small set of neighbors' physical positions. The geographic routing assumes that a packet can be moved closer to the destination in the network topology if it is moved geographically closer to the destination in the physical space. This assumption, however, only holds in an ideal model where uniformly distributed nodes communicate with neighbors through wireless channels with perfect reception. Because this model oversimplifies the spatial complexity of a wireless sensor network, the geographic routing may often lead a packet to the local minimum or low quality route. Unlike the geographic forwarding, the ETX-embedding proposed in this paper can accurately encode both a network's topological structure and channel quality to small size nodes' virtual coordinates, which makes it possible for greedy forwarding to guide a packet along an optimal routing path. Our performance evaluation based on both the MICA2 sensor platform and TOSSIM simulator shows that the greedy forwarding based on ETX-embedding outperforms previous geographic routing approaches.

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Mobile anchor-free localization for wireless sensor networks 07

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Proceedings of the 3rd ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems

作者： Yurong Xu Yi Ouyang Zhengyi Le James Ford Fillia Makedon DevLab Computer Science Department Dartmouth College and Heracleia Lab Univ. of Texas at Arlington

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730897

In this paper, we consider how to localize individual nodes in a wireless sensor network when some subset of the network nodes can be in motion at any given time. For situations in which it is not practical or cost-efficient to use GPS or anchor nodes, this paper proposes an Anchor-Free Mobile Geographic distributed Localization (MGDL) algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Taking advantage of the accelerometers that are present in standard motes, MGDL estimates the distance moved by each node. If this distance is beyond a threshold, then this node will trigger a series of mobile localization procedures to recalculate and update its location in the node itself. Such procedures will be stopped when the node stops moving. Data collected using Tmote Invent nodes (Moteiv Inc.) and simulations show that the proposed detection method can efficiently detect the movement, and that the localization is accurate and the communication is efficient in different static and mobile contexts.

关键词： wireless sensor networks mobility localization

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A connectivity based partition approach for node scheduling in sensor networks 07

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Proceedings of the 3rd ieee international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems

作者： Yong Ding Chen Wang Li Xiao Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State University

ISBN: (纸本)9783540730897

This paper presents a Connectivity based Partition Approach (CPA) to reduce the energy consumption of a sensor network by sleep scheduling among sensor nodes. CPA partitions sensors into groups such that a connected backbone network can be maintained by keeping only one arbitrary node from each group in active status while putting others to sleep. Nodes within each group swap between active and sleeping status occasionally to balance the energy consumption. Unlike previous approaches that partition nodes geographically, CPA is based on the measured connectivity between pairwise nodes and does not depend on nodes' locations. In this paper, we formulate node scheduling as a constrained optimal graph partition problem, and propose CPA as a distributed heuristic partition algorithm. CPA can ensure k-vertex connectivity of the backbone network for its partition so as to achieve the trade-off between saving energy and preserving network communication quality. Moreover, simulation results show that CPA outperforms other approaches in complex environments where the ideal radio propagation model does not hold.

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