Current research efforts in grid computing show that the available grid resources exist as non-storable compute cycles (grid compute commodities) and distributed geographically across dissimilar organizations with div...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769530642
Current research efforts in grid computing show that the available grid resources exist as non-storable compute cycles (grid compute commodities) and distributed geographically across dissimilar organizations with diverse resources usage polices. Therefore, guaranteeing grid resources availability as well as pricing them raises a number of challenging issues in several areas of computer applications. To guarantee QoS we propose a price-based, quality-aware model. We design and develop our model using the financial option theory from a real option perspective and value the grid resources by treating them as real assets. Our hybridized model combines both advantages of fuzzy logic reasoning and real options of a decision-based system. We have taken into account the fact that the grid resources availability depend on the time of use and are transient, and hence solutions from our model captures the realistic value of the grid resources and guarantees the certainly in the resources availability.
Our experiences deploying a wide area wireless sensor network (WSN) in the wildfires of Idaho motivate the need for a software middleware system capable of remotely managing many sensor nodes deployed in widely dispar...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424407385
Our experiences deploying a wide area wireless sensor network (WSN) in the wildfires of Idaho motivate the need for a software middleware system capable of remotely managing many sensor nodes deployed in widely disparate geographic regions. This requirement is unlike the localized focus of many traditional WSN middleware systems, which manage a group of sensor nodes deployed in a single small region, e.g. a warehouse or lab. We describe in this paper SWARMS, a wide area sensor network management system. The SWARMS architecture is designed for scalability and flexibility, while providing an infrastructure to manage in situ sensor nodes, e.g. upload code images, retrieve diagnostics, etc. To demonstrate its flexibility, we present two deployments of SWARMS, the first in a wide area weather sensor network, and the second in a local area testbed that was used by a class of graduate students. To demonstrate its scalability, we analyze the performance of SWARMS when the middleware is subject to sensor data loads of thousands of packets per second.
Aiming at the application scene with both burst signals and periodic signals, this paper proposes a cluster-based wireless sensor network MAC protocol combining TDMA, FDMA with CSMA/CA-CBPMAC/TFC(A Cluster-based Wirel...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413119
Aiming at the application scene with both burst signals and periodic signals, this paper proposes a cluster-based wireless sensor network MAC protocol combining TDMA, FDMA with CSMA/CA-CBPMAC/TFC(A Cluster-based Wireless sensor Network MAC Protocol for the System with Burst and Periodic Signals/Based on TDMA, FDMA, CSMA/CA). It adopts TDMA mechanism in the clusters, and assigns time-slots for periodic signals and burst signals respectively. In the periodic signal time-slot, only one child node sends its periodic signal, while in the burst signal time-slots, all the child nodes share the channel according to CSMA/CA mechanism. Among different clusters, FDMA mechanism is adopted. Different cluster works at different frequency channel, so they can work simultaneously. For the requirement of synchronization, a cluster-head-based relative time synchronization mechanism is proposed. In addition, the alternation strategy of cluster heads and the disposal strategy of malfunctions are introduced. Analysis and test results show that the protocol could meet the system requirements in reliability, real-time response and energy efficiency.
Service Composition in MANETs may suffer from overburden when computing optimal composition for complex service requirement on one pervasive device. To address this challenge, the paper presents a fully decentralized ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413119
Service Composition in MANETs may suffer from overburden when computing optimal composition for complex service requirement on one pervasive device. To address this challenge, the paper presents a fully decentralized framework for service composition in MANETs. Firstly, it arranges heterogeneous devices into a hierarchical service overlay network and forms a service graph in proactive manner upon the overlay. Secondly, it distributes processing load for one composition to multiple overlay nodes by splitting and merging request into multiple simpler sub request graph based on heuristic scheme. It can provide balanced load and high scalability when composition requirement Is complex, while achieve approximate optimality of the composition result. Experimental results demonstrate that the effectiveness of our solution.
In this paper, an adaptive energy-efficient and low-latency MAC (L-MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks is proposed. In this protocol, nodes have three modes-sleeping, receiving and sending. Each node goes to sl...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413119
In this paper, an adaptive energy-efficient and low-latency MAC (L-MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks is proposed. In this protocol, nodes have three modes-sleeping, receiving and sending. Each node goes to sleep periodically to save energy. L-MAC delays the receiving and sending period hop by hop, so that when one node is in sending mode, its lower-hop node is in receiving mode. After receiving a message from upper-hop node, each node can transmit it to lower-hop node in the sequent sending period. Therefore, the multi-hop end-to-end delay due to periodical sleeping is reduced greatly. Furthermore, an adaptive sleeping scheme which makes the nodes with lower traffic have longer time to sleep is adopted to save more energy. Simulation results show that L-MAC achieves lower energy consumption and latency than traditional contention-based protocols.
Ubiquitous healthcare applications envision future computing and networking environments as being filled with sensors that can determine various types of contexts of its inhabitants, such as location, activity and vit...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780769528892
Ubiquitous healthcare applications envision future computing and networking environments as being filled with sensors that can determine various types of contexts of its inhabitants, such as location, activity and vital signs. While such information is useful in providing context-sensitive services to the inhabitants to promote intelligent independent living, however in reality, both sensed and interpreted contexts may often be ambiguous. Thus, a challenge facing the development of realistic and deployable context-aware services is the ability to handle ambiguous contexts to prevent hazardous situations. In this paper, we propose a framework which supports efficient context-aware data fusion for healthcare applications that assume contexts could be ambiguous. Our framework provides a systematic approach to derive context fragments, and deal with context ambiguity in a probabilistic manner. We also incorporate the ability to represent contexts within the applications, and the ability to easily compose rules to mediate ambiguous contexts. Through simulation and analysis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework for monitoring elderly people in the smart home environment.
Many scheduling and clustering schemes have been proposed for sensor networks to improve energy efficiency. However, most traditional scheduling and clustering schemes do not take into account directional and uneven d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413119
Many scheduling and clustering schemes have been proposed for sensor networks to improve energy efficiency. However, most traditional scheduling and clustering schemes do not take into account directional and uneven data traffic, which makes higher burden nodes drain energy more rapidly. This paper combines clustering and scheduling technologies to improve energy efficiency for homogeneous sensor networks with high node density by balancing power consumption throughout the network. In this algorithm, because the node density is high, only the clusterhead keeps active, while others are in sleep state with negligible power consumption. By rotating the role of the clusterhead, the power consumption is balanced among the nodes. Furthermore, the clusters are partitioned in such a way that their total energy stored is proportional to their burdens in order to equalize cluster lifetime. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm indeed improves energy efficiency.
In Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs), lifetime and failure-tolerance seem to be a part of contradiction. The traditional spanning tree mostly focuses on network lifetime, and use data-aggregation to save network energy....
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413119
In Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs), lifetime and failure-tolerance seem to be a part of contradiction. The traditional spanning tree mostly focuses on network lifetime, and use data-aggregation to save network energy. In order to keep the whole network available during nodes failure, a routing protocol that is called Balanced-Alternative Spanning Tree (BAST) is proposed. This routing protocol has two different strategies in the normal case and nodes failure case. Since the routing protocol use directed construction and reconstruction methods, it can harmonize the energy efficiency and failure-tolerance on a desired balance. In this paper, the construction and working principles of Balanced-Alternative communication tree are discussed. For overcoming the frangibility of traditional spanning tree, reconstruction scenario of tree-based communication path is emphatically explored. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is evaluated from the effect of energy efficiency to the failure-tolerance. With the simulation, the performance of BAST is verified to be efficient and available.
Time synchronization is a crucial mechanism for wireless sensor networks, so it is a natural target of the adversaries. Errors in data aggregation and failures of other mechanisms will happen as a result of imprecise ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413119
Time synchronization is a crucial mechanism for wireless sensor networks, so it is a natural target of the adversaries. Errors in data aggregation and failures of other mechanisms will happen as a result of imprecise time synchronization. The well-known mu TESLA protocol can be employed to authenticate broadcast packets in secure time synchronization mechanisms. Unfortunately, nodes and base station should be loosely synchronized for, mu TESLA to function. It appears to be a dilemma that time synchronization is required to achieve time synchronization. A separate synchronization mechanism is employed in some other scheme just to escape from such a dilemma. It is shown in this paper that it is NOT necessary to assist mu TESLA with any separate mechanism. Shaking off an unnecessary burden, we propose ASTS (Agile Secure Time Synchronization), a much more lightweight scheme. We build an experiment network with 32 mica2 motes to evaluate the performance of ASTS. It is shown that the synchronization error of ASTS is as low as several microseconds, matching the best possible time synchronization protocols.
Energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in the Wireless sensor Network (WSN) to improve the lifetime of the entire network. Cluster-based and chain-based protocols reduce the total energy con...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424413119
Energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in the Wireless sensor Network (WSN) to improve the lifetime of the entire network. Cluster-based and chain-based protocols reduce the total energy consumption via data aggregation, and balance energy consumption via cluster-head (CH) or leader rotation. However, most existing protocols focus on the load balance within each cluster. The energy consumption of the entire network is still unbalanced In this paper, we propose a novel Load Balance and Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm (LBEERA) for efficient data gathering in WSN. LBEERA is centralized controlled by the base station (BS) and utilizes the structure of layered chain. Furthermore, an improved PEGASIS chain construction algorithm is presented for LBEERA. Our analysis and simulation results show that LBEERA achieves better load balance than several existing protocols, increases network lifetime and reduces the pocket delivering delay.
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