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Testing reflectance models against radiance data

Testing reflectance models against radiance data

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： H. Ragheb A. Robles-Kelly E.R. Hancock Department of Computer Science University of York York UK Department of Computer Engineering Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran

We describe an empirical investigation of departures from Lambert's law for rough and shiny surfaces. We commence by using a recently reported method to recover estimates of the surface radiance function for objects illuminated in the viewer direction. This method is nonparametric, and offers the advantage that it is simple to use since it does not require detailed camera calibration. We compare the radiance data with a number of phenomenological and physics-based reflectance models. The models studied include those of Oren-Nayar, Wolff and different variants of the Beckmann model. The main conclusion of the study is that among these models the best fit to the empirical data is found to be the Wolff model for smooth objects and the modified Beckmann model for rough objects.

关键词： Testing Reflectivity Rough surfaces Surface roughness Light scattering Computer vision Computer graphics Surface waves Computer science Cameras

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Small CPU times and fast interactivity in sonar seabottom surveys

Small CPU times and fast interactivity in sonar seabottom su...

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： R.E. Loke J.M.H. du Buf Vision Laboratory Department of Electronics and Computer Science University of Algarve Faro Portugal

Sonar profiling of the seabottom provide 3d data sets that can cover huge survey areas with many gaps. We describe a multiresolution framework or visualization pipeline that is being optimized for dealing with such data, taking into account both the CPU time and the user interactivity. We describe the techniques employed: (a) the construction of a quadtree that allows to eliminate gaps by interpolating available 3d data, (b) a first but coarse visualization at a high tree level in order to rapidly change or adjust the region of interest, and (c) a very efficient triangulation (mesh reduction) that allows for a fast interactivity even at the highest detail level. By using one single octree, all processing can be combined because (1) gaps can be filled by interpolation since they are smaller at higher tree levels, and (2) connected components can be projected down the tree and refined using the data available there. As a result, huge data sets can be visualized in near realtime on normally-sized discrete grids using shading instead of wireframes, and this enables a fast searching for objects in the seabottom. Real CPU times are presented for a real sonar data set which is visualized at a low resolution, showing the overall shape of the seabottom, and at a high resolution, showing a (semi)buried pipeline. In order to detect an object at such a high resolution additional techniques are applied to the data: (a) an interslice interpolation in order to cope with the increased data sparseness and (b) a maximum-homogeneity filtering in order to cope with the decreased signal-to-noise-ratio. After the extraction of the pipeline a thinning technique is applied in order to be able to quantify its length.

关键词： Sonar data visualization Signal resolution Pipelines Interpolation Shape Object detection Filtering Signal to noise ratio data mining

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Surface normals and height from non-Lambertian image data

Surface normals and height from non-Lambertian image data

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： H. Ragheb E.R. Hancock Department of Computer Science University of York York UK Department of Computer Engineering Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran

It is well known that many surfaces exhibit reflectance that is not well modelled by Lambert's law. This is the case not only for surfaces that are rough or shiny, but also those that are matte and composed of materials that are particle suspensions. As a result, standard Lambertian shape-from-shading methods cannot be applied directly to the analysis of rough and shiny surfaces. In order to overcome this difficulty, we consider how to reconstruct the Lambertian component for rough and shiny surfaces when the object is illuminated in the viewing direction. To do this we make use of the diffuse reflectance models described by Oren and Nayar, and by Wolff. Our experiments with synthetic and real-world data reveal the effectiveness of the correction method, leading to improved surface normal and height recovery.

关键词： Rough surfaces Surface roughness Surface topography Reflectivity Surface reconstruction Brightness Light scattering Computer science Suspensions Image reconstruction

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Adaptive space carving

Adaptive space carving

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： A.A. Montenegro M. Gattass P.C.P. Carvalho L.C.P.R. Velho Instituto de Matemáatica Pura e Aplicada Brazil Departmento de Informática PUC-Rio Brazil

In this work, we present an adaptive space carving method for scene reconstruction from a set of images obtained from low cost calibrated Webcams. Our method uses a combination of silhouette and photometric information to efficiently carve the shape of the observed scene out of a volumetric space represented by an octree data structure. In this method different resolutions are considered both in object space and in image space. This led us to adopt a strategy in which the information used by the photo-consistency test is registered in scene space by projective texture mapping. Another important question addressed in this work is the high level of noise present in low cost Webcams. To deal with this problem we devised a statistical photo-consistency test that uses statistical estimators for the noise introduced by the sensors of the cameras.

关键词： Layout Costs Testing Image reconstruction Photometry Shape data structures Image resolution Noise level Cameras

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Fast and robust bore detection in range image data for industrial automation

Fast and robust bore detection in range image data for indus...

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： G. Biegelbauer M. Vincze Automation and Control Institute University of Technology Vienna Vienna Austria

This work presents a fast and robust method to precisely segment and locate bore holes of 4 to 50mm diameter. The task is solved by a robot moving a compact triangulation scanning sensor to all sides of the object and scanning the bore holes. Exploiting the knowledge about the expected bore diameter and bore pose makes it possible to develop highly robust algorithms for an industrial application. Sparse data of the bore hole is sufficient to segment the bore independent of bore hole chamfer type using a robust normal vector fit and a classification based on the Gaussian image. A sequential algorithm to fit the bore cylinder makes it possible to calculate the bore pose in less than 1 second. Experiments demonstrate that 120 degrees of the bore hole surface are sufficient for robust localization within 0.3mm and 0.5 degrees even in the presence of ghost points and notches in the bore holes.

关键词： Robustness Boring Inspection Endoscopes Robotics and automation Image segmentation Robot sensing systems data visualization Automatic control Robust control

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Speech-driven face synthesis from 3d video

Speech-driven face synthesis from 3D video

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： I.A. Ypsilos A. Hilton A. Turkmani P.J.B. Jackson Centre for Vision Speech and Signal Processing University of Surrey Guildford UK

We present a framework for speech-driven synthesis of real faces from a corpus of 3d video of a person speaking. Video-rate capture of dynamic 3d face shape and colour appearance provides the basis for a visual speech synthesis model. A displacement map representation combines face shape and colour into a 3d video. This representation is used to efficiently register and integrate shape and colour information captured from multiple views. To allow visual speech synthesis viseme primitives are identified from the corpus using automatic speech recognition. A novel nonrigid alignment algorithm is introduced to estimate dense correspondence between 3d face shape and appearance for different visemes. The registered displacement map representation together with a novel optical flow optimisation using both shape and colour, enables accurate and efficient nonrigid alignment. Face synthesis from speech is performed by concatenation of the corresponding viseme sequence using the nonrigid correspondence to reproduce both 3d face shape and colour appearance. Concatenative synthesis reproduces both viseme timing and co-articulation. Face capture and synthesis has been performed for a database of 51 people. Results demonstrate synthesis of 3d visual speech animation with a quality comparable to the captured video of a person.

关键词： Speech synthesis Facial animation Shape Face detection Image reconstruction Image motion analysis Production Signal synthesis Optical films Optical sensors

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data-driven approaches to digital human modeling

Data-driven approaches to digital human modeling

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international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： N. Magnenat-Thalmann H. Seo MIRALaboratory University of Genova Geneve Switzerland

data-driven approach is an appealing way to depict people in a virtual world. The captured shape and movement data from real people are structured and combined to reproduce or create new samples in an intuitive and controllable way. We focus on the body shape modeling and elucidate the issues related to data-driven methods. The difficulty of adopting data-driven approach for human body shape modeling is due in part to the intrinsic articulated structure of the body. Since such internal structure is not measured with most of existing capture devices available today, it has to be calculated through estimation. We develop a framework for collecting and managing range scan data that automatically estimates this structure from user-tagged landmarks. By framing the captured and structurally annotated data so that statistic implicit is exploited for synthesizing new body shapes, our technique support time-saving generation of animatable body models with high realism.

关键词： Humans Biological system modeling Animation Shape control Speech synthesis Computer graphics Character generation Statistics deformable models Focusing

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Hierarchical 3d surface reconstruction based on radial basis functions

Hierarchical 3D surface reconstruction based on radial basis...

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： P. dalmasso R. Nerino Istituto Electtrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris Torino Italy

Volumetric methods based on implicit surfaces are commonly used in surface reconstruction from uniformly distributed sparse 3d data. The case of nonuniform distributed data has recently deserved more attention, because it occurs frequently in practice. This work describes a volumetric approach to surface reconstruction from nonuniform data which is suitable for the reconstruction of surfaces from images, in particular from multiple views. differently from volumetric methods which use both 3d surface points and surface normals, the approach does not use the surface normals because they are often unreliable when estimated from image data. The method is based on a hierarchical partitioning of the volume data set. The working volume is split and classified at different scales of spatial resolution into surface, internal and external voxels and this hierarchy is described by an octree structure in a multiscale framework. The octree structure is used to build a multiresolution description of the surface by means of compact support radial basis functions (RBF). A hierarchy of surface approximations at different levels of details is built by representing the voxels at the same octree level as RBF of similar spatial support. At each scale, information related to the reconstruction error drives the reconstruction process at the following finer scale. Preliminary results on synthetic data and future perspectives are presented.

关键词： Surface reconstruction Image reconstruction Spatial resolution Least squares approximation Computer errors Computer vision Computer graphics Application software Layout Active noise reduction

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Realistic models of children heads from 3d-MRI segmentation and tetrahedral mesh construction

Realistic models of children heads from 3D-MRI segmentation ...

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： J. Burguet N. Gadi I. Bloch Department TSI-CNRS UMR 5141 LTCI Ecole Nationale Superieure des Télécommunications Paris France

In order to analyze the sensitivity of children to RF fields and mobile phones in particular, the SAR (specific absorption ratio) defined as the power absorbed by a unit of mass of tissues (W/kg) should be computed based on a numerical model of the head. We propose to build realistic models from 3d-MRI of children heads. The method is composed of two steps. The first one consists in segmenting the main tissues in these images (skin, fat, muscles, cortical and marrow bones, cerebrospinal fluid, grey and white matter, blood, etc.). The segmentation is based on mathematical morphology methods which are well adapted to this aim and provide a robust and automatic method requiring minimum user intervention. Using simplified segmented images, the second step concerns the tetrahedral mesh generation. Our method uses almost regular meshes and topological tools to preserve the topological arrangement of the head tissues. A method to guarantee a good geometrical quality is also provided.

关键词： Head Image segmentation Radio frequency Mobile handsets Specific absorption rate Numerical models Skin Muscles Bones Blood

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Interactive walkthroughs using "morphable 3d-mosaics"

Interactive walkthroughs using "morphable 3D-mosaics"

引用

international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： N. Komodakis G. Pagonis G. Tziritas Computer Science Department University of Crete Heraklion Greece

This work presents a hybrid (geometry- & image-based) technique suitable for providing interactive walkthroughs of large, complex outdoor scenes. Motion is restricted along a smooth predefined path and the input to the system is a sparse set of stereoscopic views at certain points (key-positions) along that path (one view per position). An approximate local 3d model is constructed from each view, capable of capturing photometric and geometric properties of the scene only locally. Then during the rendering process, a continuous morphing (both photometric & geometric) takes place between successive local 3d models, using what we call a "morphable 3d-model". The morphing proceeds in a physically-valid way. For this reason, a wide-baseline image matching technique is proposed, handling cases where the wide baseline between the two images is mainly due to a looming of the camera. Our system can be extended in the event of multiple stereoscopic views (and therefore multiple local models) per key-position of the path (related by a camera rotation). In that case one local 3d-mosaic (per key-position) is constructed comprising all local 3d models therein and a "morphable 3d-mosaic" is used during the rendering process. A partial-differential equation is adopted to handle the problem of geometric consistency of each 3d-mosaic.

关键词： Layout Solid modeling Photometry Rendering (computer graphics) Cameras Large-scale systems Image matching Computer science Equations Computer graphics

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