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Automatic passive recovery of 3d from images and video

Automatic passive recovery of 3D from images and video

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international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： d. Nister Department of Computer Science Center of Visualization and Virtual Environments University of Kentucky USA

This paper gives a summary of automatic passive reconstruction of 3d scenes from images and video. Features are tracked between the images. Relative camera poses are then estimated based on the feature tracks. Both the feature tracking and the robust method used to estimate the camera poses has recently been shown to provide robust real-time performance. Given the camera poses, a more elaborate method is used to derive dense textured surfaces. The dense reconstruction method was originally part of the authors thesis [d. Nister (2001)]. It first computes depth maps using graph cuts, optimizing a Bayesian formulation. The graph cut operation is used to let depth map hypotheses from various sources compete in order to optimize the cost function. The hypothesis generators used are feature based surface triangulation, plane fitting and multihypothesis multiscale patch-based stereo. The requirements for a cost function to fit into the graph cut framework were already given in [d. Nister (2001)], along with a procedure for constructing the graph weights corresponding to any cost function that satisfies the requirements. depth maps from many different viewpoints are then robustly fused to give a consistent global result using a process called median fusion. The robustness of the median fusion is important. It departs from the too common practice of fusing results by either using the union of free-space constraints as the resulting free-space, or the union of all predicted surfaces as the resulting surfaces, which is tremendously error-prone, since it essentially corresponds to taking either the minimum or maximum of the individual results.

关键词： Robustness Cameras Cost function Surface fitting Image reconstruction Layout Surface reconstruction Surface texture Reconstruction algorithms Bayesian methods

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Enhanced vector quantization for data reduction and filtering

Enhanced vector quantization for data reduction and filterin...

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international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： S. Ferrari I. Frosio V. Piuri N.A. Borghese Department of Computer Science MAVR laboratory University of Milano Milano Italy Department of Information Technologies University of Milano Crema Italy

Modern automatic digitizers can sample huge amounts of 3d data points on the object surface in a short time. Point based graphics is becoming a popular framework to reduce the cardinality of these data sets and to filter measurement noise, without having to store in memory and process mesh connectivity. Main contribution of this paper is the introduction of soft clustering techniques in the field of point clouds processing. In this approach data points are not assigned to a single cluster, but they contribute in the determination of the position of several cluster centres. As a result a better representation of the data is achieved. In soft clustering techniques, a data set is represented with a reduced number of points called reference vectors (RV), which minimize an adequate error measure. As the position of the RVs is determined by "learning", which can be viewed as an iterative optimization procedure, they are inherently slow. We show here how partitioning the data domain into disjointed regions called hyperboxes (HB), the computation can be localized and the computational time reduced to linear in the number of data points (O(N)), saving more than 75% on real applications with respect to classical soft-VQ solutions, making therefore VQ suitable to the task. The procedure is suitable for a parallel HW implementation, which would lead to a complexity sublinear in N. An automatic procedure for setting the voxel side and the other parameters can be derived from the data-set analysis. Results obtained in the reconstruction of faces of both humans and puppets as well as on models from clouds of points made available on the Web are reported and discussed in comparison with other available methods.

关键词： Vector quantization Clouds Filtering Graphics Filters Noise measurement Noise reduction data analysis Face Humans

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User-controlled simplification of polygonal models

User-controlled simplification of polygonal models

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international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： M. Hussain Y. Okada K. Niijima Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan PRESTO JST Intelligent Cooperation and Control Japan

Polygonal models are ubiquitous in computer graphics but their real time manipulation and rendering especially in interactive application environments have become a threat because of their huge sizes and complexity. A whole family of automatic algorithms emerged during the last decade to help out this problem, but they reduce the complexity of the models uniformly without caring about semantic importance of localized parts of a mesh. Only a few algorithms deal with adaptive simplification of polygonal models. We propose a new model for user-driven simplification exploiting the simplification hierarchy and hypertriangulation model [P. Cignoni et al.] that lends a user the most of the functionalities of existing adaptive simplification algorithms in one place and is quite simple to implement. The proposed new underlying data structures are compact and support real time navigation across continuous LOds of a model; any desirable LOd can be extracted efficiently and can further be fine-tuned. The proposed model for adaptive simplification supports two key operations for selective refinement and selective simplification; their effect has been shown on various polygonal models. Comparison with related work shows that the proposed model provides combined environment at reduced overhead of memory space usage and faster running times.

关键词： data visualization Computer graphics Application software Face Level control Information science Intelligent control Automatic control Size control Rendering (computer graphics)

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Fast interpolated cameras by combining a GPU based plane sweep with a max-flow regularisation algorithm

Fast interpolated cameras by combining a GPU based plane swe...

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international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： I. Geys T.P. Koninckx L. Van Gool ESAT / PSI-VISICS Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium D-ITET / BIWI Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Switzerland

The work presents a method for the high speed calculation of crude depth maps. Performance and applicability are illustrated for view interpolation based on two input video streams, but the algorithm is perfectly amenable to multicamera environments. First a fast plane sweep algorithm generates the crude depth map. Speed results from hardware accelerated transformations and parallel processing available on the GPU. All computations on the graphical board are performed pixel-wise and a single pass of the sweep only processes one input resolution. A second step uses a min-cut/max-flow algorithm to ameliorate the previous result. The depth map, a noisy interpolated image and correlation measures are available on the GPU. They are reused and combined with spatial connectivity information and temporal continuity considerations in a graph formulation. Position dependent sampling densities allow the system to use multiple image resolutions. The min-cut separation of this graph yields the global minimum of the associated energy function. Limiting the search range according to the initialisation provided by the plane sweep further speeds up the process. The required hardware is only two cameras and a regular PC.

关键词： Cameras Interpolation Streaming media Hardware Layout dynamic programming Optimization methods Rendering (computer graphics) Paper technology Acceleration

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A variational analysis of shape from specularities using sparse data

A variational analysis of shape from specularities using spa...

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international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： J.K. Solem H. Aanaes A. Heyden School of Technology and Society Malmö University Sweden Informatics and Mathematical Modelling Technical University of Denmark Denmark

Looking around in our every day environment, many of the encountered objects are specular to some degree. Actively using this fact when reconstructing objects from image sequences is the scope of the shape from specularities problem. One reason why this problem is important is that standard structure from motion techniques fail when the object surfaces are specular. Here this problem is addressed by estimating surface shape using information from the specular reflections. A specular reflection gives constraints on the surface normal. The approach differs significantly from many earlier shapes from specularities methods since the normal data used is sparse. The main contribution is to give a solid foundation for shape from specularities problems. Estimation of surface shape using reflections is formulated as a variational problem and the surface is represented implicitly using a level set formulation. A functional incorporating all surface constraints is proposed and the corresponding level set motion PdE is explicitly derived. This motion is then proven to minimize the functional. As a part of this functional a variational approach to normal alignment is proposed and analyzed. Also novel methods for implicit surface interpolation to sparse point sets are presented together with a variational analysis. Experiments on both real and synthetic data support the proposed method.

关键词： Shape Surface reconstruction Image reconstruction Layout Optical reflection Level set Rough surfaces Surface roughness Surface fitting Cameras

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Robust structure from motion under weak perspective

Robust structure from motion under weak perspective

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international symposium on 3d data processing visualization and transmission

作者： L. Hajder d. Chetverikov I. van Vajk Budapest Hungary Budapest University슠of슠Technology슠and슠Economics Budapest Hungary

It is widely known that, for the affine camera model, both shape and motion data can be factorized directly from the measurement matrix constructed from 2d image points coordinates. However, classical algorithms for structure from motion (SfM) are not robust: measurement outliers, that is, incorrectly detected or matched feature points can destroy the result. A few methods to robustify SfM have already been proposed. different outlier detection schemes have been used. We examine an efficient algorithm by Trajkovic et al. (1997) who use affine camera model and the least median of squares (LMedS) method to separate inliers from outliers. LMedS is only applicable when the ratio of inliers exceeds 50%. We show that the least trimmed squares (LTS) method is more efficient in robust SfM than LMedS. In particular, we demonstrate that LTS can handle inlier ratios below 50%. We also show that using the real (Euclidean) motion data results in a more precise SfM algorithm that using the affine camera model. Based on these observations, we propose a novel robust SfM algorithm and discuss its advantages and limits. The proposed method and the Trajkovic procedure are quantitatively compared on synthetic data in different simulated situations. The methods are also tested on synthesized and real video sequences.

关键词： Robustness Cameras Computer vision Shape measurement Motion measurement Video sequences Automation Coordinate measuring machines Motion detection Computational modeling

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Compression of IP images for autostereoscopic 3d imaging applications 3

Compression of IP images for autostereoscopic 3D imaging app...

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3rd international symposium on Image and Signal processing and Analysis (ISPA)

作者： Sgouros, NP Andreou, AG Sangriotis, MS Papageorgas, PG Maroulis, dM Theofanous, NG Univ Athens Dept Informat & Telecommun GR-10679 Athens Greece

ISBN: (纸本)953184061X

An Autostereoscopic 3d viewing system that operates on the principles of Integral Photography-IP provides a unique sense of depth, full parallax and multi-view functionality. The inherent redundancy of these images results into great amounts of data that should be efficiently coded for transmission or storage operations. In this communication a method for efficient coding of such images is presented, targeting to 3d imaging but video applications. The method is based on common techniques broadly used in image compression and properly adjusted in order to take advantage of the spatial redundancies of IP images. The generality and flexibility of the proposed approach along with the stability for a wide range of bit rates constitutes the basic characteristics of the technique. The proposed technique can be easily realized in software or hardware for computer based or standalone applications.

关键词： Glass Image coding Image storage Layout Lenses Liquid crystal displays Microoptics Optical imaging Signal processing algorithms Three dimensional displays

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3d reconstruction of industrial sheetmetal parts with hybrid point-line photogrammetry

3D reconstruction of industrial sheetmetal parts with hybrid...

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3rd international symposium on Multispectral Image processing and Pattern Recognition

作者： Zhang, YJ Zhang, ZX Zhang, JQ Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Coll Hydropower & Informat Engn Wuhan Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)0819451819

A new approach for three-dimensional reconstruction of industrial parts with non-metric image sequences and hybrid point-line photogrammetry is proposed. Non-metric image sequence and CAd-designed data are used as source of information. The strategy of our approach is to reconstruct the parts automatically with points and line segments extracted from imagery. Hybrid point-line photogrammetry is used to reconstruct sheetmetal parts accurately, and the reconstructed model can be used for visualization and inspection. The reconstruction system can run automatically and fastly, and the output of hybrid point-line photogrammetry is the final 3d geometric model of the part. Results of real images of several parts are very satisfying, which shows a promising potential in automatic 3d reconstruction of widely existed industrial parts mainly composed of points and lines.

关键词： image sequence least squares template matching hybrid point-line photogrammetry 3d reconstruction

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dynamic 3d shape from multi-viewpoint images using deformable mesh model 3

Dynamic 3D shape from multi-viewpoint images using deformabl...

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3rd international symposium on Image and Signal processing and Analysis (ISPA)

作者： Nobuhara, S Matsuyama, T Kyoto Univ Grad Sch Informat Sakyo Ku Kyoto 6068501 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)953184061X

This paper presents a framework for dynamic 3d shape reconstruction from multi-viewpoint images using a deformable mesh model. With our method, we can obtain 3d shape and 3d motion of the object simultaneously. We represent the shape by a surface mesh model and the motion by translations of its vertices, i.e., deformation. Thus global and local topological structure of the mesh are preserved from frame to frame. This helps us to analyse the motion of the object, to compress the 3d data, and so on. Our model deforms its shape so as to satisfy several constraints. This constraint-based deformation provides a computational framework to integrate several reconstruction cues such as surface texture, silhouette, and motion flow observed in multi-viewpoint images.

关键词： deformable models Humans Image motion analysis Image reconstruction Informatics Motion analysis Photometry Shape Surface reconstruction Surface texture

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Widening the remote visualization bottleneck 3

Widening the remote visualization bottleneck

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3rd international symposium on Image and Signal processing and Analysis (ISPA)

作者： Stegmaier, S diepstraten, J Weiler, M Ertl, T Univ Stuttgart Visualizat & Interact Syst Grp D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

ISBN: (纸本)953184061X

With the advent of generic remote visualization solutions, accessing distant graphics resources from the desktop is no longer restricted to specially tailored applications. However current solutions still suffer from poor interactivity due to limited network bandwidth and high latency. In this paper we present several improvements to our remote visualization system in order to overcome these drawbacks. different image compression schemes are evaluated with regard to applicability for scientific visualization, showing that image compression alone cannot guarantee interactive frame rates. Therefore, we furthermore present different techniques for alleviating the bandwidth limit, including quality reduction during user interaction or animations. Latency aspects are addressed by employing multi-threading for asynchronous compression and utilizing features of modern programmable graphics adapters for performing the image compression entirely on the graphics card. The presented ideas are integrated in our remote visualization system without violating universality.

关键词： Analytical models Animation Bandwidth Computational modeling data analysis data visualization Graphics Image coding Interactive systems Personal communication networks

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