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international symposium on information processing in sensor networks (IPSN)

作者： Kevin Klues Guoliang Xing Chenyang Lu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Washington University Saint Louis USA

Radio power management is of paramount concern in wireless sensor networks that must achieve long lifetimes on scarce amounts of energy. While a multitude of power management protocols have been proposed in the past, the lack of system support for flexibly integrating them with a diverse set of applications and network platforms has made them difficult to use. Instead of proposing yet another power management protocol, this paper focuses on providing link layer support towards realizing a unified power management architecture (UPMA) for flexible radio power management in wireless sensor networks. In contrast to the monolithic approaches adopted by existing power management solutions, we provide (1) a set of standard interfaces that allow different power management protocols existing at the link layer to be easily implemented on top of common MAC level functionality, (2) an architectural framework for enabling these protocols to be easily swapped in and out depending on the needs of the applications that require them, and (3) a mechanism for coordinating the existence of multiple applications, each of which may have different requirements for the same underlying power management protocol. We have implemented these features on the Mica2 and Telosb radio stacks in TinyOS-2.0. Microbenchmark results demonstrate that the separation of power management from MAC level functionality incurs a negligible decrease in performance when compared to existing monolithic implementations. Two case studies show that the power management requirements of multiple applications can be easily coordinated, sometimes even resulting in better power savings than any one of them can achieve individually.

关键词： Energy management Radio spectrum management Wireless sensor networks Computer network management Engineering management Power system management Wireless application protocol Computer science Computer architecture Power engineering and energy

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Lucid Dreaming: Reliable Analog Event Detection for Energy-Constrained Applications

Lucid Dreaming: Reliable Analog Event Detection for Energy-C...

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international symposium on information processing in sensor networks (IPSN)

作者： Sasha Jevtic Mathew Kotowsky Robert P. Dick Peter A. Dinda Charles Dowding Northwestern University USA infrastructure Technology Inst. Northwestern University USA Civil& Environmental Engg. Northwestern University USA

Existing sensor network architectures are based on the assumption that data will be polled. Therefore, they are not adequate for long-term battery-powered use in applications that must sense or react to events that occur at unpredictable times. In response, and motivated by a structural autonomous crack monitoring (ACM) application from civil engineering that requires bursts of high resolution sampling in response to aperiodic vibrations in buildings and bridges, we have designed, implemented, and evaluated lucid dreaming, a hardware-software technique to dramatically decrease sensor node power consumption in this and other event- driven sensing applications. This work makes the following main contributions: (1) we have identified the key mismatches between existing, polling-based, sensor network architectures and event-driven applications; (2) we have proposed a hardware-software technique to permit the power-efficient use of sensor networks in event-driven applications; (3) we have analytically characterized the situations in which the proposed technique is appropriate; and (4) we have designed, implemented, and tested a hardware-software solution for standard Crossbow motes that embodies the proposed technique. In the building and bridge structural integrity monitoring application, the proposed technique achieves 1/245 the power consumption of existing sensor network architectures, thereby dramatically increasing battery lifespan or permitting operation based on energy scavenging. We believe that the proposed technique will yield similar benefits in a wide range of applications. Printed circuit board specification files permitting reproduction of the current implementation are available for free use in research and education.

关键词： Event detection Monitoring Buildings Bridge circuits Energy consumption sensor phenomena and characterization Civil engineering Sampling methods Architecture Testing

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Pedestrian Recognition Based on 3D Image Data

Pedestrian Recognition Based on 3D Image Data

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IEEE international symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Bjorn Elias Petri Mahonen Audi Electronics Venture GmbH Gaimersheim Germany Department of Wireless Networks RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

This paper presents a pedestrian classification system using 3D imaging information. The system consists of a photonic mixer device sensor (PMD), infrared lightsources and image processing algorithms. We present an example of an active safety system to protect pedestrians, describe a pedestrian classification using 3D image image processing, and give suggestions for further optimization of the software. The focus of this work is the description of main features which are required in order to accomplish a reliable classification. The task of the classification algorithms is to classify sensor objects either into the category pedestrians or the category non-pedestrians. After taking a closer look at image processing and measurement results we draw the conclusion that a multisensor approach is an inevitable requirement in order to fulfil the strict requirements of an exemplary active safety system given in this paper. Finally, the paper explains improvements of the classification on the basis of feature level fusion using 2D and 3D sensor systems.

关键词： Image recognition Image processing Optoelectronic and photonic sensors Infrared image sensors sensor systems Software safety Optical imaging Protection Focusing Classification algorithms

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Passive sensor Based Dynamic Object Association Method in Wireless sensor networks

Passive Sensor Based Dynamic Object Association Method in Wi...

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50th IEEE international Midwest symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS'07), vol.3

作者： Shung Han Cho Jinseok Lee Xi Deng Sangjin Hong We-Duke Cho Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mobile Systems Design Laboratory Stony Brook University-SUNY Stony Brook NY USA Department of Electronics Engineering College of Information Technology Ajou University South Korea Stony Brook Univ.-SUNY Stony Brook Mobile Systems Design Lab. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University-SUNY NY 11794-2350 USA Dept. of Electronics Engineering College of Information Technology Ajou University South Korea

This paper proposes and presents a novel algorithm for dynamic data association in wireless sensor networks. The sensor node incorporates RFID reader and acoustic sensor where the signals are fused for tracking and associating multiple objects. The RFID tag is used for object identification and acoustic sensor is used for estimating object movement. The threshold based association algorithm is proposed and its performance is analyzed. The association performance under single node coverage and multiple node coverage is evaluated as a function of sampling time and the dynamic behavior. The algorithm minimizes the failed association and provides association recovery.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Acoustic sensors Radiofrequency identification Signal processing RFID tags Acoustic signal detection sensor phenomena and characterization Object detection Target tracking Acoustical engineering

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UAV remote sensing grounded simulation system based on DM270 and TCP/IP

UAV remote sensing grounded simulation system based on DM270...

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IEEE international symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： Shi-hu Zhao Lei Yan Zhou-hui Lian Hui Zhou Beijing Key Lab. of Spatial Information Integration and 3S Applications Peking University Beijing China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering BeiHang University Beijing China School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

Remote Sensing (RS) plays an important role in modern society. As the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology goes to maturity, the UAV becomes a new and effective platform of aerial RS. UAV can equip RS sensors and other instruments to carry out many RS missions. In this paper, based on our successful progress on UAV RS system and several times' flying experiments in the past, A new UAV remote sensing grounded simulation system was introduced. This system is based on DM270 CMOS imaging subsystem and TCP/IP network. The CMOS imaging subsystem makes full use of the powerful digital signal processing ability of DM270 and the high resolution imaging ability of OV2610 sensor; based on the TCP/IP communication protocol, the front-end and back-end computer programs were developed by Virtual Instrument, to accomplish the startup command and image data transition, image data storage, display and monitoring, and the data memory managing.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles Remote sensing TCPIP CMOS image sensors High-resolution imaging Instruments Computer displays Memory management IP networks CMOS process

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Lightweight Signal processing in sensor Node for Real-time Traffic Monitoring

Lightweight Signal Processing in Sensor Node for Real-time T...

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2007 international symposium on Communications and information Technologies (ISCIT 2007), vol.3

作者： Yuhe Zhang Xi Huang Li Cui Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Inst. of Computing Technology Chinese Academy and Sciences Beijing China

Wireless sensor network may be used for real-time traffic monitoring. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a practical wireless traffic information collection node (TICoN). We propose a specific lightweight adaptive signal processing algorithm based on matched filter, namely AEMFA, for traffic monitoring. We provide solutions to embed this signal processing algorithm in resource-limited sensor node, to reduce power consumption. We also propose a traffic volume detection algorithm, namely TVDA, based on AEMFA. Experimental results show that AEMFA algorithm performs well in sensor node. The algorithm is efficient both in traffic volume detection with an accuracy of 90%, and in energy saving up to 80%.

关键词： Signal processing Monitoring Signal processing algorithms Matched filters Wireless sensor networks Traffic control Roads Telecommunication traffic information management Acoustic signal processing

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Dynamic sensor Nodes Selection Strategy for Wireless sensor networks

Dynamic Sensor Nodes Selection Strategy for Wireless Sensor ...

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2007 international symposium on Communications and information Technologies (ISCIT 2007), vol.3

作者： Xue Wang Sheng Wang Daowei Bi State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision Instruments Tsinghua University Beijing China

Dynamic sensor nodes selection strategy refers to the optimization for achieving the tradeoff between energy consumption and effective coverage rate, enhancing energy efficiency, enlarging the effective coverage rate and prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSN). This paper proposes a dynamic sensor nodes selection strategy, so-called HN-GA, which uses the genetic algorithm (GA) to implement global searching and adopts the Hopfield network (HN) to reduce the search space of GA and ensure the validity of each chromosome. For evaluating the sensor nodes selection results, a combined metric based on several practically feasible measures of the energy consumption and effective coverage rate is introduced. The simulation results verify that the proposed HN-GA algorithm performs well in dynamic sensor nodes selection. With the help of HN-GA based dynamic sensor nodes selection, the lifetime and the effective coverage performance of WSN can be significantly improved. Compared to GA and HN, HN-GA has better performance in regional convergence and global searching, and it can achieve dynamic sensor nodes selection optimization efficiently, robustly and rapidly.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Signal processing algorithms Energy consumption Energy measurement Instruments Genetic algorithms Biological cells Convergence Robustness Bismuth

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Cluster Based Hierarchical Wireless sensor networks (CHWSN) and Time Synchronization in CHWSN

Cluster Based Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks (CHWSN) ...

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2007 international symposium on Communications and information Technologies (ISCIT 2007), vol.3

作者： Poonam Yadav Nagesh Yadav Shirshu Varma IIIT Allahabad India

A Cluster Based Hierarchical Wireless sensor Network Architecture is proposed to facilitate more than one application sharing the whole or a part of a wireless sensor network, where each application may have its own network, processing requirements and protocols. Such a network is divided into clusters and the clusters are organized hierarchically. For synchronizing the CHWSN there is the requirement for a cluster based hierarchical time synchronization algorithm. None of the already existing time synchronization algorithms satisfy the needs of time synchronization in our CHWSN architecture. Thus the existing time synchronization algorithms TPSN (Time synchronization Protocol for sensor networks) and FTSP (Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol) are modified to fulfill the needs of time synchronization in CHWSN Architecture and developed the Cluster Based Hierarchical, Flooding Time Synchronization algorithm (CBH-FTS). It is a hybrid algorithm, where instead of flooding the synchronization messages to neighbor's node, the root node multicasts the time-sync message to selected cluster-heads using the relevant semantics. Hierarchy of cluster-heads could transmit the synchronization messages down the hierarchy of cluster-heads thus synchronizing only the required part of the network associated with an application. The synchronization could be a result of a decision at root node or could be a result of a request for synchronization from a node to a cluster-head. The CBH-FTS Protocol is semantic driven and covers multiple levels in hierarchy.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Clustering algorithms Application software sensor phenomena and characterization Multicast algorithms Transceivers Wireless application protocol Floods Technology forecasting Costs

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Lattice networks: Capacity limits, optimal routing, and queueing behavior

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IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING 2006年第3期14卷 492-505页

作者： Barrenetxea, Guillermo Berefull-Lozano, Baltasar Vetterli, Martin Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne Sch Comp Sci & Commun CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Lattice networks are widely used in regular settings like grid computing, distributed control, satellite constellations, and sensor networks. Thus, limits on capacity, optimal routing policies, and performance with finite buffers are key issues and are addressed in this paper. In particular, we study the routing aigorithms that achieve the maximum rate per node for infinite and finite buffers in the nodes and different communication models, namely uniform communications, central data gathering and border data gathering. In the case of nodes with infinite buffers, we determine the capacity of the network and we characterize the set of optimal routing algorithms that achieve capacity. In the case of nodes with finite buffers, we approximate the queue network problem and obtain the distribution on the queue size at the nodes. This distribution allows us to study the effect of routing on the queue distribution and derive the algorithms that achieve the maximum rate.

关键词： border data gathering data gathering lattice networks network capacity queueing theory routing square grid torus uniform communication

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A distributed direction of arrival estimation algorithm for self-organizing ultra wide-band wireless sensor networks

A distributed direction of arrival estimation algorithm for ...

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3rd international symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS 2006)

作者： di Renzo, Marco D'Onofrio, Alessandro Graziosi, Fabio Santucci, Fortunato DEWS Dept Elect & Informat Engn Poggio Roio I-67040 Laquila Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781424403974

In this paper we investigate the problem of Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation in distributed and self-organizing Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which use Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) technology at the physical layer. The proposed DoA estimation technique is based on the Spectral Correlation MUltiple SIgnal Classification (SC-MUSIC) algorithm, which is well suited for wide-band signals and relies on the cyclostationarity properties of UWB signaling. Each sensor node is assumed to be equipped with a single omnidirectional antenna and DoA information is extracted by post-processing the signals received by a cluster of nodes and sent to a sink node. The performance of this algorithm is analyzed by assuming an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and by including in the analysis errors due to location discovery and timing synchronization procedures. The results show a significant robustness of the algorithm with respect to this kind of errors.

关键词： Direction of arrival

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