We argue that B is a good language to conveniently express a wide range of constraint satisfaction problems. We also show that some problems can be solved quite effectively by the PROB tool. We illustrate our claim on...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783662436523;9783662436516
We argue that B is a good language to conveniently express a wide range of constraint satisfaction problems. We also show that some problems can be solved quite effectively by the PROB tool. We illustrate our claim on several examples, such as the jobs puzzle - for which we solve the challenge set out by Shapiro. Here we show that the B formalization is both very close to the natural language specification and can still be solved efficiently by PROB. Our approach is particularly interesting when a high assurance of correctness is required. Indeed, compared to other existing approaches and tools, validation and double checking of solutions is available for PROB and formal proof can be applied to establish important properties or provide an unambiguous semantics to the problem specification.
Programmable logic Controllers (PLCs) are embedded devices that are widely used in industrial control systems. PLC programs are written in special languages that are defined in the IEC 61131-3 standard, which includes...
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the internationalconference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC) was formed to p- vide an annual forum dedicated to the emerging and challenging topics in artificial intelligence, machine learning, bioinformatics, and com...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783540859840
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540859833
the internationalconference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC) was formed to p- vide an annual forum dedicated to the emerging and challenging topics in artificial intelligence, machine learning, bioinformatics, and computational biology, etc. It aims to bring together researchers and practitioners from both academia and ind- try to share ideas, problems and solutions related to the multifaceted aspects of intelligent computing. ICIC 2008, held in Shanghai, China, September 15–18, 2008, constituted the 4thinternationalconference on Intelligent Computing. It built upon the success of ICIC 2007, ICIC 2006 and ICIC 2005 held in Qingdao, Kunming and Hefei, China, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. this year, the conference concentrated mainly on the theories and methodologies as well as the emerging applications of intelligent computing. Its aim was to unify the picture of contemporary intelligent computing techniques as an integral concept that highlights the trends in advanced computational intelligence and bridges theoretical research with applications. therefore, the theme for this conference was “Emerging Intelligent Computing Technology and Applications”. Papers focusing on this theme were solicited, addressing theories, methodologies, and applications in science and technology.
We describe a distributed logical framework designed to serve as a declarative semantic foundation for Networked Cyber-Physical Systems. the framework provides notions of facts and goals that include interactions with...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642293191
We describe a distributed logical framework designed to serve as a declarative semantic foundation for Networked Cyber-Physical Systems. the framework provides notions of facts and goals that include interactions withthe environment via external goal requests, observations that generate facts, and actions that achieve goals. Reasoning rules are built on a partially ordered knowledge-sharing model for loosely coupled distributed computing. the logic supports reasoning in the context of dynamically changing facts and system goals. It can be used both to program systems and to reason about possible scenarios and emerging properties. the underlying reasoning framework is specified in terms of constraints that must be satisfied, making it very general and flexible. Inference rules for an instantiation to a specific local logic (Horn clause logic) are given as a concrete example. the key novel features are illustrated with snippets from an existing application-a theory for self-organizing robots performing a distributed surveillance task. Traditional properties of logical inference and computation are reformulated in this novel context, and related to features of system design and execution. Proofs are outlined for key properties corresponding to soundness, completeness, and termination. Finally, the framework is compared to other formal systems addressing concurrent/distributed computation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
作者:
Wagner, GerdGruppe Logik
Wissenstheorie und Information Institut für Philosphie Freie Universität Berlin Habelschwerdter Allee 30 Berlin 331000 Germany
Extended logic programs allow for negative conclusions in rules. So, the question of how to deal with contradictions arises. the trivialization (or ‘explosion’) approach of classical logic, according to which everyt...
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the proceedings contain 60 papers. the special focus in this conference is on Automata, Languages and programming. the topics include: Symmetric and economical solutions to the mutual exclusion problem in a distribute...
ISBN:
(纸本)9783540123170
the proceedings contain 60 papers. the special focus in this conference is on Automata, Languages and programming. the topics include: Symmetric and economical solutions to the mutual exclusion problem in a distributed system: Extended abstract;ambiguity and decision problems concerning number systems;on the observational semantics of fair parallelism;an O(N4) algorithm to construct all Voronoi diagrams for k nearest neighbor searching;algebraic languages and polyomnoes enumeration;on the number of equal-sized semispaces of a set of points in the plane: Extended abstract;algebraic specifications with generating constraints;wythoff games, continued fractions, cedar trees and Fibonacci searches;initial index: A new complexity function for languages;an axiomatization of the intermittent assertion method using temporal logic;modular compiler descriptions based on abstract semantic data types;polynomial-time factorization of multivariate polynomials over finite fields;processes of place/transition-nets;a hardware semantics based on temporal intervals;Lower bounds for solving undirected graph problems on VLSI;concurrent probabilistic program, or: How to schedule if you must;Computation times of NP sets of different densities;rewrite methods for clausal and non-clausal theorem proving;complexity of infinite trees;incremental construction of unification algorithms in equational theories;topological characterizations of infinite behaviours of transition systems;tree automata and attribute grammars;effectively given spaces;a note on intersections of free submonoids of a free monoid;A fast sorting algorithm for VLSI;on the composition of morphisms and inverse morphisms;on the group complexity of a finite language;reasoning with time and chance: Extended abstract;factoring multivariate integral polynomials.
We study monitoring of visibly context-free properties. these properties reflect the common concept of nesting which arises naturally in software systems. they can be expressed e. g. in the temporal logic CaRet which ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9783642407871;9783642407864
We study monitoring of visibly context-free properties. these properties reflect the common concept of nesting which arises naturally in software systems. they can be expressed e. g. in the temporal logic CaRet which extends LTL by means of matching calls and returns. the future fragment of CaRet enables us to give a direct unfolding-based automaton construction, similar to LTL. We provide a four-valued, impartial semantics on finite words which is particularly suitable for monitoring. this allows us to synthesize monitors in terms of deterministic push-down Mealy machines. To go beyond impartiality, we develop a construction for anticipatory monitors from visibly push-down.-automata by utilizing a decision procedure for emptiness.
While attribute grammars have several features making them advantageous for specifying language processing tools, functional programming languages offer a myriad of features also well-suited for such tasks. Much other...
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Incomplete information and the inability to trace the movement of contaminated products across the food chain has hindered our ability to locate and remove contaminated products once a food recall has been announced. ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9789898565303
Incomplete information and the inability to trace the movement of contaminated products across the food chain has hindered our ability to locate and remove contaminated products once a food recall has been announced. the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) that was signed into law in 2011, however, supports traceability by both expanding the registration requirements for companies that are involved in food production and, in the event of a food recall, requiring companies to provide information about their immediate suppliers and customers-what is referred to as "one step forward" and "one step backward" traceability. In this paper we implement the logic-based approach called answer set programmingthat uses inference rules to determine the set of all companies that may be linked to a contaminated product. Unlike other approaches, we do not depend on the availability of common standards or unique identifiers. Rather, the proposed approach utilizes information about the company's primary suppliers and customers along withtheir products-consistent withthe "one step forward" and "one step backward" required under FMSA as noted above. We demonstrate this approach using the example of a food recall involving pork products.
Random numbers are needed in a variety of applications, yet finding good random number generators is a difficult task. In the last decade cellular automata (CA) have been used to generate random numbers. In this paper...
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