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Scheduling and Capacity Design in Overlay Computing Systems

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12th international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications (ICCSA)

作者： Walkowiak, Krzysztof Kasprzak, Andrzej Kosowski, Michal Miziolek, Marek Wroclaw Univ Technol Dept Syst & Comp Networks Fac Elect PL-50370 Wroclaw Poland

ISBN: (纸本)9783642311277;9783642311284

parallel to new developments in the fields of computer networks and high performance computing, effective distributed systems have emerged to answer the growing demand to process huge amounts of data. Comparing to traditional network systems aimed mostly to send data, distributed computing systems are also focused on data processing what introduces additionally requirements in the system performance and operation. In this paper we assume that the distributed system works in an overlay mode, which enables fast, cost-effective and flexible deployment comparing to traditional network model. the objective of the design problem is to optimize task scheduling and network capacity in order to minimize the operational cost and to realize all computational projects assigned to the system. the optimization problem is formulated in the form of an ILP (Integer Linear Programming) model. Due to the problem complexity, four heuristics are proposed including evolutionary algorithms and Tabu Search algorithm. All methods are evaluated in comparison to optimal results yielded by the CPLEX solver. the best performance is obtained for the Tabu Search method that provides average results only 0.38% worse than optimal ones. Moreover, for larger problem instances with 20-minute limit of the execution time, the Tabu Search algorithm outperforms CPLEX for some cases.

关键词： distributed computing overlays ILP modeling optimization

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Integration of gpgpu methods into a pet reconstruction system

Integration of gpgpu methods into a pet reconstruction syste...

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9th IASTED international conference on parallel and distributed Computing and Networks, PDCN 2010

作者： Schaetz, Sebastian Kucera, Markus Department of Computer Science and Mathematics University of Applied Sciences Regensburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780889868205

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging modality that allows the detection of tissue with particular properties or the observation of metabolic processes in living organisms over time. It plays a vital role in cancer diagnosis and heart examination and represents a promising method for early diagnosis of dementia. With the advancement of scanner technology as well as an ever increasing demand for higher quality images and higher patient throughput the image reconstruction system can become a bottleneck of a PET system. To meet this demand for more computing power in the reconstruction system a novel way to speed up the image reconstruction process for modern PET systems is presented. A common graphics processing device in conjunction with the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is used to speed up existing algorithms for the CPU. Projectors for full 3D reconstruction are ported to the CUDA device and new algorithms are implemented where necessary. the main focus of this port is to speed up the calculation and to maintain the numerical accuracy of the result. On the basis of the CPU reconstruction system a new system that uses GPU projectors is implemented. With this modification a two-fold speed up is achieved compared to the highly optimized CPU implementation running on 4 CPU cores. Different optimization methods are explored and applied where suitable. the results calculated by GPU and CPU projectors are numerically identical allowing them to be interchanged. the system is validated and the algorithms are integrated into the reconstruction system of Siemens Healthcare Molecular Imaging PET scanners.

关键词： three dimensional

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Classifying one billion data with a new distributed SVM algorithm

Classifying one billion data with a new distributed SVM algo...

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4th IEEE international conference on Research, Innovation and Vision for the Future, RivF'06

作者： Do, thanh-Nghi Poulet, François ESIEA KDD Lab. 38 rue Docteurs Calmette Guerin 53000-Laval France College of Information Technology Can Tho University 1 Ly Tu Trong street Can Tho City Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)1424403162

the new incremental, parallel and distributed Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm using linear or non linear kernels proposed in this paper aims at classifying very large datasets on standard personal computers (PCs). SVM and kernel related methods have shown to build accurate models but the learning task usually needs a quadratic program so that the learning task for large datasets requires large memory capacity and long time. We extend a recent Least Squares SVM (LS-SVM) proposed by Suykens and Vandewalle for building incremental, parallel and distributed SVM algorithm. the new algorithm is very fast and can handle very large datasets in linear or non-linear classification tasks on PCs. An example of the effectiveness is given with the linear classification into two classes of one billion datapoints in 20-dimensional input space in some minutes on ten PCs (3 GHz Pentium iv, 512 MB RAM). © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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parallel Implementation of an MPEG-2 Encoder using iv Message-Passing/Multithreading 17

Parallel Implementation of an MPEG-2 Encoder using IV Messag...

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17th international conference on parallel and distributed Computing Systems, PDCS 2004

作者： Shaaban, Muhammad Zenner, Jennifer L. Department of Computer Engineering Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618398185

the computational demands of multimedia applications have been increasing due to the quest for improved quality and resolution. Sequential implementations may not be able to meet such computational demands. this makes it necessary to explore efficient parallel implementations for such applications including high resolution video compression. this paper explores a novel parallel encoder implementation of the industry standard MPEG-2 video compression algorithm. the proposed approach exploits parallelism at two levels. First at the coarse grain level using standard message passing interface (MPI) [1], [2], [3] between each node of a Beowulf cluster. parallelism is also exploited in a multi-threaded pipeline created using Pthreads [4] within each node. the resulting performance of this approach Is shown to exceed the performance of previous approaches as the number of processing elements is scaled higher. © (2004) by the international Society for Computers and their Applications All rights reserved.

关键词： image compression

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An optimal software-pipelining method for instruction-level parallel processors based on scaled retiming

An optimal software-pipelining method for instruction-level ...

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international Symposium on image and Signal processing and Analysis

作者： F. Fernandez A. Sanchez A. Duarte Dept. Fotónica FI-UPM Campus Montegancedo Madrid Spain ESCET-URJC Campus de Móstoles Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9539676940

Software pipelining is an instruction-level loop scheduling method for achieving high performance fine-grain parallelism on VLIW (very long instruction word) processors. this paper presents a novel software pipelining method for non-pipelining parallel processors based on integer scaling and retiming transformations. this approach generalises and simplifies the analogous extended retiming model of T.W. O'Neil et al. (see Proc. ISCA 12th Int. Conf. parallel & distributed Computing Syst., p.292-7, 1999; Proc. of ICASSP'99 Conf., vol.4 p.2001-4, 1999). Matrix techniques are used in order to simplify the corresponding graph transformations. Some general properties taken from algebraic graph theory are applied in order to obtain general scheduling techniques: node and cycle methods. the two-phase scheduling method considered is first defined by means of two standard linear programming problems. We transform the corresponding problems into some variants of the maximum cost-to-time ratio problem and shortest path problem, in order to obtain efficient polynomial time algorithms. An example of software pipelining optimization of a digital correlator is also given.

关键词： Pipeline processing Processor scheduling VLIW Software performance parallel processing distributed computing Graph theory Linear programming Shortest path problem Polynomials

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Tracking the attitude of an aircraft with a single imaging sensor using numerical optimization-based methods

Tracking the attitude of an aircraft with a single imaging s...

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4th international conference on parallel and distributed methods for image processing iv

作者： Park, Y Shin, S Chun, J Agcy Def Dev Taejon 305600 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0819437638

We shall show how to extract various important information on the motion of a target (enemy aircraft) from a sequence of its image frames obtained using a single imaging sensor which is mounted on an aircraft. Specifically, we present an algorithm which estimates following 12 parameters of an enemy aircraft from its image sequence;position (three), linear velocity (three), attitude (three), instantaneous angular velocity (three) and optional acceleration (three). To extract the attitude, we use a matching algorithm for the captured image frame to the modeled image. the objective function is the value of correlation between these two images, and we use simulated annealing and downhill simplex methods for maximizing the objective function. Finally, estimation of the position and the attitude is accomplished with a 12-state extended Kalman filter. through simulations, we show that the proposed algorithm is superior to conventional algorithms which do not use the attitude information.

关键词： Target Tracking simulated annealing Euler angles Kalman filter

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Intelligent agent support for automated radiology exam

Intelligent agent support for automated radiology exam

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4th international conference on parallel and distributed methods for image processing iv

作者： Shang, Y Popescu, M Univ Missouri Dept Comp Sci & Comp Engn Columbia MO 65211 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437638

A difficult problem in automatic medical image understanding is that for every image type such as x-ray and every body organ such as heart, there exist specific solutions that do not allow for generalization. Just collecting all the specific solutions will not achieve the vision of a computerized physician. To address this problem, we propose an intelligent agent approach that is based on agent-oriented programming and the concept of active fusion. the advantage of agent-oriented programming is that it combines the benefits of object-oriented programming and expert system. For radiology image understanding, we present a multi-agent system that is composed of two major types of intelligent agents: radiologist agents and patient agents. A patient agent asks for multiple opinions from radiologist agents in interpreting a given set of images and then integrates the opinions. A radiologist agent decomposes the image recognition task into smaller problems that are solved collectively by multiple intelligent sub-agents. Finally, we present a preliminary implementation and running examples of the multi-agent system.

关键词： intelligent agent radiology image interpretation information fusion

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FPGA-based parallel implementation for the lifting discrete wavelet transform

FPGA-based parallel implementation for the lifting discrete ...

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4th international conference on parallel and distributed methods for image processing iv

作者： Aranki, N Jiang, WQ Ortega, A CALTECH Jet Prop Lab Pasadena CA 91101 USA

ISBN: (纸本)0819437638

the rapidly increasing popularity of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as an effective tool in many signal processing and data compression applications, and its integration into JPEG 2000 has given rise to various DWT algorithms and their VLSI implementations to reduce complexity and enhance performance, In this paper, we present an efficient hardware implementation of the discrete wavelet transform and its deployment on a reconfigurable FPGA based platform. Our implementation is a novel architecture based on the lifting factorization of the wavelet filter banks. this factorization leads to a block based parallel DWT architecture suitable for hard-ware implementation. To overcome the communication overhead associated with the DWT block transform, we utilize the new Overlap-State(1,2) technique to compute the DWT near block boundaries. A VHDL description of the lifting polyphase factorization architecture was developed and ported to an FPGA hardware platform that was chosen to allow partial and full reconfigurability to accommodate Various applications with different filter banks. Our hardware implementation improves the performance by better than twofold speed up when compared to an efficient pipelined FPGA based implementation.

关键词： discrete wavelet transform field programmable gate array(FPGA) parallel architecture overlap-state split and merge hardware implementation reconfigurable platform

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Virtual video tape: A novel development tool for real-time motion image understanding

Virtual video tape: A novel development tool for real-time m...

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4th international conference on parallel and distributed methods for image processing iv

作者： Mizoguchi, H Hidai, K Hiraoka, K Shigehara, T Mishima, T Saitama Univ DICS Urawa Saitama 3388570 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0819437638

this paper proposes Virtual Video Tape (WT). It is a randomly accessible motion image recorder in main memory. VVT is realized with only software, not hardware. It is intended as a tool for real-time motion image understanding research. Recent remarkable progress of PC hardware enables to use gigabyte order main memory. By utilizing such large sized memory, there is a possibility to realize motion image recorder with software. thus we propose VVT as an example of this kind image recorder. Utilizing current components, recording time fan be expected as minutes order. Since the proposed VVT is fully digital, there is no analog medium nor possibility for degradation of image quality. Since there is no deterioration of playback image and no rewinding. VVT must contribute to program development for motion image understanding. Based upon the proposed idea, the authors have implemented a prototype VVT and used the prototype to develop visual tracking, real-time face detection, and so forth. through the implementation and experience of the usage, we have confirmed feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed idea. In this paper, the authors discuss background, required functions and structure of the recorder. Some implementation issues are also described.

关键词： solid state video recorder deterioration-free rewinding-free randomly accessible

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4th international ACPC conference on parallel Computation, ACPC 1999

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4th international ACPC conference on parallel Computation, ACPC 1999

ISBN: (纸本)3540656413

the proceedings contain 69 papers. the special focus in this conference is on parallel Numerics, parallel Computing in image processing, Video processing, and Multimedia. the topics include: Non-standard parallel solution strategies for distributed sparse linear systems;optimal tridiagonal solvers on mesh interconnection networks;parallel pivots LU algorithm on the cray T3E;experiments with parallel one-sided and two-sided algorithms for SVD;combined systolic array for matrix portrait computation;a class of explicit two-step runge-kutta methods with enlarged stability regions for parallel computers;a parallel strongly implicit algorithm for solution of diffusion equations;a parallel algorithm for lagrange interpolation on k-ary n-cubes;long range correlations among multiple processors;a monte-carlo method with inherent parallelism for numerical solving partial differential equations with boundary conditions;blocking techniques in numerical software;HPF and numerical libraries;an object library for parallel sparse array computation;performance analysis and derived parallelization strategy for a SCF program at the hartree fock level;computational issues in optimizing ophthalmic lens;parallel finite element modeling of solidification processes;architectural approaches for multimedia processing;on parallel reconfigurable architectures for image processing;parallel multiresolution image segmentation with watershed transformation and solving irregular inter-processor data dependency in image understanding tasks.

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